英美文学作品评论DOC.docx
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英美文学作品评论DOC.docx
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英美文学作品评论DOC
英国:
TheCanterburyTales:
ItisamasterpiecebyGeoffreyChaucer.
ItgivesacomprehensivepictureofChaucer’stime.ThepilgrimscoverawiderangeofcharactersintheEnglandofthetime,fromnoblementopeasants.Theyrepresentthewholerangeof14thcenturysocietyexcepttheverytopandtheverybottom.
Thiskindofacollectionoftalesputtogetherwasnotrareinhistory.However,inTheCanterburyTales,storiesarecleverlywoventogetherbylinksbetweenthestories.Mostofthestoriesarerelatedtothepersonalitiesofthetellers.Thepersonalityofeachcharacter,hisprivatelifeandhabits,hismoodandsocialstatusarerevealedintheprologueandinthestoryhetells,aswellasbyhisbehavioralongtheroadandhisremarksontheway.Thelinksbetweenthetalesareofgreatinterest.Mostimportantisthepartplayedbythehost.Hedrawstheshyonesout,smoothesoverthedifferences,andkeepthecompanygenerallyingoodspirits.
TheFaerieQueen:
ItisEdmundSensor’smasterpiece.Itwasalongpoemplannedin12books,ofwhichonly6werefinished.ThebookwasdedicatedtoQueenElizabeth.
Theplanofthewholepoemisthis:
Thefaeriequeen(signifyingQueenElizabethI)holdsafeastof12days,andoneachdayastrangerindistress(不幸)appears,claiminghelpagainstadragonorgiantortyrant.Aknightwasassignedtoeachguest,andthe12booksweretodescribe12adventures.Moreover,eachknightrepresentsavirtue,asHoliness,Temperance(温和),Chastity(纯洁),Friendship,JusticeandCourtesy;andhiswarfare(战争)representsthestrife(冲突)againstacontraryvice,asprideorDespair.Sothelongpoemisacontinuedallegory(寓言).TheknightsrepresentEnglandandthedevilfiguresstandforherenemies.
Tamburlaine:
ItisaplaybyChristopherMarlowe.Itisaboutanambitiousandpitiless(冷酷无情的)Tartarconquerorinthe14thcenturywhorosefromashepherd(牧羊人)toanoverpoweringking.Byflouting(嘲笑)thegivenorderandtrampling(践踏)ondespairingprinces,Tamburlainedisplayedahigh-aspiringmindthatwasself-createdandcarriedbyloveanddreamsbeyondthelimitsofmoralexistence.Hisvictorieswereatriumph(胜利)ofimmensenaturalenergyandofruthlessnessoverequallycruelbutweakanddecadentcivilizations.Bydepictingagreatherowithhighambitionandsheerbrutalforceinconqueringoneenemyafteranother,MarlowevoicedthesupremedesireofthemanoftheRenaissanceforinfinitepowerandauthority.Beingacruelconqueror,hefindsconsummate(至上的)happinessinsubduing(征服)otherKingdoms.
Hamlet:
HamletisthemostpopularandthemostdiscussedofShakespeare’stragedies.ItbearsstrongresemblancetoalostearlierHamletandtoTheSpanishTragedybyThomasKyd.
ThegreatnessoftheplayliesinthefactthatinitShakespeareexpressedhispraiseofthenoblequalityofPrinceHamletasarepresentativeofhumanistthinkersandhisdisillusionmentwiththecorruptanddegeneratedsocietyinwhichhelived.
Hamlet’srevengeisnotonlyapersonalmatter.Whattroubleshimmostistheinjustice,conspiracy(阴谋),andthebetrayalinthesociety.Hisfatherismurderedbyhisuncleandhismotherismarriedtohisunclerightafterhisfather’sdeath.
Themarriageofhismotheristhefirstblow(打击)tohimashehadregardedherasavirtuouswoman.Then,hisformerfriendsaredispatchedbythekingtospyonhim.Thisisasecondblow,forasahumanisthesetsgreatstorebyfriendship(以友谊为重).ThenhisgirlfriendOpheliaissentasatooltofindoutwhetherornotheisreallymad.Thisissomethinghecannolongerendure.
Oneincidentafteranotherseemstorevealtohimthatthetimeis“outofjoint”andmanisnotsogoodashehadimagined.Hamletwouldhavebeenatragedyof“bloodandthunder”(充满凶杀情节)ifShakespearehadnotimbued(使渗透)theplaywiththesortofphilosophicalthinking,thishumanisticsearchforthevalueofmanandthedisappointmentofsuchideals.
OfStudies:
ItisthemostpopularofFrancisBacon’s58essays.Itanalyzeswhatstudieschieflyservefor,thedifferentwaysadoptedbydifferentpeopletopursuestudies,andhowstudiesexertinfluenceoverhumancharacter.Beingforcefulandpersuasive,compact(紧凑的)andprecise,itrevealstousBacon’smatureattitudetowardslearning.
ParadiseLost:
Milton’smasterpiece,itisalongepicdividedinto12books.ItisaboutAdamandEve’sdisobedienceandfallfromgrace.TheoriginalstoryistakenfromGenesis3:
1-24oftheBible.Thethemeisthe“FallofMan”,i.e.man’sdisobedienceandthelossofParadise,withitsprimecause——Satan.
Thepoet,throughdepictingincurrence(遭受)ofcharacterinthepoem,impliedthattheBritishBourgeoisRevolutionisdoomedtoendinfailure.
ThePilgrim’sProgress:
ThePilgrim’sProgress,writtenbyJohnBunyan,isthemostsuccessfulreligiousallegoryintheEnglishlanguage.ItspurposeistourgepeopletoabidebyChristiandoctrinesandseeksalvationthroughconstantstruggleswiththeirownweaknessesandallkindsofsocialevils.Itisnotonlyaboutsomethingspiritualbutalsobearsmuchrelevancetothetime.Itspredominantmetaphor——lifeisajourney——issimpleandfamiliar.
Therearesomemainthemes.First,knowledgegainedthroughtravel:
ThePilgrim’sProgressdemonstratesthatknowledgeisgainedthroughtravelbyportrayingChristianandhiscompanionslearningfromtheirmistakesontheirjourney.Thepilgrimsmustadvancespirituallyasheorsheadvancesgeographically.Second,theimportanceofreading:
TheimportanceofreadingisemphasizedthroughoutthebookbecausethepilgrimsreachsalvationandhappinessbyunderstandingtheBible.Third,thevalueofcommunity.
MollFlanders:
ItwaswrittenbyDanielDefoe.Itiswritteninanautobiographicalformcalledmemoirs.
InMollFlanders,Defoeintroduces,forthefirsttime,alowlywomanasthesubjectofliterature.AnditanticipatesmanylaternovelsthattakewomenasthecenterofattentioninordertoexposehowthesocialsystemhasvictimizedthoselikeMoll.AtDefoe’stime,therearemanypopularnovelsandstoriesaboutthelivesofvillainsorrogues(流氓).However,Moll’slifestoryisadeparturefromthose,becausethosenovelsindulgeindramatizing(使戏剧化)thetricksandimmortalschemestheanti-herooranti-heroineadoptsinordertoachievehisorherpurposes.Therefore,thoseworksremainatthelevelofmereentertainmentliterature.MollFlanders,ontheotherhand,hasenteredseriousliteraturewithagravesocialtheme.
TomJones:
TomJonesisamasterpieceofHenryFieldingonthesubjectofhumannature.
Thereare18booksdividedinto3partswith6ineach.ThefirstpartdescribesTom’schildhoodinMr.Allworthy’shome;themiddleonecontainsadventuresontheroadtoLondon;andthelasttellswhathappensinLondontoTomandSophia.
ToFielding,thecountrysiderepresentsthebasicgoodnessofhumanrace,whereasthecitystandsforevilandsin.Therefore,Tom,growinginthecountrysideunderthecareofgoodMr.Allworthy,isbasicallyanuprightyoungfellow,braveandhonestandfullofsympathyforthepoorandweak.ThefartherheproceedstoLondon,theworsehebecomesmorally,spiritually,andevenphysically.InLondon,hedegeneratesintoakeptmanofarichwoman,endsupinprison,andisshockedbyhisalleged(声称的)incestuouscrime(乱伦罪).
TheSchoolforScandal:
ItisSheridan’smasterpiece.ItiswritteninthetraditionofComedyofManners.
Itisastoryabouttwobrothers:
JosephSurfaceandCharlesSurface.CharlesfallsinlovewitharichheiressMariaandhisloveisreturned.Joseph,hiselderbrotherisalsocountingMariaforherfortunes.TheplayendswiththeunionofCharlesandMariaandtheexposureofJoseph’shypocrisy.
Itisasharpsatireonthemoraldegeneracy(堕落)ofthearistocratic-bourgeois(贵族资产阶级)societyinthe18thcenturyofEngland.
SonsofInnocence:
WilliamBlake’smostwellknownpoemsarecollectedintwocollections.TheyareSongsofInnocenceandSongsofExperience.
ThepoemscollectedinSongsofInnocenceexpressthepoet’sdelightinlife,eveninthefaceofsorrowandsuffering.Theworldisseenthroughtheeyesofachild’simagination.Blake’svisionofinnocenceisnotthatofachild’sonly.Itisaworldthatcanbeattainedbytheadultsiftheycastaway(丢掉)thefollies(罪恶)anddeceits(欺骗)ofthehostileworldandseekavisionaryworldthroughtheirimagination.InthiscollectionwecanhavethefirstglimpseofBlake’smysticism(神秘主义),whichwilldevelopinhislaterpoems.
SongsofExperience:
WilliamBlake’smostwellknownpoemsarecollectedintwocollections.TheyareSongsofInnocenceandSongsofExperience.
SongsofInnocenceisacollectionofpoemsandsongsinwhichtheatmosphereisnolongersunnybutsadandgloomy.Evilisfoundeverywhereinthisworld.Throughthelossofimagination,manhasbecomeaslavetothefalsehood(谎话)andhypocrisyofreligionandsociety,andthushaslosttheHeavenofInnocenceandgainedtheHellofExperience.
ChildeHarold’sPilgrimage:
《恰尔德·哈罗德游记》
ItisalengthynarrativepoembyGeorgeGorgonBryon.
Ittellsastoryofapilgrim’sjourneyinEurope.TheherowascalledChildeHarold.Hegottiredofthemeaninglessandemptylifeofpleasureandescapedtoseekaspiritualrebirth.
Byronreflectedthehistoricaleventsandlamentedonthesufferingsofpeople,bywhichheshowedhispoliticalandphilosophicalviews.
Inthepoem,ChildeHaroldwasthepoethimself;theybothlamentedoverthecorruptedrealityandwantedtomakeachange;theylovedfreedomandwereeagertobuildamarvelouscareer.
Thepoemisanimaginativeandromanticpresentationofthepoet’s
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