PEC材料工程英语证书考试材料试验词汇.docx

PEC材料工程英语证书考试材料试验词汇.docx

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PEC材料工程英语证书考试材料试验词汇

PEC材料工程英语证书考试-材料试验词汇

A

Adherence—Theextenttowhichacoatingbondstoasubstrate.

AdherenceIndex--MeasureoftheAdherenceofporcelainenamelandceramiccoatingsto

sheetmetal.

AlphaRockwellHardness—Indexoftheresistanceofaplastictosurfacepenetrationbya

specifiedindenterunderspecifiedloadappliedwithaRockwellHardnesstester.Highervalues

indicatehigherindentationHardness.

AxialStrain—TheStraininthedirectionthattheloadisapplied,oronthesameaxisasthe

appliedload.

Analogueboard—Amachinecircuitboard,whichconvertsanaloguesignalsintodigitalsignal.

AnchorPin—Asteelpinthatconnectsagriporjigtoaneyeend

AutoReturn—AutoReturn,whensettoon,causesthecrossheadtoreturnautomaticallytoits

Zeropointattheendofthetest.

B

BendTest—MethodformeasuringDuctilityofcertainmaterials.Therearenostandardized

termsforreportingbendtestresultsforbroadclassesofmaterials;rather,termsassociatedwith

bendtestsapplytospecificformsortypesofmaterials.Forexample,materialsspecifications

sometimesrequirethataspecimenbebenttoaspecifiedinsidediameter（ASTMA-360,steel

products）.AbendtestforDuctilityofweldsisgiveninASTME-190.Resultsoftestsof

fiberboardarereportedbyadescriptionofthefailureorphotographs.

BendingStrength—AlternatetermforFlexuralStrength.Itismostcommonlyusedtodescribe

flexurepropertiesofcastironandwoodproducts.

BondStrength—Stress（tensileloaddividedbyareaofbond）requiredtoruptureabondformed

byanadhesivebetweentwometalblocks.

BreakElongation—TheElongationofthespecimentothebreakpoint.

BreakingLoad—Loadwhichcausesfractureinatensile,compression,flexureorTorsionTest.

Intensiletestsoftextilesandyarns,breakingloadalsoiscalledbreakingstrength.Intensile

testsofthinsheetmaterialsormaterialsinformofsmalldiameterwireitisdifficultto

distinguishbetweenbreakingloadandthemaximumloaddeveloped,sothelatterisconsidered

thebreakingload.

BreakingStrength—Stressrequiredrupturingthespecimen.

GLOSSARYOFMATERIALSTESTING

BulkModulusofElasticity—RatioofStresstochangeinvolumeofamaterialsubjectedto

axialloading.RelatedtoModulusofElasticity（E）andPoisson'sRatio（r）bythefollowing

equation:

BulkModulusK=E/3（1-2r）.

CleavageStrength—Tensileloadrequiredtocauseseparationofa1-in.longmetal-to-metal

adhesivebondundertheconditionssetinASTMD-1062.

ClimbingDrumPeelTest—MethodfordeterminingPeelResistanceofadhesivebondbetween

arelativelyflexibleandarigidmaterial.（ASTMD-1781）.

CoefficientofElasticity—AnalternatetermforModulusofElasticity.

CohesiveStrength—TheoreticalStressthatcausesfractureintensiletestifmaterialexhibitsno

plasticdeformation.

ComplexModulus—Measureofdynamicmechanicalpropertiesofamaterial,takinginto

accountenergydissipatedasheatduringdeformationandRecovery.Itisequaltothesumof

staticmodulusofamaterialanditslossmodulus.Inthecaseofshearloading,itiscalled

dynamicmodulus.

Compressibility—Extenttowhichamaterialiscompressedintestforcompressibilityand

Recoveryofgasketmaterials.ItisusuallyreportedwithRecovery.

CompressibilityandRecoveryTest—Methodformeasuringbehaviorofgasketmaterialsunder

shorttimecompressiveloadingatroomtemperature.ASTMF-36outlinesastandardprocedure.

Thistestisnotdesignedtoindicatelongterm（creep）behaviorandshouldnotbeconfused

withtheplastometertest.

Compression—Typicallyadirectionofforceappliedtoasampletodecreaseitsheight

CompressionFatigue—Abilityofrubbertosustainrepeatedfluctuatingcompressiveloads.

（ASTMD-623）

Compressionset—Theextenttowhichrubberispermanentlydeformedbyaprolonged

compressiveload（ASTMD-395）.Shouldnotbeconfusedwithlowtemperaturecompression

set.

Compressiontest—Methodfordeterminingbehaviorofmaterialsundercrushingloads.

Specimeniscompressed,anddeformationatvariousloadsisrecorded.Compressivestressand

strainarecalculatedandplottedasastress-straindiagramwhichisusedtodetermineelastic

limit,proportionallimit,yieldpoint,YieldStrengthand（forsomematerials）compressive

strength.StandardcompressiontestsaregiveninASTMC-773（highstrengthceramics）,

ASTME-9（metals）,ASTME-209（metalsatelevatedtemperatures）andASTMD-695

（plastics）.

Compression-DeflectionTest—Nondestructivemethodfordeterminingrelationshipbetween

compressiveloadanddeflectionunderloadforspecimen

CompressiveDeformation—ExtenttowhichamaterialdeformsunderaCrushingLoad.

CompressiveStrength—Maximumstressamaterialcansustainundercrushloading.

Compressivestrengthiscalculatedbydividingthemaximumloadbytheoriginal

cross-sectionalareaofaspecimeninacompressiontest.

CompressiveYieldStrength—Stresswhichcausesamaterialtoexhibitaspecifieddeformation.

Usuallyitisdeterminedfromthestress-straindiagramobtainedinacompressiontest.

Creep—Deformationthatoccursoveraperiodoftimewhenamaterialissubjectedtoconstant

stressatconstanttemperature.Inmetals,creepusuallyoccursonlyatelevatedtemperatures.

Creepatroomtemperatureismorecommoninplasticmaterialsandiscalledcoldflowor

deformationunderload.Dataobtainedinacreeptestusuallyispresentedasaplotofcreepvs.

timewithstressandtemperatureconstant.Slopeofthecurveiscreeprateandendpointofthe

curveisTimeforRupture.Asindicatedintheaccompanyingdiagram,thecreepofamaterial

canbedividedintothreestages.Firststage,orprimarycreep,startsatarapidrateandslows

withtime.Secondstage（secondary）creephasarelativelyuniformrate.Thirdstage（tertiary）

creephasanacceleratingcreeprateandterminatesbyfailureofmaterialatTimeforRupture.

CreepLimit—AlternatetermforCreepStrength.

CreepRate—TimerateofdeformationofamaterialsubjecttoStressataconstanttemperature.

Itistheslopeofthecreepvs.timediagramobtainedinacreeptest.Unitsusuallyarein/in/hr

or%ofelongation/hr.Minimumcreeprateistheslopeoftheportionofthecreepvs.time

diagramcorrespondingtosecondarycreep.

CreepRecovery—Rateofdecreaseindeformationthatoccurswhenloadisremovedafter

prolongedapplicationinaCreepTest.Constanttemperatureismaintainedtoeliminateeffects

ofthermalexpansion,andmeasurementsaretakenfromtimeloadiszerotoeliminateelastic

effects.

CreepRuptureStrength—Stressrequiredtocausefractureinacreeptestwithinaspecified

time.AlternatetermisStressRuptureStrength.

CreepStrength—MaximumStressrequiredtocauseaspecifiedamountofcreepinaspecified

time.AlsousedtodescribemaximumStressthatcanbegeneratedinamaterialatconstant

temperatureunderwhichcreepratedecreaseswithtime.Analternatetermiscreeplimit.

CreepTest—Methodfordeterminingcreeporstressrelaxationbehavior.Todeterminecreep

properties,materialissubjectedtoprolongedconstanttensionorcompressionloadingat

constanttemperature.Deformationisrecordedatspecifiedtimeintervalsandacreepvs.time

diagramisplotted.Slopeofcurveatanypointiscreeprate.Iffailureoccurs,itterminatestest

andTimeforRuptureisrecorded.Ifspecimendoesnotfracturewithintestperiod,creep

recoverymaybemeasured.Todeterminestressrelaxationofmaterial,specimenisdeformeda

givenamountanddecreaseinstressoverprolongedperiodofexposureatconstanttemperature

isrecorded.StandardcreeptestingproceduresaredetailedinASTME-139,ASTMD-2990and

D-2991（plastics）andASTMD-2294（adhesives）.

CrushResistance—Loadrequiredtoproducefractureinaglassspheresubjectedtocrush

loading.（ASTMD-1213）.

CrushingLoad—Maximumcompressiveforceappliedduringacompressionorcrushingtest.

Formaterialsthatdonotshatter,crushingloadisdefinedastheforcerequiredtoproducea

specifiedtypeoffailure.

CrushingStrength—Compressiveloadrequiredtocauseacracktoforminasinteredmetal

powderbearing（ASTMB-438andB-439）.Coldcrushingstrengthofrefractorybricksand

shapesisthegrosscompressiveStressrequiredtocausefracture.（ASTMC-133）.

Compounding—Thecombinationofpolymerswithothermaterialseitherbymeansof

mechanical（dry）blendingormeltstateblending

Crosshead—Thisisthemainbeamonthetestingmachine.Itisthisbeamthatmoveseitherup

ordownproducingacompressiveortensileforce.Agripisattachedtothecrossheadandthe

testpieceisattachedtothegrip.Thedistancethatthecrossheadmovesthroughismeasured

fromarotatingopticalsensor.

CrossheadLoom—Aribboncablethatconnectsthemovingcrossheadtothemachine

electronics,tosupplytheloadcellwithavoltageandsupplythemachinewithaloadsignal.

D

DeformationEnergy—Energyrequiredtodeformamaterialaspecifiedamount.Itisthearea

undertheStress-StrainDiagramuptoaspecifiedstrain.

DeformationUnderLoad—Measureoftheabilityofrigidplasticstowithstandpermanent

deformationandtheabilityofnonrigidplasticstoreturntooriginalshapeafterdeformation.

Standardtestmethodsfordeterminingbothtypesofdeformationunderloadaregivenin

ASTMD-621.Forrigidplastics,deformationisre-portedas%changeinheightofspecimen

after24hoursunderaspecifiedload.Fornonrigidplastics,resultsarereportedas%changein

heightafter3hoursunderloadandRecovery