13项目管理术语英中对照表.docx
- 文档编号:29131782
- 上传时间:2023-07-20
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:136
- 大小:61.69KB
13项目管理术语英中对照表.docx
《13项目管理术语英中对照表.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《13项目管理术语英中对照表.docx(136页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
13项目管理术语英中对照表
项目管理术语英/中对照表
英文术语
中文翻译
定义
Accept
验收
Theactofformallyreceivingoracknowledgingsomethingandregardingitasbeingtrue,sound,suitable,orcomplete.
Acceptance
验收
Seeaccept
AcceptanceCriteria
验收标准
Thosecriteria,includingperformancerequirementsandessentialconditions,whichmustbemetbeforeprojectdeliverablesareaccepted.
AcquireProjectTeam[Process]
组建项目团队
Theprocessofobtainingthehumanresourcesneededtocompletetheproject.
Activity
活动
Acomponentofworkperformedduringthecourseofaproject.Seealsoscheduleactivity.
ActivityAttributes[Output/Input]
活动属性
Multipleattributesassociatedwitheachscheduleactivitythatcanbeincludedwithintheactivitylist.Activityattributesincludeactivitycodes,predecessoractivities,successoractivities,logicalrelationships,leadsandlags,resourcerequirements,imposeddates,constraints,andassumptions.
ActivityCode
活动编码
Oneormorenumericalortextvaluesthatidentifycharacteristicsoftheworkorinsomewaycategorizethescheduleactivitythatallowsfilteringandorderingofactivitieswithinreports.
ActivityDefinition[Process]
活动定义
Theprocessofidentifyingthespecificscheduleactivitiesthatneedtobeperformedtoproducethevariousprojectdeliverables.
ActivityDescription(AD)
活动描述
Ashortphraseorlabelforeachscheduleactivityusedinconjunctionwithanactivityidentifiertodifferentiatethatprojectscheduleactivityfromotherscheduleactivities.Theactivitydescriptionnormallydescribesthescopeofworkofthescheduleactivity.
ActivityDuration
活动历时
Thetimeincalendarunitsbetweenthestartandfinishofascheduleactivity.Seealsoactualduration,originalduration,andremainingduration.
ActivityDurationEstimating[Process]
活动历时估算
Theprocessofestimatingthenumberofworkperiodsthatwillbeneededtocompleteindividualscheduleactivities.
ActivityIdentifier
活动标识符
Ashortuniquenumericortextidentificationassignedtoeachscheduleactivitytodifferentiatethatprojectactivity*fromotheractivities.Typicallyuniquewithinanyoneprojectschedulenetworkdiagram.
ActivityList[Output/Input]
活动列表
Adocumentedtabulationofscheduleactivitiesthatshowstheactivitydescription,activityidentifier,andasufficientlydetailedscopeofworkdescriptionsoprojectteammembersunderstandwhatworkistobeperformed.
Activity-on-Arrow(AOA)
AOA、双代号法
Seearrowdiagrammingmethod.
Activity-on-Node(AON)
AON、单代号法
Seeprecedencediagrammingmethod.
ActivityResourceEstimating[Process]
活动资源估算
Theprocessofestimatingthetypesandquantitiesofresourcesrequiredtoperformeachscheduleactivity.
ActivitySequencing[Process]
活动排序
Theprocessofidentifyinganddocumentingdependenciesamongscheduleactivities.
ActualCost(AC)
实际成本
Totalcostsactuallyincurredandrecordedinaccomplishingworkperformedduringagiventimeperiodforascheduleactivityorworkbreakdownstructurecomponent.Actualcostcansometimesbedirectlaborhoursalone,directcostsalone,orallcostsincludingindirectcosts.Alsoreferredtoastheactualcostofworkperformed(ACWP).Seealsoearnedvaluemanagementandearnedvaluetechnique.
ActualCostofWorkPerformed(ACWP)
已执行工作的实际成本
Seeactualcost(AC).
ActualDuration
实际历时
Thetimeincalendarunitsbetweentheactualstartdateofthescheduleactivityandeitherthedatadateoftheprojectscheduleifthescheduleactivityisinprogressortheactualfinishdateifthescheduleactivityiscomplete.
ActualFinishDate(AF)
实际完成日期
Thepointintimethatworkactuallyendedonascheduleactivity.
(Note:
Insomeapplicationareas,thescheduleactivityisconsidered“finished”when
workis“substantiallycomplete.”)
ActualStartDate(AS)
实际开始日期
Thepointintimethatworkactuallystartedonascheduleactivity.
AnalogousEstimating[Technique]
类比估算
Anestimatingtechniquethatusesthevaluesofparameters,suchasscope,cost,budget,anddurationormeasuresofscalesuchassize,weight,andcomplexityfromaprevious,similaractivityasthebasisforestimatingthesameparameterormeasureforafutureactivity.Itisfrequentlyusedtoestimateaparameterwhenthereisalimitedamountofdetailedinformationabouttheproject(e.g.,intheearlyphases).Analogousestimatingisaformofexpertjudgment.Analogousestimatingismostreliablewhenthepreviousactivitiesaresimilarinfactandnotjustinappearance,andtheprojectteammemberspreparingtheestimateshavetheneededexpertise.
ApplicationArea
应用领域
Acategoryofprojectsthathavecommoncomponentssignificantinsuchprojects,butarenotneededorpresentinallprojects.Applicationareasareusuallydefinedintermsofeithertheproduct(i.e.,bysimilartechnologiesorproductionmethods)orthetypeofcustomer(i.e.,internalversusexternal,governmentversuscommercial)orindustrysector(i.e.,utilities,automotive,aerospace,informationtechnologies).Applicationareascanoverlap.
ApportionedEffort(AE)
分配的工作量
Effortappliedtoprojectworkthatisnotreadilydivisibleintodiscreteeffortsforthatwork,butwhichisrelatedindirectproportiontomeasurablediscreteworkefforts.Contrastwithdiscreteeffort.
Approval
批准
Seeapprove
Approve
批准
Theactofformallyconfirming,sanctioning,ratifying,oragreeingtosomething.
ApprovedChangeRequest
已批准的变更请求
Achangerequestthathasbeenprocessedthroughtheintegratedchangecontrolprocessandapproved.Contrastwithrequestedchange.
Arrow
箭线
Thegraphicpresentationofascheduleactivityinthearrowdiagrammingmethodoralogicalrelationshipbetweenscheduleactivitiesintheprecedencediagramming
method.
ArrowDiagrammingMethod(ADM)
箭线图
Aschedulenetworkdiagrammingtechniqueinwhichscheduleactivitiesarerepresentedbyarrows.Thetailofthearrowrepresentsthestart,andtheheadrepresentsthefinishofthescheduleactivity.(Thelengthofthearrowdoesnotrepresenttheexpecteddurationofthescheduleactivity.)Scheduleactivitiesareconnectedatpointscallednodes(usuallydrawnassmallcircles)toillustratethesequenceinwhichthescheduleactivitiesareexpectedtobeperformed.
Seealsoprecedencediagrammingmethod.
As-ofDate
截止日期
Seedatadate
Assumptions[Output/Input]
假设
Assumptionsarefactorsthat,forplanningpurposes,areconsideredtobetrue,real,orcertainwithoutproofordemonstration.Assumptionsaffectallaspectsofprojectplanning,andarepartoftheprogressiveelaborationoftheproject.Projectteamsfrequentlyidentify,document,andvalidateassumptionsaspartoftheirplanningprocess.Assumptionsgenerallyinvolveadegreeofrisk.
AssumptionsAnalysis[Technique]
假设分析
Atechniquethatexplorestheaccuracyofassumptionsandidentifiesriskstotheprojectfrominaccuracy,inconsistency,orincompletenessofassumptions.
Authority
职权
Therighttoapplyprojectresources*,expendfunds,makedecisions,orgiveapprovals
BackwardPass
逆推法
Thecalculationoflatefinishdatesandlatestartdatesfortheuncompletedportionsofallscheduleactivities.Determinedbyworkingbackwardsthroughtheschedulenetworklogicfromtheproject’senddate.Theenddatemaybecalculatedinaforwardpassorsetbythecustomerorsponsor.Seealsoschedulenetworkanalysis.
BarChart[Tool]
甘特图(条形图)
Agraphicdisplayofschedule-relatedinformation.Inthetypicalbarchart,scheduleactivitiesorworkbreakdownstructurecomponentsarelisteddowntheleftsideofthechart,datesareshownacrossthetop,andactivitydurationsareshownasdate-placedhorizontalbars.AlsocalledaGanttchart.
Baseline
基准(基线)
Theapprovedtimephasedplan(foraproject,aworkbreakdownstructurecomponent,aworkpackage,orascheduleactivity),plusorminusapprovedprojectscope,cost,schedule,andtechnicalchanges.Generallyreferstothecurrentbaseline,butmayrefertotheoriginalorsomeotherbaseline.Usuallyusedwithamodifier(e.g.,costbaseline,schedulebaseline,performancemeasurementbaseline,technicalbaseline).Seealsoperformancemeasurementbaseline.
BaselineFinishDate
基线完成日期
Thefinishdateofascheduleactivityintheapprovedschedulebaseline.Seealsoscheduledfinishdate.
BaselineStartDate
基线开始日期
Thestartdateofascheduleactivityintheapprovedschedulebaseline.Seealsoscheduledstartdate.
BillofMaterials(BOM)
材料单
Adocumentedformalhierarchicaltabulationofthephysicalassemblies,subassemblies,andcomponentsneededtofabricateaproduct.
Bottom-upEstimating[Technique]
自底向上估算
Amethodofestimatingacomponentofwork.Theworkisdecomposedintomoredetail.Anestimateispreparedofwhatisneededtomeettherequirementsofeachofthelower,moredetailedpiecesofwork,andtheseestimatesarethenaggregatedintoatotalquantityforthecomponentofwork.Theaccuracyofbottom-upestimatingisdrivenbythesizeandcomplexityoftheworkidentifiedatthelowerlevels.Generallysmallerworkscopesincreasetheaccuracyoftheestimates.
Brainstorming[Technique]
头脑风暴
Ageneraldatagatheringandcreativitytechniquethatcanbeusedtoidentifyrisks,ideas,orsolutionstoissuesbyusingagroupofteammembersorsubject-matterexperts.Typically,abrainstormingsessionisstructuredsothateachparticipant’sideasarerecordedforlateranalysis.
Budget
预算
Theapprovedestimatefortheprojectoranyworkbreakdownstructurecomponentoranyscheduleactivity.Seealsoestimate.
BudgetatCompletion(BAC)
完工预算
Thesumofallthebudgetvaluesestablishedfortheworktobeperformedonaprojectoraworkbreakdownstructurecomponentorascheduleactivity.Thetotalplannedvalueforthepro
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 13 项目 管理 术语 对照