南京师范大学附属实验学校届高三英语语法专题复习讲义3.docx
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南京师范大学附属实验学校届高三英语语法专题复习讲义3.docx
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南京师范大学附属实验学校届高三英语语法专题复习讲义3
高三英语语法专题复习讲义(3)
Part1高考高频短语(3)
1.Moreandmorehigh-risebuildingshavebeenbuiltinbigcitiesspace.(10福建)
A.insearchofB.inplaceofC.forlackofD.forfearof
2.We’vejustmovedintoabiggerhouseandthere’salottodo.Let’sit.
A.keepupwithB.doawaywithC.getdowntoD.lookforwardto
3.–Inthisdayandage,womencanhavechildrenandjobsaswell.
--Ican’tagreemore.It’sgreattohavethetwo.
A.linkedB.relatedC.connectedD.combined
4.Inancienttimes,peoplerarelytravelledlongdistancesandmostfarmersonlytravelledthelocalmarket.
A.longerthanB.morethanC.asmuchasD.asfaras
5.Nomatterhowlowyouconsideryourself,thereisalwayssomeone_youwishingtheywerethathigh(10安徽)
A.gettingridofB.gettingalongwithC.LookinguptoD.lookingdownupon
6.----HowdidyoulikeNick’sperformancelastnight?
----Tobehonest,hissingingdidn’t_______tomemuch
A.appealB.belongCreferD.occur
7.Parents_____muchimportancetoeducation.Theywilldotheirbesttogivetheirchildrenthatpricelessgift.
AattachBpayClinkDapply
8.Smelltheflowersbeforeyougotosleep,andyoumayjust______sweetdreams.
AkeepupwithBputupwithCendupwithDcatchupwith
9.Wegivedogstime,spaceandlovewecanspare,and_____,dogsgiveustheirall.
AinallBinfactCinshortDinreturn
10.Sam_____someknowledgeofthecomputerjustbywatchingothersworkingonit.(10山东)
A.broughtupB.lookedupC.pickedupD.setup
11.Yourhouseisalwayssoneat—howdoyou______itwiththreechildren?
A.manageB.serveC.adaptD.construct
12.Joiningthefirmasaclerk,hegotrapidpromotion,andasamanager.(10天津)
A.endedupB.droppedoutC.camebackD.startedoff
13.HetelephonedthetravelagencytothreeairticketstoLondon.
A.orderB.arrangeC.takeD.book
14.Somepeopleeatwiththeireyes.Theyprefertoorderwhatnice.(10四川)
A.looksB.smellsC.feelsD.tastes
15.Jennywaslookingforaseatwhen,luckily,amanandleft.
A.tookupB.gotupC.shutupD.setup
Part2Grammar:
ModalVerb
Analysis
1.基本用法
Must/haveto
Can/could/beableto
2.推测用法
May/might+
Shall/should/oughtto
3.情态动词+havedone
Will/would
dare/need
情态动词,在英文中主要用来表示说话人的看法、态度等。
它很接近中文里的能愿动词。
从用法上来说,它有这样几个特点:
1)各个情态动词自身都有一定的词义。
2)情态动词不能在句中独立担当谓语。
3)情态动词在句中不受任何人称,性,数变化的影响。
4)情态动词后接的不定式(除ought外)都不带to,即接动词原形。
1.常用情态动词的基本用法比较和辨析
can,could能,会
1)表示脑力或体力上的能力Nobodycanstopthedevelopmentofscience.
2)表示客观上的可能性Youcanborrowthisusefulbookfromthelibrary.
3)表示主观上的允许CanIaskyousomequestionsaboutit?
4).could还常用于表示较客气委婉的看法、提问及用于虚拟语气的结构中。
如:
I'mafraidthatwecouldn'tgiveyouanydefiniteansweratthismoment.
may,might或许,可能,可以
1)可能性Imaybebusyfromtomorrowon.从明天起我可能会忙起来。
2)表示允许MayIcomein?
我可以进来吗?
注意:
在回答以may引导的问句时,一般说来避免使用may,以免显得太严厉、或不太客气,而改用其他方式。
例如:
--MayIcomein?
--Yes,please.请进。
--Sure./Certainly..请进。
--Pleasedon't..请不要进来。
--No,youmustn't.不行。
must应该,必须,一定
1)表示出于职责、义务该做某事Wemustprotectpeople'srights./Everyonemustbeloyaltohismotherland.
2)表示出于主观意识而必须要做某事Wemustspeedupthepaceofoureconomicreform.
在这种用法中must表示出于主观意识而必须要做某事;haveto却表示由于某种客观原因而不得不做某事。
除此以外,haveto自身有时态的变化形式。
如:
Jennyhadtotidyuptheroombeforehermothercameback.
注意:
在这种用法中,回答以must引导的问句时,若是否定答复,不可以用mustn't而需要用needn't或是don'thaveto,因为mustn't意思是"绝不能、一定不要",而没有"不必"的意思。
例如:
--Mustwehandinourexercisestoday?
我们今天必须交作业吗?
--Yes,youmust.是的,必须交。
--No,youneedn't(or,youdon'thaveto).
3)表示禁止(用于否定句)Youmustnotspeakillofothers./Carsmustnotparkedhere.
Ought(后接带to的不定式构成谓语动词)应该
1)表示出于职责、义务该做某事Yououghtnottobesocarelessinyourwork.
2)表示极有可能发生某事Ifwesetoffrightnow,weoughttobeabletogetthereintime.
need(用于否定句和疑问句)需要/dare,dared(用于否定句、疑问句和疑问句)敢
1)__________________________________________
2)____________________________________________
Therearestilloneandahalfhourstogo,weneedn'tbeinsuchahurry.
Dareyoustayherealoneinthenight?
shall
用作情态动词时,适用于第二人称和第三人称。
主要表示下面几层意思:
1)许诺:
Youshallheareverythingdirectlyyoucome.你一来就可以听到一切了。
2)命令:
Youshallcometomyofficeimmediately.你必须马上来我的办公室。
3)规定:
Eachcompetitorshallwearanumber./Therentershallkeepthehouseinaneatandorderlystate.
should
1)表示出于职责、义务该做某事
Youshouldn'tcometosuchadecisionhastily./Youshouldwritetoyourparentsatleastonceamonth.
2)表示对某种情况的估计Sheshouldn'tbeoutinsuchanearlymorning./
3)用于某些从句中表示虚拟语气Thedoctorinsistedthatthegirlshouldbehospitalized.
will,would
1)用于第二人称疑问句,表示请求(在这种用法中would使语气更为客气、委婉)
WillyoutellherthatI'llbebackintwentyminutes?
/Ifyouwanthelp,justletmeknow,willyou?
2)表示习惯、倾向(可译成"总是会、老是,等")
Sometimesthecatwillliethereallafternoon./Oilandwaterwillnotmix.油和水决不能调和。
练习
1)—IsJohncomingbytrain?
—Heshould,buthe__not.Helikesdrivinghiscar.(NMET2002)
A.mustB.canC.needD.may
2)—Ihearyou'vegotasetofvaluableAustraliancoins.______Ihavealook?
—Yes,certainly.
A.DoB.MayC.ShallD.Should
3)MrBushisontimeforeverything.How_itbethathewaslatefortheopeningceremony?
(上海2001春)
A.canB.shouldC.mayD.must
4)—AreyoucomingtoJeff'sparty?
—I'mnotsure.I____gototheconcertinstead.(NMET2000)
A.mustB.wouldC.shouldD.might
5)Ishouldhavebeenthere,butI_____notfindthetime.(上海2000春)
A.wouldB.couldC.mightD.should
6)Johnny,you____playwiththeknife,you____hurtyourself.(NMET'96)
A.won't;can'tB.mustn't;mayC.shouldn't;mustD.can't;shouldn't
7)—Willyoustayforlunch?
—Sorry,______.Mybrotheriscomingtoseeme.(NMET'99)
A.Imustn'tB.Ican'tC.Ineedn'tD.Iwon't
8)—CouldIborrowyourdictionary?
—Yes,ofcourseyou_____.(MET'92)
A.mightB.willC.canD.should
2.情态动词表示推测的用法
理论可能性
can
可能性
肯定句
must,may,might,
疑问句
can
否定句
can’t(不可能),maynot(可能不)
mustdo(____________________)
canbedoing(_____________________)
could+havedone(_____________________)
mayhavebeendoing(_____________________)
might
1)情态动词+do..
Howcan/couldyoubehere?
Shecouldn't/can'tbesostupidtodothat.
Youmustbetiredafterworkingsolong.
2).情态动词+bedoing
⏹Whatcanshebedoingatthismoment?
⏹Youcan'tbetellingusthetruth.
⏹Yourmothermaybewaitingforyoutoreturnhome./
⏹YoumustbethinkingwhereIlearnedit.
3)情态动词+havedone
⏹Hecan'thavelefthomebecausethetelevisionison.
⏹Howcouldhehaveforgottenhimbirthday?
⏹Theymighthavefinishedtheirworkbynow.
⏹Youmusthavetalkedaboutitwithherbeforehand.
1)SorryI'mlate.I___haveturnedoffthealarmclockandgonebacktosleepagain.(北京2000春)
A.mightB.shouldC.canD.will
2)MysistermethimattheGrandTheateryesterdayafternoon,sohe_____yourlecture.(上海2000)
A.couldn'thaveattendedB.needn'thaveattendedC.mustn'thaveattendedD.shouldn'thaveattended
3)Jack____yet,otherwisehewouldhavetelephonedme.(上海'97)
A.mustn'thavearrivedB.shouldn'thavearrivedC.can'thavearrivedD.neednothavearrived
3.“情态动词+havedone”
1).should(oughtto)have+过去分词
表示过去应该做而(实际)没有做的事情,含有责备或遗憾的语气,意为“本应该……”;其否定形式为“shouldnot/oughtnottohave+过去分词”,表示某种行为不该发生但却发生了。
Mr.White_____at8:
30forthemeeting,buthedidn‘t’showup. (04‘广西卷)
A.shouldhavearrivedB.shouldarriveC.shouldhavehadarrivedD.shouldbearriving
2).needn'thave+过去分词:
表示过去没有必要做某事,但实际上做了某事。
Asyouworkedlateyesterday,you_________havecomethismorning. (06‘陕西卷)
A.mayn‘t B.can’t C.mustn‘t D.needn’t
3).musthave+过去分词:
用于肯定句,表示“过去一定做过某事”,表示一种很有把握的推测。
[注意]对过去发生情况的否定推测常用can‘t/couldn’thave+过去分词。
Ihavelostoneofmygloves.I________itsomewhere. (05‘北京春季)
A.mustdrop B.musthavedroppedC.mustbedropping D.musthavebeendropped
I_______havebeenmorethansixyearsoldwhentheaccidenthappened.(05‘天津卷)
A.shouldn't B.couldn't C.mustn't D.needn't
4).may/mighthave+过去分词:
表示对过去情况的一种不太有把握的可能性推测,表示“过去可能/大概已做了某事”;否定句表示“过去可能还没有做某事”。
We _______haveprovedgreatadventurers,butwehavedonethegreatestmarchevermadeinthepasttenyears. (06‘天津卷)
A.needn‘t B.maynot C.shouldn’t D.mustn‘t
5).can/couldhave+过去分词:
表示“过去本来能够做某事,但实际上没有做”;否定句表示“不可能已做了某事”;疑问句表示“可能/也许已做了某事吗?
”。
——IstayedatahotelwhileinNewYork.——Oh,didyou?
You____withBarbara.
A.couldhavestayed B.couldstayC.wouldstay D.musthavestayed
Practice
1.(2011全国卷I)32.They________havearrivedatlunchtimebuttheirflightwasdelayed.
A.willB.canC.mustD.should
2.(2011全国卷II)8.Ifyou_______smoke,pleasegooutside.
A.canB.shouldC.mustD.may
3.(2011北京卷)24.-Idon’treallylikeJames.Whydidyouinvitehim?
-Don’tworry.He__________come.Hesaidhewasn’tcertainwhathisplanswere.
A.mustnotB.neednotC.wouldnotD.mightnot
4.(2011上海卷)28.I_____worryaboutmyweekend—Ialwayshavemyplansreadybeforeitcomes.
A.can’tB.mustn’tC.daren’tD.needn’t
5.(2011江西卷)23.It______bethepostmanatthedoor.It’sonlysixo’clock.
A.mustn’tB.can’tC.won’tD.needn’t
6.(2011江苏卷)34.—Ileftmyhandbagonthetrain,butluckilysomeonegaveittotherailwayofficials.
—Howunbelievabletogetitback!
Imean,someone_______it.
A.willhavestolenB.mighthavestolenC.shouldhavestolenD.musthavestolen
7(2011浙江卷)11.—How’syournewbabysitter?
—We__askforabetter
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