江苏省启东市学年高一上学期期末学业质量监测英语试题.docx
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江苏省启东市学年高一上学期期末学业质量监测英语试题.docx
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江苏省启东市学年高一上学期期末学业质量监测英语试题
江苏省启东市2020-2021学年高一上学期期末学业质量监测英语试题
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一、阅读选择
MathHolidays
MoleDay
MoleDayiscelebratedannuallyonOct.23from6:
02amto6:
02pm.ItcelebratesAvogadro’sNumber(approximately6.02×1023),whichisabasicmeasuringunitinchemistry.ThefirstMoleDaytookplacein1991andhasbeenhonoredeveryyearsince.TheconceptofacelebratorydaywascreatedbyMauriceOehler,aretiredhighschoolchemistryteacher.Itaimstodevelopinterestinchemistry,encouragingschoolsaroundtheglobetocelebrateMoleDaywithvariousactivitiesrelatedtochemistry.
FibonacciDay
Nov.23marksFibonacciDay,aspecialdaythatcelebratestilemanknownasLeonardoFibonacciwhodevelopedamathematicalconceptcalledtheFibonacciSequence(斐波那契数列),inwhicheverynumberisthesumoftheprevioustwonumbers.So,forexample,11/23marksthedaybecause1+1equals2,andthen1+2equals3(thedatebeingthe23rd).Itmaybesomewhatdifficulttograsp,buttheconceptisnotentirelytheoretical.
SquareRootDay
SquareRootDayisaholidaythatoccurswhenthemonthanddayaresquarerootsofthelasttwodigitsoftheyear:
e.g.2/2/2004and3/3/2009.ThelastSquareRootDaywas4/4/2016andthenextonewillbe5/5/2025.TheholidaywascreatedbyahighschoolteacherRonGordoninRedwoodCity,California,whonoticedthatanupcomingdate(9/9/1981)representedasquareroot.
PiDay
Thegranddaddyofmathematicalandscientificholidays,however,fallseveryyearonMar.14.Thedate,3/14,representsthefirstthreenumeralsinthecalculationofpi;sothedateisknownannuallyasPiDay.PiDaywasfoundedin1988byphysicistLarryShawworkingattheExploratoriuminSanFrancisco.Theeventfeaturedtheeatingofvariouspies,tossingpizzapiedoughandparadesandspeeches.
1.WhichholidayislinkedtoAvogadro’sNumber?
A.PiDay.B.MoleDay.
C.FibonacciDay.D.SquareRootDay.
2.WhichofthefollowingdatesisaSquareRootDay?
A.Oct.23,2020.B.Nov.23,2021.
C.Mar.14,2030.D.Jun6,2036.
3.WhowasthefirstmantocelebratePiDay?
A.LarryShaw.B.RonGordon.
C.MauriceOehler.D.LeonardoFibonacci.
WhenLeeAnnKrieghmovedtoBend,Oregon,in2012,shefellinlovewiththetrees,birdsandflowers.Thenshebegantoreadnatureguidebooksbutwasn’tsatisfiedwithwhatshefoundinlocalbookstores.
“Therewasn’tabookthatmetmyneeds,”Krieghsaid.“Ihadallthefieldguides.Andtheywerewonderful,buttheydidn’ttellmestoriesorteachmethebasicsandthat’swhatIneeded.”Kriegh’sbook,TheNatureofBend,whichwaspublishedin2016,makesheroneofabout40CentralOregonauthors.AndKrieghwantstoencourageotherstobecomepublishedauthors.Shespentabout2,000hoursworkingonherguidebook,inwhichshecovered350species(物种).
“Youshouldbereadytospendtimeonthetopicyouwriteabout,”Krieghsaid,“It’salotofwork,andyouhavetohaveastronglikingforyoursubject,”shesaid.“Otherwise,it’sgoingtobeputaside.”
Atfirst,Krieghbeganbysendingaplantoabookpublisher.HalfayearpassedbeforethepublishersaidnotoKriegh.CentralOregonseemedtoosmallamarket,sherememberedwhattheysaid.Duringthattimeshemadeadecisionthatshewouldtakecareofallthebook’selements(元素)onherownratherthandependonanotherpublisher.
Beingaself-publisher,shenotonlypickedupthecheckforprinting,butshealsopaidfortheotherpartslikemarketingthatarepaidbyapublisher.Krieghworkedwithmorethan40photographersandlocalnaturalists,andreadthroughmanyscientificpapersforthebook.
She’sheardalotofpositiveremarks(评价)aboutthewayshe’sshownfactsandstoriesaboutthesespeciesthat“helppeoplefeelconnectedandputasmileontheirfaces.”
KrieghisnowworkingonTheNatureofPortland,asimilarbookshehopeswillattractpeopleincities.
“Thepurposeofthebookwastogetpeoplemoreinterestedinnature,”Krieghsaid.“Themoreyouknowaboutaspecies,themoreyoucareaboutthemandworktotakecareofthem.”
4.WhywasKrieghunsatisfiedwiththenatureguidebooksshefound?
A.Theyweretooexpensiveforher.
B.Theydidn’thavestoriesorbasics.
C.Theydidn’tcovermuchwildlifeinBend.
D.Theycouldn’tprovideanyusefulinformation.
5.WhatmightinspireKrieghtocontinuewritingbooks?
A.Herdreamofbecominganauthor.
B.Herhopeofbeingsuccessful
C.Herinterestinthesubject.
D.Herloveofhercity
6.WhydidKrieghpublishonherown?
A.Shehopedtotakefullcontrolofthebook.
B.Shedidn’thavemoneytopaythepublisher.
C.ShewantedtoenlargethemarketinOregon.
D.Shewishedtopublishthebookassoonpossible.
7.WhatdopeoplethinkofTheNatureofBend?
A.Itcallsonpeopletoprotectwildlife.
B.Itisespeciallyproperforpeopleincities.
C.Itmakespeoplefeelconnectedwhilereading.
D.Itencouragespeopletobecreativeinwriting.
Avaccine(疫苗)thatprotectsagainstoneofthemaincommoncoldviruseshasbeenshowntobesafeandeffectiveinaclinicaltrialandcouldbeavailableby2024.
Respiratorysyncytialvirus(RSV)spreadssoeasilythatmorethan90percentofpeoplehaveexperiencedtheirfirstinfection(感染)bytheageof2.Itusuallycausescold-likesymptomsbutcanleadtosevereillnessinyoungchildrenandolderpeople.Allaroundtheworld,about60,000childrenundertheageof5and14,000peopleovertheageof65dieeachyearafterdevelopingthevirus.
DevelopingvaccinesagainstRSVandotherrespiratoryviruseshasbeendifficultbecausetherespiratorytract(呼吸道)isasurfaceexposeddirectlytotheoutsideworld,saysKirstenSpannattheQueenslandUniversityofTechnologyinAustralia.
“It’sharderforantiviralantibodies(抗病毒抗体)inthebloodtoreachvirusesintherespiratorytract,orevenknowtheyarethere,becausethereissomephysicalseparation,”shesays.
Inrecentyears,however,therehasbeenrapidprogressinfindingnewwaystoimproveimmunityagainstrespiratoryviruses.
SeveralRSVvaccinesarebeingtestedinclinicaltrials,includingonemadebyGermancompanyBavarianNordic.ItsvaccineisdesignedtobuildimmunityagainstRSVbyexposingmebodytofivesmallfragmentsofthevirus.
Inaclinicaltrialinvolving420adultsaged55andolder,asingleinjection(注射)ofthevaccineintheupperarmincreasedthelevelsofRSV-fightingantibodiesinsidethenosebythreetimesandcausednoserioussideeffects.
Thisimmuneresponselastedforsixmonths----enoughtocoverawintercoldseason----andwasrestoredwithaboostershotat12months.
Theresultsarepromising,butmoreresearchisneededtoseeiftheimmuneresponseisstrongenoughtopreventRSVinfections,saysSpann.
BavarianNordicisnowplanningabiggerclinicaltrialofitsRSVvaccinethatisscheduledtobeginin2021andwillinvolvemorethan12,000adults.Iftheresultsarepositive,thecompanyhopestomakethevaccineavailableby2024.Thefirmplanstoofferthevaccinetochildrentoo,butnotuntilithaspassedclinicaltrialsinvolvingpeopleinthisagerange
8.WhatdoweknowaboutRSV?
A.Itisthedeadliestcoldvirus.
B.Itisanewlydiscoveredvirus.
C.Ittakesthousandsofliveseveryyear.
D.Itmainlyputsolderadults’livesatrisk-
9.WhichwordcanbestdescribethedevelopmentofRSVvaccines?
A.Creative.B.Dangerous.
C.Interesting.D.Challenging.
10.WhatwasonefeatureoftheRSVvaccinedevelopedbyBavarianNordic?
A.Ithadnohumansubjects.
B.Ithadnoserioussideeffects.
C.Theimmuneresponselastedfor12months.
D.TheimmuneresponsecouldpreventRSVinfections.
11.WhatdoesBavarianNordicplantodoin2021?
A.Continueitsclinicaltrial.
B.OfferitsRSVvaccinestochildren.
C.PutitsRSVvaccinesonthemarket.
D.Followthe420adultsinitsearlyclinicaltrial.
AnOregonwitnessatHoodRiverreportedwatchingtwocigar-shapedobjectsthatstoppedandhovered(盘旋).Hewasinacardrivenbyhermotherat2:
06p.m.onJuly18,2018.
Thewitnessstated,“Iwasinthepassengerseat.Mymomthenpointedtotwowhitelinesinthesky.Theywerefaroffandtoobigtobeanairplane.Thelinesweresurelynotmadebyairplanesbecausetherewasnotailorwings.Thesewerejuststraightwhite,cigar-shapedlinesinthesky.Theyappearedtobeheadedeastwardbeforetheystoppedandstartedhovering.”
“WhileIwasthinkingaboutwhatthecigar-likeobjectsmightbe,Ididforgettorecord.Afterawhile,theymovednorthward,disappearingintoathundercloud(雷雨云),inwhichanairplanecouldnotgo.Also,Inoticedthetwoobjectswereflyingveryclosetoeachother,andIknowcommercial(商业的)airlinersdonotdothat.Thewaythattheobjectswereflyingwasasiftheywereformationflying.”
Thewitnessdidnotfeelliketheobjectswerepresentingapossibledangerinanyway.
“PeopleinmoviestendtomakeUFOsseemlikedangerousthingsthatcometotheEarthtoKillhumans.ButtheseobjectsonlyappearedtobelookingattheEarthbelow.Iwasnotfrightenedbytheseobjects,andIwasleftwithmanyquestionsinstead:
Whatweretheyherefor?
Didanyoneelseseethem?
Andwhyhadtheycometotheearth?
”
“WhenmymomandIcamehomewetoldmydadandbrotheraboutthestrangeevent.Theydidnotbelieveusthough.Andbecausewedon’thaveanypicturesorvideos,thiseventwillbeconsideredasanotherproductofhumanimaginationorajoke.ThoughIdoacceptthatnoteverythingontheInternetisreal,IknowwhatIsaw.TheUFOsthatIsawwerereal,”saidthewitness.
12.WhichofthefollowingcorrectlydescribesthetwoUFOs?
A.Theykepttheirdistance.B.Theyflewinaspecialway.
C.Theymadeanoi
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