秋季学期《科技英语》在线考试适用于份考试满分标准答案.docx
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秋季学期《科技英语》在线考试适用于份考试满分标准答案.docx
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秋季学期《科技英语》在线考试适用于份考试满分标准答案
二、阅读理解(共1道试题,共10分。
)V1.
Peoplecanbeaddictedtodifferentthings─e.g.,alcohol,drugs,certainfoods,oreventelevision.Peoplewhohavesuchanaddictionarecompulsive,i.e.,theyhaveaverypowerfulpsychologicalneedthattheyfeeltheymustsatisfy.Accordingtopsychologists,manypeoplearecompulsivespenders;Theyfeelthattheymustspendmoney.Thiscompulsion,likemostothers,isirrational─impossibletoexplainreasonably.Forcompulsivespenderswhobuyoncredit,chargeaccountsareevenmoreexcitingthanmoney.Inotherwords,compulsivespendersfeelthatwithcredit,theycandoanything.Theirpleasureinspendingenormousamountsisactuallygreaterthanthepleasurethattheygetfromthethingstheybuy.
Thereisevenaspecialpsychologyofbargain-hunting.Tosavemoney,ofcourse,mostpeoplelookforsales,lowprices,anddiscounts.Compulsivebargainhunters,however,oftenbuythingsthattheydon’tneedjustbecausetheyarecheap.Theywanttobelievethattheyarehelpingtheirbudgets,buttheyarereallyplayinganexcitinggame;whentheycanbuysomethingforlessthanotherpeople,theyfeelthattheyarewinning.Mostpeople,expertsclaim,havetworeasonsfortheirbehavior:
agoodreasonforthethingsthattheydoandtherealreason.
Itisnotonlyscientists,ofcourse,whounderstandthepsychologyofspendinghabits,butalsobusinesspeople.Stores,companies,andadvertisersusepsychologytoincreasebusiness.Theyconsiderpeople’sneedsforlove,power,orinfluence,theirbasicvalues,theirbeliefsandopinions,andsoonintheiradvertisingandsalesmethods.
Psychologistsoftenuseamethodcalled“behaviortherapy”tohelpindividualssolvetheirpersonalityproblems.Inthesameway,theycanhelppeoplewhofeelthattheyhaveproblemswithmoney.
1).Accordingtothepsychologistsacompulsivespenderisonewhospendslargeamountsofmoney().
A.andtakesgreatpleasurefromwhatheorshebuys
B.inordertosatisfyhisorherbasicneedsinlife
C.justtomeethisorherstrongpsychologicalneed
D.entirelywithanirrationaleagerness
满分:
2分C
2).Accordingtothewriter,compulsivebargainhuntersareinconstantsearchofthelowestpossibleprices().
A.becausetheywanttosavemoneytohelptheirbudgets
B.becausetheycanopenlyboastoftheirtriumphoverothersingettingthingsforless
C.andwillnothavemoneyproblemsiftheycankeeptotheirbudgets
D.buttheyseldomadmittheyfeelsatisfiediftheycangetthingsforlessthanothers
满分:
2分A
3).WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?
A.Allpeoplespendmoneyforexactlythesamereasonthattheyneedtobuythings.
B.
Businesspeopleandadvertiserscanusethepsychologyofmoneytoincreasesales
C.Businesspeopleunderstandthepsychologyofcompulsivebuyingbetterthanscientistsdo
D.compulsivebargainhuntersdonothaveproblemswithmoney.
满分:
2分B
4).Thearticleismainlyabout().
A.thepsychologyofmoney–spendinghabits
B.thepurchasinghabitsofcompulsivespenders
C.aspecialpsychologyofbargainhunting
D.theuseofthepsychologyofspendinghabitsinbusiness
满分:
2分A
5).Fromthepassagewemaysafelyconcludethatcompulsivespendersorcompulsivebargainhunters()
A.arereallyunreasonable
B.needspecialtreatment
C.arereallybeyondremedies
D.cannevergetanyhelptosolvetheirproblemswithmoney
满分:
2分B
三、阅读理解(共1道试题,共10分。
)V1.
Geologyisanaturalscience.Withitmencandiscoverallkindsofusefulminerals.Geologystudiestheearth.Butofthethreespheres,theatmosphere,thehydrosphereandthelithosphere,itonlydirectlystudiesthelithosphere.Itstudiesthecompositionanddistributionofmaterialintheearth’scrust.Itstudiesalsotheformation,changesanddevelopmentofrocksandmineralsintheearth’scrust.
Geologyisaverycomplexscience.Therearemanybranchesingeology.Mineralogyisthescienceoftheminerals.Petrologyisthescienceoftherocks.Geomorphologydealswithoriginoflandscapesandchangesinthem.Historicalgeologytracestheevolutionanddevelopmentoftheearthandoftheanimalsandplantsonit.Stratigraphystudiesthesequenceoftherocksintheearth’scrust.Paleontologydealswiththeancientanimalsandplants.Thesearejustafewofthemostimportantbranchesofgeology.
Geologyisaveryimportantscience.Wedependupongeologyforthediscoveryofmineraldepositsneededbythevariousindustries.Alotofmineralsareusedasfuelandrawmaterials.Withoutthemindustrializationisimpossible.Mineralsarealsousedasfertilizersinagriculture.Chinaisveryrichinmineraldepositsofallkinds.Thestudyofgeologywillhelpustodiscoverthem.
Petroleumoccurswidelyintheearthasgas,liquid,semisolid,orsolid,orinmorethanoneofthesestatesatasingleplace.Chemicallyanypetroleumisanextremelycomplexmixtureofhydrocarbon(hydrogenandcarbon)compounds,withminoramountsofnitrogen,oxygen,andsulfurasimpurities.Liquidpetroleum,whichiscalledcrudeoiltodistinguishitfromrefinedoil,isthemostimportantcommercially.Itconsistschieflyoftheliquidhydrocarbons,withvaryingamountsofdissolvedgases,bitumens,andimpurities.
Petroleumgas,commonlycallednaturalgastodistinguishitfrommanufacturedgas,consistsofthelighterparaffinhydrocarbons,ofwhichthemostabundantismethanegas(CH4).Thesemisolidandsolidformsofpetroleumconsistoftheheavyhydrocarbonsandbitumens.
Geologyplaysanimportantroleinthesearchforoilandnaturalgas.Fourprerequisitesarenecessaryforoil(andgas)toaccumulateincommercialquantitiesinanarea:
(1)Theoiloriginatesinasourcebed,andamarineshale,onceablackmudrichinorganiccompounds,isthoughttobeacommonsourcerock.
(2)Theoilthenmigratestoapermeablereservoirrock,andtodothisitmaytravelforlongdistancesbothverticallyandhorizontally.Oilcannotmovethroughthetinyopeningsoftheshalesourcebedsrapidlyenoughtobeextractedprofitably.(3)Anonpermeablelayermustoccuraboveareservoirbed.Sinceoilislighterthanwater,ittendstomoveupwardthroughopeningsandcracksuntilitencountersimperviousbedsthatitcannotpenetrate.Theoilmaythenaccumulatebeneaththeimperviouslayers.Somegasoccursinsolutionwithintheoil,andifenoughispresentitseparatesouttooccupytheuppermostregionofsuchatrap.(4)Afavorablestructuremustexisttoconcentratetheoilandanticlines,saltplugs,andfaultsarecommonexamples.Afaultzonemayitselfbeimpervious,orfaultingmayhaveshiftedanimperviousbedsothatitnowblocksareservoirbed.Stratigraphictrapstendtobemoredifficulttolocateandmayformwheretiltedreservoirbedsareoverlainunconformablybyimperviouslayersorwherethereservoirbedsbecomethinnerup-dipandwedgeoutwithinenclosingimperviousbeds.Thusoilthatwasoncedistributedinsparseamountsthroughoutaverylargevolumeofrockmaynowberichlyconcentratedwithintheuppermostportionsoffavorablereservoirrocks.
Thetaskofthegeologististhelocationofpromisingstructuresinregionswhererocksarefavorablefortheoccurrenceoftheotherprerequisites.Drillingaholeisthentheonlyknownmethodofdeterminingwhetherornotoilispresentinthestructure.
1).Whatismainlydealtwithinthepassage?
A.Theformationofoil.
B.Theformationofrocks.
C.Thegeneralintroductionofgeology.
D.Therolesofgeologyinfindingoil.
满分:
2分C
2).GeologyisanaturalscienceanditdoesNOTstudy______.
A.themineralsintheearth’scrust
B.therocksintheearth’scrust
C.theevolutionanddevelopmentoftheearth
D.theoriginoftheatmospheresurroundingtheearth
满分:
2分D
3).Oneprerequisiteforoiltoaccumulateinquantityisthattheoiloriginatesin______.
A.asourcerock
B.ablackmud
C.theseawater
D.organiccompounds
满分:
2分A
4).Intheformationofoil,anonpermeablelayeraboveareservoirbedisnecessarybecauseitcan______.
A.acceleratethetravelspeedoftheoil
B.hindertheoiltomoveupward
C.helptheoiltomoveupward
D.helppeopletodiscovertheoil
满分:
2分B
5).WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?
A.Drillingaholeisoneoftheknownmethodsofdeterminingwhetherornotoilispresentinthestructure.
B.Ageologistusuallytriestolocatepromisingstructuresinregionswhererocksarefavorablefortheoccurrenceoftheotherprerequisites.
C.Anunfavorablestructuremustexisttoconcentratetheoil.
D.Apermeablelayermustoccuraboveareservoirbed.
满分:
2分B
四、完型填空(共1道试题,共10分。
)V1.
Inrecentyearsanewfarmingrevolutionhasbegun,onethatinvolvesthemanipulationoflifeata
(1)level—thegene.Thestudyofgeneticshas
(2)anewindustrycalledbiotechnology.Asthenamesuggest,itincorporatesbiology(3)modemtechnologythroughsuchtechniquesasgeneticengineering.Someofthenewbiotechcompaniesspecializeinagricultureandareworkingpassionatelyto(4)seedsthatgiveahighyield,that(5)diseases,droughtandfrost,andthatreducetheneedfor(6)chemicals.Ifsuchgoalscouldbeachieved,itwouldbemost(7).Butsomehaveraisedconcernsaboutgeneticallyengineeredcrops.
Innature,geneticdiversityiscreatedwithincertain(8).Arosecanbecrossedwithadifferentkindofrose,butarosewillnevercrosswithapotato.Geneticengineering,(9)usuallyinvolvestakinggenesfromonespeciesandinsertingthemintoanother(10)totransferadesiredcharacteristic.Thiscouldmean,forexample,selectingagenewhichleadstotheproductionofachemicalwithanti-f
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