常见时态的用法.docx
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常见时态的用法.docx
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常见时态的用法
常见时态的用法
常见时态的用法
一、一般现在时:
1.表示习惯性或经常性的
动作或状态,常与usually,often,sometimes,确always,seldom,everyday(year,morning…)等表示频率的时间状语连用。
Heoftendoeshishomeworkinhisstudy.
Iusuallygetupatsixinthemorning.
2.表示客观规律、正确事实或科学真理等。
Knowledgecomesonlyfrompractice.
※Columbusprovedthattheearthisround.
3.在连词when,while,before,after,until,till,
once,if,unless,assoonas,aslongas,bythe
time,incase,evenif,themoment/minute
/instant,theday/year,immediately等引导的时
间(条件、让步)状语从句中,常用一般现在
时表将来。
WhenBillcomes(willcome×),askhimtowaitforme.
We’llgooutforawalkassoonastherainstops.
Evenifitrainstomorrow,thesportsmeetingwilltakeplace.
4.come,go,arrive,leave,start,begin,return等动词可以用来
A.didn’tknow;willgo
B.don’tknow;amgoing
C.haven’tknown;willgo
D.didn’tknow;amgoing
3.be+todo①按照计划、安排将要做的事情。
②(上级对下级、父母对子女)下达命令,意思是“应该…”③表命中注定将要发生的事情。
WearetodiscussthereportnextSaturday.
Youaretofinishtheworkbeforefivethisafternoon.
ThelittleboyistobecomeaVIP.
4.beaboutto+动词原形或beonthepointofdoing表示即将或正要去做….不与tomorrow,nextweek等具体的时间状语连用,但可和when从句连用。
Iamabouttodo(=amonthepointofdoing)myhomework.
5.be+doing表示按计划安排即将发生的动作,常用于come,go,start,setout,leave,reach,return,move,takeoff,arrive等
Areyoustayingheretillnextweek?
四、过去将来时:
woulddo;was/weregoingtodo;(was/weretodo;was/wereabouttodo;was/weredoing;was/wereonthepointofdoing)一般不能单独使用,常用在宾语从句和间接引语之中,表示从过去的角度看,将要发
生的行为或存在的状态。
Theysaidthattheywouldcallonmesoonerorlater.TomaskedmeifIwasgoingtocallonmyEnglishteacher.
Iwasonthepointofphoningyouwhenyourphonearrived.
五、现在进行时:
be(am,is,are)+doing
①表示现在(说话时刻)正在进行或发生的动作;
Look!
Themonkeyisclimbingthebananatree.
②也可表示现阶段正在进行或发生的动作,说话时未必动作正在进行;
Whatareyoudoingthesedays?
Mr.Greeniswritinganothernovel.
③一些位移动词可用现在进行时表将来。
Heiscomingtoseeyounextweek.※进行时与某些副词(always,constantly,continually,forever)连用,可表赞叹或厌恶等情感。
Youarealwaysthinkingofothers.
Heisconstantlychanginghismind.
六、过去进行时:
was/weredoing
表示过去某个时刻或一段时间正在进行的动作,这一特定的过去时间,除了上下文暗示以外,一般和时间状语连用。
常用的时间状语有:
thismorning,thewholemorning,alldayyesterday,fromninetotenlastnight,atthistimeyesterday,when,while等。
Whatwereyoudoingatthistimeyesterday?
Iwasreadinganewspaperwhenheknockedatthedoor.
Youlookunhappy.What’sthematterwithyou?
----Nothingmuch.Iwasmissingmyparents.
Eg:
Idon’tthinkTomsawus;he____intospace.A.juststaredB.wasjuststaring
C.hasjuststaredD.hadjuststared
七、现在完成时have/has+done
①表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成影响或结果②表示动作或状态过去已经开始,一直持续到现在。
常用的时间状语有:
already,never,ever,just,before,lately,yet,recently,sofar,uptothepresent,uptillnow,inthepast/lastfewyears,since,“for+段时间”等.
Haveyouhadyoursupperyet?
----Yes,Ihavejusthadit.(吃过了饭,所以现在不饿)
IhavelivedhereinYiyangsinceIwasborn.
(动作持续到现在)◎hasbeento去过…(已经回来)
MysisterhasbeentotheUSAonce(butsheisbacknow).
◎hasgoneto去…了(已去未归)
MysisterhasgonetotheUSA(andsheisn’therenow).
※当先行词前有最高级或序数词修饰时,定语从句中一般用现在完成时。
ThisisthemostinterestingstoryIhaveeverread.ThisisthethirdtimeIhavebeenhere.
※句中如果有过去的时间副词(如:
yeaterday,lastweek,in1990),要用一般过去时,不能用现在完成时。
Tomwrotealettertohisparentslastnight.(√)
Tomhaswrittenalettertohisparentslastnight.(×)
※现在完成时中,终止性动词不能与for,since等延续性状语连用,必须改为相应的延续性动词。
Die----bedeadjoin----beinfallill----beillfinish----beoverleave/go----beawaybegin----beonbecome----bebuy----get/havemarry----bemarried(to)borrow----keeparrive/reach/getto----bein/at/stay
eg:
HehasjoinedthePartyfor5years.(×)
HehasbeenaPartymemberfor5years.(√)
HehasbeeninthePartyfor5years.(√)
八、现在完成进行时have/hasbeendoing
表示动作从过去开始,一直延续到现在,甚至将来;也可能动作刚结束。
Hehasbeenlyinginbedfortwoweeks.(现在还躺着)
Wherehaveyoubeen?
Ihavebeenlookingforyoueverywhere.(动作刚结束,已不在寻找)
某些动词如:
work,live,study,teach等用于现在完成进行时和现在完成时意义区别不大。
Ihavebeenworking/workedherefor5years.
九、过去完成时haddone
①表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成的动作或状态,这个时间可用短语或从句来表示,也可由上下文来暗示
Hehadstudiedherefor3yearsbeforehewenttoEurope.
②一些表希望、打算的词,如:
hope,want,expect,think,mean,suppose,plan,intend等,常用过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的愿望打算。
Ihadexpectedtocomeandhelpyoulastnight,butIwastoobusy.
③过去完成时还可用于虚拟语气中,表示与过去事实相反的一种假设
IwishIhadworkedharderinthosedays!
Ifyouhadcome5minutesearlier,youwouldhavecaughtthefirstbus.
④用于固定句型Hardly/Scarcely…when…;Nosooner…than…中,表“一……就……”HardlyhadIarrivedhomewhenitbegantorainhard.(=Ihadhardlyarrivedhomewhen….)Nosoonerhadhegotbetterthanhefellillagain.(=Hehadnosoonergotbetterthan…)
几种常用时态之间的比较
1.HelivesinBeijing.他住在北京。
(长期性,永久性)
HeislivinginBeijing.他现住北京。
(临时性,短暂性)
2.Alicewrotealettertoherfriendlastnight.(写了一封信,过去式表动作已完成)
Alicewaswritingalettertoherfriendlastnight.(只强调当时在写,不强调是否写完)
3.Hehaslivedhereforfiveyears.(现完表示动作延续到现在,即现在还住这儿。
)
Helivedhereforfiveyears.(曾经在这住过五年,过去式表动作已完成,即现已不住这。
)
4.Wehavediscussedtheproblemwithhim.(已经和他讨论过了。
强调对现在的影响)
Wehavebeendiscussingtheproblemwithhimallthemorning.(一直在讨论,说话时动作可能还在延续。
)
1.—HaveyouknownDr.Jacksonforalongtime?
(全国I卷)
—Yes,sinceshe_____theChineseSociety.
A.hasjoinedB.joins
C.hadjoinedD.joined
2.Thewetweatherwillcontinuetomorrow,whenacoldfront______toarrive.(全国I卷)
A.isexpectedB.isexpecting
C.expectsD.willbeexpected
3.-----Didyouwatchthebasketballmatchyesterday?
-----Yes,Idid.Youknow,mybrother________inthematch.(安徽卷)
A.isplayingB.wasplaying
C.hasplayedD.hadplayed
4.IliketheseEnglishsongsandthey____manytimesontheradio.(安徽卷)
A.taughtB.havetaught
C.aretaughtD.havebeentaught
5.Sofarthisyearwe______afallinhousepricesbybetween5and10percent.(福建卷)
A.sawB.seeC.hadseenD.haveseen
6.IcalledHnnahmanytimesyesterdayevening,butIcouldn’tgetthrough.Herbrother_____onthephoneallthetime!
(湖南卷)
A.wastalkingB.hasbeentalking
C.hastalkedD.talked
7.—Doyouhaveanyproblemsifyou______thisjob?
(湖南卷)
—Well,I’mthinkingaboutthesalary….
A.offerB.willoffer
C.areofferedD.willbeoffered
8.—I’msureAndrewwillwinthefirstprizeinthefinal.(江苏卷)
—Ithinkso.He______foritformonths.
A.ispreparingB.waspreparing
C.hadbeenpreparingD.hasbeenpreparing
9.Bythetimeherealizeshe_intoatrap,it’llbetoolateforhimtodoanythingaboutit.
(山东)A.walksB.walked
C.haswalkedD.hadwalked
10.---Doyouthinkweshouldacceptthatoffer?
----Yes,weshould,forwe___suchbadluckuptillnow,andtime__out.(江西卷)
A.havehad;isrunningB.had;isrunning
C.have;hasbeenrunD.havehad;hasbeenrun
11Wefirstmetonatrainin2000.Webothfeltimmediatelythatwe__eachotherforyears.
A.knewB.hadknown
C.haveknownD.know(辽宁卷)
12.—Haveyougotanyjoboffers?
—No.I_____.(辽宁卷)
A.waitedB.hadbeenwaiting
C.havewaitedD.amwaiting
13.Iftheweatherhadbeenbetter,wecouldhavehadapicnic.Butit____allday.(全国II)
A.rainedB.rainsC.hasrainedD.israining
14.Iftheirmarketingplanssucceed,they____theirsalesby20percent.(全国II)
A.willincreaseB.havebeenincreasing
C.haveincreasedD.wouldbeincreasing
15.---–Didyougototheshowlastnight?
---–Yeah.Everyboyandgirlinthearea___invited.(陕西卷)
A.wereB.havebeenC.hasbeenD.was
16.ThemomentIgothome,IfoundI____myjacketontheplayground.(陕西卷)
A.hadleftB.left
C.haveleftD.wasleaving
17.Thoughwedon’tknowwhatwasdiscussed,yetwecanfeelthetopic______.(陕西卷)
A.hadchangedB.willchange
C.waschangedD.hasbeenchanged
18.Thetelephone_____,butbythetimeIgot
indoors,itstopped.(四川卷)
A.hadrungB.wasringing
C.ringsD.hasrung
19.Idon’tbelieveyou’vealreadyfinishedreadingthebook—I___ittoyouthismorning!
A.wouldlendB.waslending
C.hadlentD.lent(浙江卷)
20.–---What’sthatnoise?
(浙江卷)
---Oh,Iforgottotellyou.Thenewmachine__.
A.wastestedB.willbetested
C.isbeingtestedD.hasbeentested
21.—HaveyoureadbookcalledWaitingforAnya?
—Who_______it?
(北京卷)
A.writesB.haswritten
C.wroteD.hadwritten
22.Thehotelwasn’tparticularlygood.ButI____inmanyworsehotels.(北京卷)
A.wasstayingB.stayed
C.wouldstayD.hadstayed
23.Nodecisionaboutanyfutureappointmentuntilallthecandidateshavebeeninterviewed.
A.willbemadeB.ismade(北京卷)
C.isbeingmadeD.hasbeenmade
24.He_____footballregularlyformanyyearswhenhewasyoung.(天津卷)
A.wasplayingB.played
C.hasplayedD.hadplayed
25.Judyisgoingtomarrythesailorshe__inRomelastyear.(重庆卷)
A.meetsB.met
C.hasmetD.wouldmeet
26.He__asanationalheroforwinningthefirstgoldmetalforhiscountryintheOlympics.
A.regardedB.wasregarded(重庆卷)
C.hasregardedD.hadbeenregarded
27.Teenagers__theirhealthbecausetheyplaycomputergamestoomuch.(重庆卷)
A.havedamagedB.aredamaging
C.damagedD.willdamage
28.DoyouknowifTerrywillgocampingthisweekend?
(上海卷)
Terry?
Never!
She___tentsandfreshair!
A.hashatedB.hatedC.willhateD.hates
29. Inrecentyearsmanyfootballclubs___asbusinesstomakeaprofit.(上海卷)
A.haverunB.havebeenrun
C.hadbeenrunD.willrun
30.Susandecidednottoworkontheprogramathomebecauseshedidn’twantherparentstokn
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