阅读理解专题系列.docx
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阅读理解专题系列.docx
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阅读理解专题系列
2009~2013年高考真题备选题库
阅读理解专题系列
专题一 细节理解
(2013·课标Ⅰ,D)
TheNationalGallery
Description:
TheNationalGalleryistheBritishnationalartmuseumbuiltonthenorthsideofTrafalgarSquareinLondon.Ithousesadiversecollectionofmorethan2,300examplesofEuropeanartrangingfrom13thcenturyreligiouspaintingstomoremodernonesbyRenoirandVanGogh.TheoldercollectionsofthegalleryarereachedthroughthemainentrancewhilethemoremodernworksintheEastWingaremosteasilyreachedfromTrafalgarSquarebyagroundfloorentrance.
Layout:
ThemodernSainsburyWingonthewesternsideofthebuildinghouses13thto15thcenturypaintings,andartistsincludeDuccio,Uccello,VanEyck,Lippi,Mantegna,BotticelliandMemling.
ThemainWestWinghouses16thcenturypaintings,andartistsincludeLeonardodaVinci,Cranach,Michelangelo,Raphael,Bruegel,Bronzino,TitianandVeronese.
TheNorthWinghouses17thcenturypaintings,andartistsincludeCaravaggio,Rubens,Poussin,VanDyck,Velázquez,ClaudeandVermeer.
TheEastWinghouses18thtoearly20thcenturypaintings,andartistsincludeCanaletto,Goya,Turner,Constable,RenoirandVanGogh.
OpeningHours:
TheGalleryisopeneverydayfrom10amto6pm(Fridays10amto9pm)andisfree,butchargesapplytosomespecialexhibitions.
GettingThere:
Nearestundergroundstations:
CharingCross(2minutewalk),LeicesterSquare(3minutewalk),Embankment(7minutewalk),andPiccadillyCircus(8minutewalk).
语篇解读:
本文是英国国家美术馆(TheNationalGallery)的参观指南,主要介绍了它的藏品、布局、开放时间及周边的交通状况。
68.Inwhichcentury'scollectioncanyouseereligiouspaintings?
A.The13th. B.The17th.
C.The18th.D.The20th.
解析:
选A 细节理解题。
根据Description部分中的第二句“Ithousesadiversecollectionofmorethan2,300examplesofEuropeanartrangingfrom13thcenturyreligiouspaintings”可知,在13世纪的藏品中含有宗教绘画作品。
69.WhereareLeonardodaVinci'sworksshown?
A.IntheEastWing.B.InthemainWestWing.
C.IntheSainsburyWing.D.IntheNorthWing.
解析:
选B 细节理解题。
根据Layout部分中的第二段内容可知,LeonardodaVinci的作品在“themainWestWing”展出。
70.WhichundergroundstationisclosesttotheNationalGallery?
A.PiccadillyCircus.B.LeicesterSquare.
C.Embankment.D.CharingCross.
解析:
选D 细节理解题。
根据GettingThere部分中提供的信息可知,从CharingGross至英国国家美术馆走路只需两分钟,因此这个地铁站距离英国国家美术馆最近。
(2013·课标Ⅱ,D)
LowCostGiftsforMother'sDay
GiftNo.1
Offertobeyourmother'shealthfriend.Promisetobethereforanyandalldoctor'svisitswhetheradiseaseoraregularmedicalcheckup.Mostmothersalwayssay“noneed,”butanothersetofeyesandearsisalwaysagoodideaatadoctor'svisit.Thebestpart?
Thisoneisfree.
GiftNo.2
Helpyourmotherorganizeallofhermedicalrecords,whichincludethetestresultsandmedicalinformation.Putthemallinoneplace.Besuretomakealistofallofhermedicinesandwhattimesshetakesthem.“Havingallthisinformationinoneplacecouldendupsavingyourmother'slife,”Dr.MarieSavardsaid.
GiftNo.3
Enoughsleepisconnectedtogeneralhealthconditions.“Buyyourmothercottonsheetsandcomfortablepillowstoencouragebettersleep,”Savardsaid.“Weknowthatgoodsleepisveryimportanttoourhealth.”
GiftNo.4
SomegiftcompaniessuchasPresentsforPurposeallowyoutopayitforwardthisMother'sDaybypickinggiftsinwhich10percentofthepriceyoupaygoestoacharity(慈善机构).Giftgiverscanchoosefromawidevarietyofusefulbutinexpensivethings—manyofwhichare“green”—andthenchooseameaningfulcharityfromalist.Whenyourmothergetsthegift,shewillbetoldthatshehashelpedthechosencharity.
68.Whatareyouadvisedtodoforyourmotheratdoctor'svisits?
A.Takenotes.B.Bewithher.
C.Buymedicine.D.Givehergifts.
解析:
选B 细节理解题。
由GiftNO.1中的第二句话“Promisetobethereforanyandalldoctor'svisitswhetheradiseaseoraregularmedicalcheckup.”可知,此处建议读者在医生来访时要陪伴母亲。
69.Whatcanbeagiftoforganizationforyourmother?
A.Keepinghermedicalinformationtogether.
B.Buyingallgiftsforherfromonecompany.
C.Makingalistofhermedicalcheckups.
D.Storinghermedicinesinasafeplace.
解析:
选A 细节理解题。
根据GiftNO.2的内容可知答案为A项。
70.Wherecanyoufindagiftideatoimproveyourmother'ssleep?
A.InGiftNo.1.B.InGiftNo.2.
C.InGiftNo.3.D.InGiftNo.4.
解析:
选C 细节理解题。
由GiftNO.3中的内容可知本题选C。
71.BuyinggiftsfromPresentsforPurposeallowsmothersto________.
A.enjoygoodsleepB.bewellorganized
C.getextrasupportD.giveothershelp
解析:
选D 细节理解题。
由GiftNO.4中的最后一句可知本题选D。
(2013·北京,D)
Multitasking
Peoplewhomultitaskallthetimemaybetheworstatdoingtwothingsatonce,anewresearchsuggests.Thefindings,basedonperformancesandselfevaluationsbyabout275collegestudents,indicatethatmanypeoplemultitasknotoutofadesiretoincreaseproductivity,butbecausetheyareeasilydistracted(分心)andcan'tfocusononeactivity.And“thosepeopleturnouttobetheworstathandlingdifferentthings,”saidDavidSanbonmatsu,apsychologistattheUniversityofUtah.
Sanbonmatsuandhiscolleaguesgavethestudentsasetoftestsandaskedthemtoreporthowoftentheymultitasked,howgoodtheythoughttheywereatit,andhowsensationseeking(寻求刺激)orimpulstive(冲动)theywere.Theythenevaluatedtheparticipants'multitaskingabilitywithatrickymentaltaskthatrequiredthestudentstodosimplemathematicalcalculationswhilerememberingasetofletters.
Notsurprisingly,thescientistssaid,mostpeoplethoughttheywerebetterthanaverageatmultitasking,andthosewhothoughttheywerebetteratitweremorelikelytoreportusingacellphonewhiledrivingorviewingmultiplekindsofmediaatonce.Butthosewhofrequentlydealwithmanythingsatthesametimewerefoundtoperformtheworstattheactualmultitaskingtest.Theyalsoweremorelikelytoadmittosensationseekingandimpulsivebehavior,whichconnectswithhoweasilypeoplegetboredanddistracted.
“Peoplemultitasknotbecauseit'sgoingtoleadtogreaterproductivity,butbecausethey'redistractible,andtheygetsuckedintothingsthatarenotasimportant.”Sanbonmatsusaid.
AdamGazzaley,aresearcherattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanFrancisco,whowasnotamemberoftheresearchgroup,saidonelimitationofthestudywasthatitcouldn'tfindoutwhetherpeoplewhostartoutlessfocusedtendtowardmultitaskingorwhetherpeople'srecognizingandunderstandingabilitieschangeasaresultofmultitasking.
Thefindingsdosuggest,however,whythesensationseekerswhomultitaskthemostmayenjoyriskydistracteddriving.“Peoplewhoaremultitaskingaregenerallylesssensitivetoriskysituations,”saidPaulAtchley,anotherresearchernotinthegroup.“Thismaypartlyexplainwhypeoplegoinforthesesituationseventhoughthey'redangerous.”
语篇解读:
本文为一篇科普文,介绍了Sanbonmatsu与他的同事们的一项研究结果:
同时做很多事情的人往往会有最糟糕的结果,这是因为这些人做事情不专心,他们不能对潜在的危险作出迅速的反应。
67.TheresearchledbySanbonmatsuindicatesthatpeoplewhomultitask________.
A.seekhighproductivityconstantly
B.preferhandlingdifferentthingswhengettingbored
C.aremorefocusedwhendoingmanythingsatatime
D.havethepoorestresultsindoingvariousthingsatthesametime
解析:
选D 细节理解题。
根据第一段第一句内容可知,由Sanbonmatsu的研究表明同时做很多事情的人往往会有最差的结果。
此外,第三段第二句的内容也是提示。
68.WhenSanbonmatsuandhiscolleaguesconductedtheirresearch,they________.
A.assessedthemultitaskingabilityofthestudents
B.evaluatedtheacademicachievementsofthestudents
C.analyzedtheeffectsoftheparticipants'trickymentaltasks
D.measuredthechangesofthestudents'understanding
ability
解析:
选A 细节理解题。
根据第二段第二句的内容可知,他和同事在进行研究时,评估了学生的多任务处理能力。
69.AccordingtoSanbonmatsu,peoplemultitaskbecauseoftheir________.
A.limitedpowerincalculation
B.interestsindoingthingsdifferently
C.inabilitytoconcentrateononetask
D.impulsivedesiretotrynewthings
解析:
选C 细节理解题。
根据第一段后半部分中的“butbecausetheyareeasilydistracted(分心)andcan'tfocusononeactivity”可知,人们进行多项任务的原因是他们不具备专注于一项任务的能力。
此外,倒数第三段的内容也是提示。
70.Fromthelastparagraph,wecanlearnthatmultitaskersusually________.
A.driveveryskillfully
B.goinfordifficulttasks
C.failtoreactquicklytopotentialdangers
D.refusetoexplainthereasonsfortheirbehavior
解析:
选C 推理判断题。
根据最后一段中的“Peoplewhoaremultitaskingaregenerallylesssensitivetoriskysituations”可知,喜欢同时进行多项任务的人一般对危险情况不太敏感,由此可推断他们通常不能对潜在的危险做出快速的反应。
(2013·浙江,B)
Belowisaselectionfromapopularsciencebook.
Ifbloodisred,whyareveins(静脉)blue?
Actually,veinsarenotblueatall.Theyaremoreofaclear.yellowishcolour,Althoughbloodlooksredwhenit'soutsidethebody,whenit'ssittinginaveinnearthesurfaceoftheskin,it'smoreofadarkreddishpurplecolour.Attherightdepth,thesebloodfilledveinsreflectlessredlightthanthesurroundingskin,makingthemlookbluebycomparison.
Whichworksharder,yourheartoryourbrain?
Thatkindofdependsonwhetheryou'rebusythinkingorbusyexercising.Yourheartworksuptothreetimesharderduringexercise,andshiftsenoughbloodoveralifetimetofillasupertanker.But,inthelongrun,yourbrainprobablytipsit,becauseevenwhenyou'resittingstillyourbrainisusingtwiceasmuchenergyasyourheart,andittakesfourtofivetimesasmuchbloodtofeedit.
Whydoteethfallout,andwhydon'ttheygrowbackingrownups?
Baby(or“milk”)teethdonotlastlong;theyfallouttomakeroomforbigger,strongeradultteethlateron.Adultteethfalloutwhentheybecomedamaged,decayedandinfectedbybacteria.Oncethissecondsetofteethhasgrownin,you'redone.Whenthey'regone,they'regone.Thisisbecausenaturefiguresyou'resetforlife,andwhatcontrolsregrowthofyourteethswitchesoff.
Dooldpeopleshrinkastheyage?
Yesandno.Manypeopledogetshorterastheyage.But,whentheyd
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