语言学1.docx
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语言学1.docx
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语言学1
测验一
1.Languageisasystemofarbitraryvocalsymbolsusedforhumancommunication.
2Findingsinlinguisticstudiescanoftenbeappliedtothesettlementofsomepracticalproblems.Thestudyofsuchapplicationsisgenerallyknownasappliedlinguistics.
3Thedisciplinethatstudiestherulesgoverningtheformationofwordsintopermissiblesentencesinlanguagesiscalledsyntax.
4.ThedetailsofanylanguagesystemispassedonfromonegenerationtothenextthroughB____,ratherthanbyinstinct.
a.learningb.bothAandBc.teachingd.books
5Bothsemanticsandpragmaticsstudymeanings.
答案:
T
6.Languereferstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofaspeechcommunitywhiletheparoleistheconcreteuseoftheconventionsandapplicationoftherules.
7.Ahistoricalstudyoflanguageisa_D___studyoflanguage.
a.comparativeb.prescriptivec.synchronicd.diachronic
8.Inmodernlinguistics,speechisregardedasmorebasicthanwriting,because___A________.
a.Alloftheabove
b.speechisalwaysthewayinwhicheverynativespeakeracquireshismothertongue
c.inlinguisticevolution,speechispriortowriting
d.speechplaysagreaterrolethanwritingintermsoftheamountofinformationconveyed
9.Humancapacityforlanguagehasageneticbasis,butthedetailsoflanguagehavetobetaughtandlearned.
10.Syntaxisdifferentfrommorphologyinthattheformernotonlystudiesthemorphemes,butalsothecombinationofmorphemesintowordsandwordsintosentences.
答案:
T
11.ModernlinguisticsregardsthewrittenlanguageasA.
a.secondaryb.stablec.correctd.primary
12.Ascientificstudyoflanguageisbasedonwhatthelinguistthinks.
答案:
F
13Linguisticsisgenerallydefinedasthescientific/systematicstudyoflanguage.
14.Modernlinguisticsismostlyprescriptive,butsometimesdescriptive.
答案:
T
15Inthestudyoflinguistics,hypothesesformedshouldbebasedonlanguagefactsandcheckedagainsttheobservedfacts.
答案:
T
16Generallinguisticsisgenerallythestudyoflanguageasawhole.
答案:
T
17ThedistinctionbetweencompetenceandperformancewasproposedbyF.deSaussure.
答案:
T
18.Linguisticsstudiesparticularlanguage,notlanguagesingeneral.
答案:
T
19Saussuretooka___B_______viewoflanguage,whileChomskylooksatlanguagefroma________pointofview.
a.semanticandlinguisticb.sociological…psychological
c.psychological…sociologicald.applied…pragmatic
20.Ifalinguisticstudydescribesandanalyzesthelanguagepeopleactuallyuse,itissaidtobe_______D_______.
a.prescriptiveb.analyticc.linguisticd.descriptive
21Adiachronicstudyoflanguageisthedescriptionoflanguageatsomepointintime.
答案:
T
22Parolereferstotherealizationoflangueinactualuse.
23Languagecanbeusedtorefertocontextsremovedfromtheimmediatesituationsofthespeaker.Thisfeatureiscalled_____B____,
a.dualityb.displacementc.flexibilityd.culturaltransmission
24.Thestudyofmeaninginlanguageisknownassemantics.
答案:
T
25.Whichofthefollowingisnotadesignfeatureofhumanlanguage?
D
a.Displacementb.Arbitrarinessc.Dualityd.Meaningfulness
26.Sociolinguisticsisthestudyoflanguageinrelationtosociety.
答案:
T
27.Generallinguistics,whichrelatesitselftotheresearchofotherareas,studiesthebasicconcepts,theories,descriptions,modelsandmethodsapplicableinanylinguisticstudy.
答案:
T
28.Phoneticsisdifferentfromphonologyinthatthelatterstudiesthecombinationsofthesoundstoconveymeaningincommunication.
答案:
T
29Modernlinguisticsregardsthewrittenlanguageasprimary,notthespokenlanguage.
答案:
T
30Linguisticsisgenerallydefinedasthescientificstudyoflanguage.
答案:
T
31Thestudyofthewaysinwhichmorphemescanbecombinedtoformwordsiscalledmorphology.
答案:
T
32Chomskydefines“competence”astheidealuser’sknowledgeoftherulesofhislanguage.
33.Modernlinguisticsisdifferentfromtraditionalgrammar.
答案:
T
34AccordingtoF.deSaussure,D____referstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofaspeechcommunity.
a.Languageb.performancec.paroled.langue
35.Socialchangescanoftenbringaboutlanguagechanges.
答案:
T
36Languageissaidtobearbitrarybecausethereisnologicalconnectionbetween_B________andmeanings.
a.senseb.soundsc.ideasd.objects
37Morphologystudieshowwordscanbeformedtoproducemeaningfulsentences.
答案:
T
38.Languageisproductiveinthatitmakespossibletheconstructionandinterpretationofnewsignalsbyitsusers.Inotherwords,theycanproduceandunderstandaninfinitelylargenumberofsentenceswhichtheyhaveneverheardbefore.
39Pragmaticsisdifferentfromsemanticsinthatpragmaticsstudiesmeaningnotinisolation,butincontext.
答案:
T
40.Dualityisoneofthedesignfeaturesofhumanlanguagewhichreferstothephenomenonthatlanguageconsistsoftwolevels:
alowerlevelofmeaninglessindividualsoundsandahigherlevelofmeaningfulunits.
测验二
1.Thearticulatoryapparatusofahumanbeingarecontainedinthreeimportantcavities:
thepharyngealcavity,theoralcavityandthenasalcavity.
2Accordingtotheshapeofthelips,vowelscanbeclassifiedintoclosevowels,semi-closevowels,semi-openvowelsandopenvowels.
答案:
F
3EnglishisatonelanguagewhileChineseisnot.
答案:
F
4.__A__isavoicedalveolarstop.
a./d/b./b/c./z/d./k/
5.Phonesarethesoundsthatcandistinguishmeaning.
答案:
F
6Inlinguisticevolution,speechispriortowriting.
答案:
T
7Thedifferentphoneswhichcanrepresentaphonemeindifferentphoneticenvironmentsarecalledthe__D__ofthatphoneme.
a.soundsb.phonesc.phonemesd.allophones
8Englishconsonantscanbeclassifiedintermsofplaceofarticulationandthepartofthetonguethatisraisedthehighest.
答案:
F
9Abasicwaytodeterminethephonemesofalanguageistoseeifsubstitutingonesoundforanotherresultsinachangeofmeaning.
答案:
T
10Distinctivefeaturesofsoundsegmentscanbefoundrunningoverasequenceoftwoormorephonemicsegments.
答案:
T
11Ineverydaycommunication,speechplaysagreaterrolethanwritingintermsoftheamountofinformationconveyed.
答案:
T
12Iftwophoneticallysimilarsoundsoccurinthesameenvironmentsandtheydistinguishmeaning,theyaresaidtobeincomplementarydistribution.
答案:
F
13Vibrationofthevocalcordsresultsinaqualityofspeechsoundscalledvoicing.
答案:
T
14Tonesarepitchvariations,whicharecausedbythedifferingratesofvibrationofthevocalcordsandwhichcandistinguishmeaningjustlikephonemes.
15A__D_isaunitthatisofdistinctivevalue.Itisanabstractunit,acollectionofdistinctivephoneticfeatures.
a.soundb.allophonec.phoned.phoneme
16Thesound/f/is_____B____________.
a.voicedalveolarstopb.voicelesslabiodentalfricative
c.voicelessvelarfricatived.voicedpalatalaffricate
17Thesoundassimilationisactuallyreflectedinspellinginmostcases.
18.Whenpitch,stressandsoundlengtharetiedtothesentenceratherthanthewordinisolation,theyarecollectivelyknownasintonation.
19Theassimilationruleassimilatesonesoundtoanotherby“copying”afeatureofasequentialphoneme,thusmakingthetwophones_____C_______.
a.identicalb.samec.similard.exactlyalike
20Anysoundproducedbyahumanbeingisaphoneme.
答案:
F
21.Thetranscriptionofspeechsoundswithletter-symbolsonlyiscalledbroadtranscriptionwhilethetranscriptionwithletter-symbolstogetherwiththediacriticsiscallednarrowtranscription.
22.Phonologyisconcernedwithhowthesoundscanbeclassifiedintodifferentcategories.
答案:
F
23A___C_vowelisonethatisproducedwiththefrontpartofthetonguemaintainingthehighestposition.
a.middleb.backc.frontd.central
24.Therulesthatgovernthecombinationofsoundsinaparticularlanguagearecalledsequentialrules.
25.Ofallthespeechorgans,the__D_____is/arethemostflexible.
a.mouthb.vocalcordsc.lipsd.tongue
26Englishconsonantscanbeclassifiedintermsofmannerofarticulationorintermsofplaceofarticulation.
27.Aspirationreferstoastrongpuffofairstreamintheproductionofspeechsounds.
28Since/p/and/b/arephoneticallysimilar,occurinthesameenvironmentsandtheycandistinguishmeaning,theyaresaidtobe_____C______.
a.theallophonesb.minimalpairc.inphonemiccontrastd.incomplementarydistribution
29Accordingtothemannerofarticulation,someofthetypesintowhichtheconsonantscanbeclassifiedarestops,fricatives,bilabialandalveolar.
答案:
F
30Articulatoryphoneticstriestodescribethephysicalpropertiesofthestreamofsoundswhichaspeakerissueswiththehelpofamachinecalledspectrograph.
答案:
F
31VoicingisaphonologicalfeaturethatdistinguishesmeaninginbothChineseandEnglish.
答案:
T
32Therulesgoverningthephonologicalpatterningarelanguagespecific.
答案:
T
33Ofallthespeechorgans,thetongueisthemostflexible,andisresponsibleforvarietiesofarticulationthananyother.
34suprasegmentalfeaturesarethephonemicfeaturesthatoccurabovethelevelofthesegments.Theyincludestress,tone,intonation,etc.
35Thearticulatoryapparatusofahumanbeingarecontainedinthreeimportantareas:
thethroat,themouthandthechest.
答案:
F
36Articulatoryphoneticsdescribesthewayourspeechorgansworktoproducethespeechsoundsandhowtheydiffer.
37Whentheobstructioncreatedbythespeechorgansistotalorcomplete,thespeechsoundproducedwiththeobstructionaudiblyreleasedandtheairpassingout
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