六级考试阅读.docx
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六级考试阅读.docx
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六级考试阅读
阅读1
Sinceitsfoundationin1954,theUnitedNationshaswrittenintoitsmajorcovenants(契约)theneedtoestablishminimumagesformarriage.Butthecustomofmarriageisahighlysensitiveculturalissue,mainlybecauseitissounpleasantlyinvolvedwithwomen’srightsandsocietaltraditionsandpractices,andrulesonmarriagevarywidelybetweencountries.Somecountries,particularlyinWestAfrica,stilldonothavealegalminimumageformarriage.
IntheWest,a13-year-oldisstillconsideredachild.Evengettingmarriedinone’slateteensisnotusuallyencouragedbecausemarriedlifeislikelytointerferewithayoungwoman’seducationandconsequentlyrestrictopportunitiesinlaterlife.Andtherearealsophysicaldangersingivingbirthsoyoung.TheWorldHealthOrganizationhasoverthepasttenyearsidentifiedearlychildbirthasamajorcauseoffemalemortalityinmanycountries.
UnderIslamicreligiouslaw,theageofconsentforsexandmarriageispuberty,whichMuslimssayisinharmonywiththebiologicaltransitionfromchildhoodintoadulthood.InMuslimcountriessuchasSaudiArabia,IranandPakistan,theageofpubertyataround13or14isthelegalageformarriage,butinTurkeyitis15,andinEgyptandTunisia,18thesameminimumageasinmanyWesterncountries.Itisarguedthatbyallowingearliermarriages,Islamiclawispromotingstablerelationships,whileWesternlawsareencouragingpromiscuityamongyoungpeople.
Inmanycountries,thetrendsofurbanizationandeducationforgirlshaveseenadropinthenumberofchildbrides.However,earlymarriagescontinuetooccurinpoorruralareas,wheresocietyworksverymuchonpersonalarrangementbetweenfamilies,villagesandcommunities.Anditdoesn’tonlyhappenincountrieswhichdon’thavealegalminimumage.InIndia,forexample,thelegalageofmarriageforagirlis18andtoaboy,21.Yet,accordingtogovernmentstatistics,18percentoftentofourteen-yearoldgirlsinthepoor,ruralstateofRajasthaninthenorthwestofthecountryaremarried.Thereareobvioussocialandeconomicaladvantagesfordoingthis:
bymarryingofftheirdaughtersearly,familiesnolongerhavetoprovideforthem;andtheyoungerthebridethesmallerthedowry(嫁妆),orweddingprice,demandedbythegroom’sfamily.
Itisclear,then,thatchildmarriagesareconnectedwithpoverty,lackofeducationandruralcustomssuchasdowries;theredon’ttendtobeanychildmarriagesinurbanorrichareas.So,unlesstheserealcausesareaddressed,itwillbeextremelyhardtoenforcechange,evenwhenchangeisdictatedbyacountry’sgoverningbody.(451words)
1.Whatisthetopicofthispassage?
A.Childbrides. B.Earlymarriages.
C.Minimumageformarriage. D.Differentattitudestowardsearlymarriages.
2.Theword“promiscuity”(Line9,Para.3)means__.
A.unstablepartnershipB.firmpartnership C.diverserelationshipD.singlerelationship
3.____islikelytomarrylate.
A.Womenfromlesseducatedbackground B.Womenfromruralareas C.WomenfromIslamiccountries D.Womenfromcities
4.ChildmarriagesareNOTrelatedto__________accordingtothepassage.
A.socialpositionB.ruralcustoms C.personalarrangementsD.religion
5.Accordingtothepassage,gettingmarriedearlydoesallofthefollowingEXCEPT__________.
A.reducingayoungwoman’seducation B.limitingayoungwoman’schances
C.causinginfantdeath D.doingharmtoayoungwoman’shealth[答案]:
BCDAC
阅读2
Asyouallknow,theUnitedStatesisacountryonwheels.Nearlyeightmillionnewcarsaremadeeachyear;fourhouseholdsoutoffiveownatleastonecar,andmorethanaquarterhavetwoeach.Yetyou’llbesurprisedtolearnthatsomeofthecar-ownersevensufferfrommalnutrition(营养不良).
In1968,anation-widesurveyofmalnutritionwasmadeforthefirsttime.Itfoundthat10millionpeoplearesufferinginhealththroughinadequatefeeding;thecausesoftheirplight(困境)werevaried.Unemploymentoveralongperiodshouldbeconsideredasthemainfactor.Andunemployment,strangetosay,ninetimesoutoftenresultsfromautomation,bothinindustrialandagriculturalareas.Forexample,intheruralSouthwhenacottonplantationsuddenlycutsitsforcefrom100peopletothree,theproblemtohelpthedisplacedarises.Soisthecasewithindustrialautomation.Infact,probably2millionjobsaremadeunnecessaryeachyearinthewholecountryasaresultoftheautomationprocess,thusmakingunemploymentachiefsocialconcern.Accordingtogovernmentstatistics,thenumberofpeopleunemployedwasover5percentfortheperiodfrom1958to1963.InJuly1981,itroseto7.8percent.Asamatteroffact,ithaslongbeenknownthatevenduringthemostprosperousperiodstherehavebeenpeoplewithoutenoughtoeat.SoIthinkthat’swhyPresidentKennedysaidinhisinaugurationspeechin1961,ifthegovernmentdidnothelpthepoor,itcouldnotsavetherich.
In1966,theSocialSecurityAdministrationcalculatedthatafamilyoffourneededanincomeof$3,355ayeartobeabovethelineofpoverty.Andin1977,theaveragepovertylineofthecountrywasslightlymorethan$6,200annualincomeforanon-farmfamilyoffour.AccordingtotheSocialSecurityAct,familiesofthatsizebelowpovertylineareeligibletoreceivebenefitsfromthespecialwelfareprogram.Theaverageweeklypaymentofbenefitsnowisequivalentto36percentoftheworker’snormalwage.Andthenumberofpeoplewhoreceivegovernmentbenefitsisincreasing.In1973,socialinsurancepaymentsbygovernments,mainlytooldagepensionersandpeoplewhohadlosttheirjobsorwereoffworkthroughillness,amountedto$86,000million.Thosenotfullyqualifiedforinsurancepaymentsreceived$29,000millioninpublicaid.
Butproblemsstillexist.Manypeoplearenotreachedbytheanti-povertyprogram,becauselocalauthoritiesandagenciesdonotwanttoplaytheirpartordonotgavetheresourcestodoso.Somepoorpeoplewillnotaccepthelpforvariousreasons.Ofcourse,therearesomemoreimportantfactorswhichlieinthestructureofthesociety,butIdon’tconsideritnecessarytodigintothemhere.Yetwewillperhapsagreethatsocialwelfareprogramshavesolvedtosomeextenttheproblemsoffeeding,clothingandhousingthosebelowthepovertyline.Onthewhole,itperhapsmightbesaidthatAmericanpeoplearelivingabetterlifethanpeopleinmostothercountries.
1.TheUnitedStatesiscalledacountryonwheelsbecause______.
A.aboutone-fourthAmericansowntwocars B.abitoveroneoutoffourhouseholdsaretheownersoftwocars
C.nearly8millionnewcarsdriveinthecountryeveryyear D.80%Americanshaveatleastonecar
2.Accordingtoa1968survey,tenmillionAmericansfoundthemselvesinadifficulthealthsituationchieflydueto_______.
A.inadequatefeeding B.malnutrition C.unemployment D.automation
3.Theauthoruse”thedisplaced”(Line9,Para.2)torefertothosewhoare_______.
A.unemployed B.disabled C.sick D.poor
4.Theword“eligible”(Line6,Para.3)issynonymouswith“_______”
A.necessary B.urgent C.needed D.worthy
5.Americansarelivingabetterlifethanthoseinmostofothercountriesbecause,tosomedegree,_____.
A.manyAmericansreceivebenefitsfromthespecialwelfareprogram
B.somepoorpeoplecanreceivehelpforsomereasonorother
C.thereistheanti-povertyprogramintheU.S.
D.socialwelfareprogramshavesomemeasuresettledtheproblemsofthosebelowthepovertyline.答案:
BCADD
阅读3
AscientificpanelconvenedbytheWorldHealthOrganizationrecommendedguidelinesonFridayfordoctorsconductingclinicalstudiesofSARSpatients.Thepanelurgeddoctorstoapplytheguidelinesinanalyzingthemassesofpotentiallyusefulinformationaboutvarioustherapiesthatwerecollectedinthisyear’sepidemic.Muchofthatinformationhasnotbeenpublishedoranalyzed.
“Itisamatterofurgencytogetbetteranalysisandreview,”saidDr.SimonMardel,aWHOofficialwholedthetwo-daymeetingthatendedonFriday.HesaidthousandsofpotentialtherapiesandcompoundshadbeentestedsofarasresearcherstrytodeterminetreatmentsforSARS,orsevereacuterespiratorysyndrome.“WerecognizethathavingnotreatmentforSARSishinderingourabilitytocontrolanepidemicinsomanyways.”Hesaid.
Intheepidemicearlierthisyear,varioustreatments,likedrugstofightthevirusorstrengthentheimmunesystem,aswellastraditionalChinesemedicine,weredeliveredunderemergencyconditions,inwidelydifferentsettingsandcountriestopatientssufferingfromvaryingstagesoftheillness.Thoseconditions—generallywithoutstandardizedmeasurementsorcontrolledsituations—havemadeithardtointerpretresults.
Standardsupportivetherapylikenursing,andinseverecasestheuseofmechanicalrespirators(呼吸器)tohelppatientsbreathe,isthemainstay(主要支持)ofSARScare,andhelpedmanypatientssurvive.ButdoctorsstilldonotknowhowbesttotreatSARSpatientswhohavebreathingdifficulties.Dr.Mardelsaid.Onemethodisinvasiveventilation.Asecondmethodinvolvesblowingoxygenintothelungsthroughamask.Bothcarrytheriskoftransmittingthevirustohospitalemployees.Withoutproperanalysis,thepanelwasunabletosaydefinitivelywhichtreatmentworkedbest,orwhichcausedthemostharm.“Thereisalackofsharedinformation,”Dr.Mardelsaid,notingthatalotofdatahavenotbeenpublished.
Thepanelalsoagreedonguidelinesthatwouldallowdoctorstoconductquickandsafeclinicaltrials,aprocessthatgenerallytakesyearstocomplete.TheworldHealthOrganization,aUnitedNationsagencydidnotreleasetheguidelines.Dr.Mardels
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