英国文学.docx
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英国文学.docx
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英国文学
MythicAllusionsinJohnKeats’Poetry
济慈诗歌中的神话典故
摘要
摘要:
本文作者试图对济慈诗歌中神话典故的引用及其变体进行分析探讨,从而论述济慈对古希腊文明、圣经典故的爱好及其深厚的文学功底。
在济慈诗歌中引用有各样的神话典故,如夜莺,圣·艾格妮丝,希腊古瓮,路得等典故,因此,神话典故在他的诗集中占有重要的地位。
为了便于讨论,作者根据典故的来源,将神话典故分为古希腊罗马传说,圣经典故和其他神话三类进行分析。
从分析来看,济慈诗歌不仅仅是对神话典故的简单引用,而是通过诗人对故事的理解,投入自己的感情在诗中,对古神话典故进行改动,从而使诗显得更为生动。
同时从诗中也可窥见诗人的美学观点。
因此,济慈诗歌中大量神话典故的引用同他本人的美学观点是有关系的,是诗人美学观点的反映。
他认为"美即真,真即美",凡是自然,真实的事物都是美丽的。
想象力是诗歌创作的重要条件,同时强调感情的自然流露。
因此本文作者认为,了解诗歌中的神话典故,对诗歌的理解及其诗人本人的美学观点的了解将会有很大的帮助,同时作者希望这篇论文能为读者提供一个新的角度来欣赏济慈的诗歌。
关键词:
济慈诗歌神话典故想象力美学
MythicAllusionsinJohnKeats'Poetry
Abstract
TheauthorinthisthesisattemptstoanalyzevariousmythicallusionsandtheirvariationsinJohnKeats'poetrytoshowKeats'greatinterestinGreekartandHolyBibleandhisprofoundknowledgeinliterature.InJohnKeats'Poetrytherearevariousmythicallusions,suchasNightingale,St.Agnes,Grecianurn,Ruthandsoonthatplayanimportantrole.Inordertomakethediscussionmoreclearly,theauthorclassifiesthesourcesofmythicallusionsintothreekinds:
Greeklegends,Biblicalstoriesandothertales.Fromtheanalysis,itcanbeseenthatmanymythicallusionsusedinKeats'poetryarenotonlyeasilycited,butalsoarevariedbyJohnKeatsthroughhisunderstandingandspontaneousoverflowoffeelinginthepoetry.Sowecanseethatthepoemsaremoremovingandreflecthispursuitofaestheticsinhispoetry.SomanymythicallusionsusedinKeats'poetryarerelatedtohispursuitsofaestheticsinhispoetry.Heholdsthat,"Beautyistruth,truthbeauty",allthethingofnaturalandtrutharebeautiful.Andconsidersthatimaginationisveryvitalinwritingpoems.Moreover,heemphasizesthespontaneousoverflowoffeelinginthepoetry.Therefore,theauthorthinksthatifreadersaremorefamiliarwithmythicallusionsinhispoems,theywillgetabetterunderstandingofhispoetryandhisaesthetics.Meanwhile,theauthorhopesthisthesiswillbehelpfultoreaderstoappreciatethepoetryinanewway.
Keywords:
mythicallusions,imagination,Pursuitsofaesthetics
Contents
1.Introduction
2.AnalyzeofMythicAllusionsinKeats'Poems
2.1AllusionsfromGreekLegends
2.1.1St.Agne
2.1.2Nightingale
2.1.3Grecian
2.2AllusionsfromBiblicalStories
2.2.1Ruth
2.2.2Manna
2.3AllusionsfromOtherTales
2.3.1Lamia
2.3.2Psyche
2.3.3Isabella
3.Conclusion
1.Introduction
AsoneofthemajorRomanticpoets,JohnKeats(1795-1821)writesmanyfamouspoemsinhisshortlife.Especiallyin1819,Keatsexperiencedaburstofenergyandwrotemanyoutstandingpoems,suchasTheEveofSt.Agnes,OdetoPsyche,OdeonaGrecianUrn,OdetoaNightingaleandsoon.ThenalotofresearchesaboutJohnKeats'poemshavebeendoneonsubject,love,sensuousimageryandothers.Whiletheauthorofthisthesisattemptstoanalyzevariousmythicallusionsandtheirvariationsinhispoetrysincethereisnoresearchinthisaspectbefore.LikeotherRomanticpoets,JohnKeatsisinterestedinoldstoriesandMedievalRomances.Hestudiesotherpoetsandreadsmanyclassicallegendswithanintensedelight.Soagreatdealofhispoetryisaffectedbythebeautifulmythology.Thenwecanfindagalleryofimages,especiallymythicimagesinhispoetry.
2.AnalysisofMythicAllusionsinKeats'Poetry
Inordertomakethediscussionclearer,theauthorclassifiesthesourcesofmythicallusionsfromthepoetryintothreekinds.ThefirstkindistheallusionsfromGreeklegends.ThesecondoneistheallusionsfromBiblicalstoriesandthelastoneistheallusionsfromothertales.
2.1AllusionsfromGreekLegends
2.1.1St.Agnes
Thereisafolklegend,inwhich,aRomanvirgincalledSt.Agnessacrifices
herselftoChristianity.SothereisaFeastonJanuary20theachyeartocommemorateher.Andit'ssaidthatifvirginsperformcertainritesontheeveofSt.Agnes,theywillhaveamagicvisionoftheirloversatmidnightintheirdreams."…uponSt.Agnes'Eve,Youngvirginsmighthavevisionsofdelight,AndsoftadoringfromtheirlovesreceiveUponthehoneyedmiddleofthenight,If.ceremoniesduetheydidaright".[1]Basedonthislegend,Keatswritesapoem.TheEveofSt.Agnes,wherehisimaginationisfullydisplayed.Itisaboutastorythatayoungloverslipsintothecastleandstealshislovefromherviolentandboorishfamily.Inthepoem,thesettingisamedievalcastleandthetimeistheeveoftheFeastofSt.Agnes.Madeline,thedaughterofthelordofthecastle,islookingforwardtomidnight,forshebelievesinthisoldlegend.Andinthesameevening,PorphyrowhoisinlovewithMadelinegetsintothecastleunobserved.AfterknowingthelegendofSt.Agnes,hewantstomakeMadeline'sbeliefbecometruebyhispresenceinherbedroomatmidnight.ThenwiththehelpofAngela,Madeline'soldnurse,heentersMadeline'schamberwherehehideshimselfinacloset."EventoMadeline'schamber,andtherehidehiminacloset,ofsuchprivacy[2].SoonMadelineentersandshedoesallritesthatisrequiredandthenfallsasleep."Hersoothedlimbs,andsoulfatiguedaway-flown,likeathought,untilthemorrow-day."[3]ThenPorphyrocomesoutoftheclosetandawakensherwithherlute.Finallyinordertolivetogether,theyleavethecastleundetectedlyandgooutintothestorm.ThewholestoryisaboutthefragileandbeautifulloveofMadelineandPorphyro.Itislikeapaintingthatisfilledwithcarefullyobservedandminutedetails.Thereader'sattentionisimmediatelycapturedandheldbytherichnessofdescription.BecauseofKeats'greatimagination,fromthebeginningweareimmediatelyattractedbyKeatsvividdescriptionandfollowtheonwardssightthatisverycleverlynarroweddowntoMadeline'sroom.Thedescriptionstartsfromthecoldchapel,tothedancingroom,thenAngela'sroomandfinallyupthestairs.'Thereisaverypowerfulsenseofmovingtowardsthecentralpartoftheplots.ThenweareinMadeline'sbedroomwhereherwishonSt.Agnes'Evecomestrue.ThenMadelineandPorphyroescape."Andtheyaregone-ay,ageslongagoTheseloversfledawayintothestorm."[4]AndhereKeatssuddenlychangesthetenseandturnsthepresentintothepast.Wearesuddenlyawarethatwhatwehavesubconsciouslyknownisjustanoldstory.Whileinthereading,wearetransportedconsciouslytoanotherperiod.OursurrendertothestoryislikeMadeline'sfascinationwiththelegend,andherdeterminationtoactitout."Sheclosedthedoor,shepantedallakinTospiritsofair,andvisionswide-Noutteredsyllable,or,woebetide!
"[5]Madeline'sentryintothestormislikethereaders'entryintothepoem.Andastheloversfleeawayintothestorm,Keatssharplyandneatlyremindsusthatthelegendisinadifferenttimefromus.Thelegendmayhavecometrue,butwearelivinginanothertimeandanotherplace.Itisamarvelousexamplethatshowscreativepoweroftheimagination.WhenwehavecometobelieveinthestoryofMadelineandPorphyroandareworriedabouttheirdestiny,theyaresuddenlydistancedfromus.Onlyatthattimedowerealizethattheyarejustthecreaturesofthepoet'sfertilebrain.ThenwecanseehowimportanttheimaginationisinKeats'poems.InanotherlongpoemEndymion,thesignificanceoftheimaginationisalsofullydisplayed.
EndymioninvolvesaromancefromGreeklegend,inwhich,thehandsomeshepherdEndymionasamortal,islovedbythegoddess'Dianaandfinallywinsimmortalbliss."Endymion,ashepherd'"DianasawhimnakedashesleptonmountLatmos,andwassostruckwithhisbeautythatshecamedowneverynightfromheaventoenjoyastheoriginalGreeklegend.Inthepoem,Endymionissearchingfortheidealbeautyorideallove.Keatsthinksthatwritingalongpoemonthislegendisatestofhisability,hiscreativeability.WecanseetheoriginalGreeklegendisonlya-paragraphlongbutKeatsistowritealongpoemwith4000lines.Sohehastofillinthespacethatisleftbythenarrativewithhisimagination.
2.1.2Nightingale
Nightingaleisafrequentallusioninwesternpoets'world.ItimpliesabeautifulandmovingGreeklegend.It'ssaidthatavirginisrapedbyherbrother-in-lawandafterthatsheissufferingthelossofhertongue.Thenshechangesherselfintoanightingale.Everynightshewhinesplaintivelytotellherpoignantpast.SoKeatsfeelsverygrievouswhenhehearstheplaintivesongofnightingale,whichstimulateshisinspirationtowriteOdetoaNightingale.Atthesametime,thesongofnightingalemakesKeatshappymomentarily,forgettingthetearsandfrustrationsofreality."Tisnotthroughenvyofthyhappylot,butbeingtoohappyinthinehappiness?
"[7]SoKeatslongsforadraughtofwine,whichwilltakehimoutofhimselfandallowhimtojoinhis'existencewiththenightingale."ThatImightdrink,andleavetheworldunseen,andwiththeefadeawayintotheforestdim?
"[8]Butinfact,histasteofhappinessinhearingthenightingalehasmadehimmoreawareoftheunhappinessoflife."Fadefaraway,dissolve,andquiteforgetwhatthouamongtheleaveshastneverknown.Theweariness,thefever,andthefrethere,Wheremensitandheareachothergroan;Wherepalsyshakesafew,sad,lastgreyhairs,Wherebuttothinkistobefullofsorrowandleaden-eyeddespairs."[9]Thenhewantstoescapefromlife,notbymeansofwine,butbyamuchmorepowerfulagent?
Theimagination."Away!
away!
forIwillflytothee,NotchariotedbyBacchusandhispards,ButontheviewlesswingsofPoesy."[10]Thenasherealizesthis,heis,inspirit,liftedupabovethetreesandcanseethemoonandthestars.Sincethereisonlyaglimmeringoflight,hecan'tseewhatflowersshouldbeinbloomatthetime,buth
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