名人英语演讲.docx
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名人英语演讲.docx
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名人英语演讲
名人英语演讲
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HarryS。
Truman:
“TheTrumanDoctrine”
Mr。
President,Mr。
Speaker,MembersoftheCongressoftheUnitedStates:
ThegravityofthesituationwhichconfrontstheworldtodaynecessitatesmyappearancebeforeajointsessionoftheCongress。
Theforeignpolicyandthenationalsecurityofthiscountryareinvolved。
Oneaspectofthepresentsituation,whichIpresenttoyouatthistimeforyourconsiderationanddecision,concernsGreeceandTurkey。
TheUnitedStateshasreceivedfromtheGreekGovernmentanurgentappealforfinancialandeconomicassistance。
PreliminaryreportsfromtheAmericanEconomicMissionnowinGreeceandreportsfromtheAmericanAmbassadorinGreececorroboratethestatementoftheGreekGovernmentthatassistanceisimperativeifGreeceistosurviveasafreenation。
IdonotbelievethattheAmericanpeopleandtheCongresswishtoturnadeafeartotheappealoftheGreekGovernment。
Greeceisnotarichcountry。
LackofsufficientnaturalresourceshasalwaysforcedtheGreekpeopletoworkhardtomakebothendsmeet。
Since1940,thisindustrious,peacelovingcountryhassufferedinvasion,fouryearsofcruelenemyoccupation,andbitterinternalstrife。
WhenforcesofliberationenteredGreecetheyfoundthattheretreatingGermanshaddestroyedvirtuallyalltherailways,roads,portfacilities,communications,andmerchantmarine。
Morethanathousandvillageshadbeenburned。
Eighty-fivepercentofthechildrenweretubercular。
Livestock,poultry,anddraftanimalshadalmostdisappeared。
Inflationhadwipedoutpracticallyallsavings。
Asaresultofthesetragicconditions,amilitantminority,exploitinghumanwantandmisery,wasabletocreatepoliticalchaoswhich,untilnow,hasmadeeconomicrecoveryimpossible。
Greeceistodaywithoutfundstofinancetheimportationofthosegoodswhichareessentialtobaresubsistence。
Underthesecircumstances,thepeopleofGreececannotmakeprogressinsolvingtheirproblemsofreconstruction。
Greeceisindesperateneedoffinancialandeconomicassistancetoenableittoresumepurchasesoffood,clothing,fuel,andseeds。
Theseareindispensableforthesubsistenceofitspeopleandareobtainableonlyfromabroad。
Greecemusthavehelptoimportthegoodsnecessarytorestoreinternalorderandsecurity,soessentialforeconomicandpoliticalrecovery。
TheGreekGovernmenthasalsoaskedfortheassistanceofexperiencedAmericanadministrators,economists,andtechnicianstoinsurethatthefinancialandotheraidgiventoGreeceshallbeusedeffectivelyincreatingastableandself-sustainingeconomyandinimprovingitspublicadministration。
TheveryexistenceoftheGreekstateistodaythreatenedbytheterroristactivitiesofseveralthousandarmedmen,ledbyCommunists,whodefythegovernment’sauthorityatanumberofpoints,particularlyalongthenorthernboundaries。
ACommissionappointedbytheUnitedNationssecurityCouncilisatpresentinvestigatingdisturbedconditionsinnorthernGreeceandallegedborderviolationsalongthefrontiersbetweenGreeceontheonehandandAlbania,Bulgaria,andYugoslaviaontheother。
Meanwhile,theGreekGovernmentisunabletocopewiththesituation。
TheGreekarmyissmallandpoorlyequipped。
ItneedssuppliesandequipmentifitistorestoreauthorityofthegovernmentthroughoutGreekterritory。
Greecemusthaveassistanceifitistobecomeaself-supportingandself-respectingdemocracy。
TheUnitedStatesmustsupplythisassistance。
WehavealreadyextendedtoGreececertaintypesofreliefandeconomicaid。
Buttheseareinadequate。
ThereisnoothercountrytowhichdemocraticGreececanturn。
NoothernationiswillingandabletoprovidethenecessarysupportforademocraticGreekgovernment。
TheBritishGovernment,whichhasbeenhelpingGreece,cangivenofurtherfinancialoreconomicaidafterMarch31st。
GreatBritainfindsitselfunderthenecessityofreducingorliquidatingitscommitmentsinseveralpartsoftheworld,includingGreece。
WehaveconsideredhowtheUnitedNationsmightassistinthiscrisis。
Butthesituationisanurgentone,requiringimmediateaction,andtheUnitedNationsanditsrelatedorganizationsarenotinapositiontoextendhelpofthekindthatisrequired。
ItisimportanttonotethattheGreekGovernmenthasaskedforouraidinutilizingeffectivelythefinancialandotherassistancewemaygivetoGreece,andinimprovingitspublicadministration。
ItisoftheutmostimportancethatwesupervisetheuseofanyfundsmadeavailabletoGreeceinsuchamannerthateachdollarspentwillcounttowardXXXGreeceself-supporting,andwillhelptobuildaneconomyinwhichahealthydemocracycanflourish。
Nogovernmentisperfect。
Oneofthechiefvirtuesofademocracy,however,isthatitsdefectsarealwaysvisibleandunderdemocraticprocessescanbepointedoutandcorrected。
TheGovernmentofGreeceisnotperfect。
Neverthelessitrepresentseighty-fivepercentofthemembersoftheGreekParliamentwhowerechoseninanelectionlastyear。
Foreignobservers,including692Americans,consideredthiselectiontobeafairexpressionoftheviewsoftheGreekpeople。
TheGreekGovernmenthasbeenoperatinginanatmosphereofchaosandextremism。
Ithasmademistakes。
TheextensionofaidbythiscountrydoesnotmeanthattheUnitedStatescondoneseverythingthattheGreekGovernmenthasdoneorwilldo。
Wehavecondemnedinthepast,andwecondemnnow,extremistmeasuresoftherightortheleft。
Wehaveinthepastadvisedtolerance,andweadvisetolerancenow。
Greek’s[sic]neighbor,Turkey,alsodeservesourattention。
ThefutureofTurkey,asanindependentandeconomicallysoundstate,isclearlynolessimportanttothefreedom-lovingpeoplesoftheworldthanthefutureofGreece。
ThecircumstancesinwhichTurkeyfindsitselftodayareconsiderablydifferentfromthoseofGreece。
TurkeyhasbeensparedthedisastersthathavebesetGreece。
Andduringthewar,theUnitedStatesandGreatBritainfurnishedTurkeywithmaterialaid。
Nevertheless,Turkeynowneedsoursupport。
Sincethewar,TurkeyhassoughtfinancialassistancefromGreatBritainandtheUnitedStatesforthepurposeofeffectingthatmodernizationnecessaryforthemaintenanceofitsnationalintegrity。
ThatintegrityisessentialtothepreservationoforderintheMiddleEast。
TheBritishgovernmenthasinformedusthat,owingtoitsowndifficulties,itcannolongerextendfinancialoreconomicaidtoTurkey。
AsinthecaseofGreece,ifTurkeyistohavetheassistanceitneeds,theUnitedStatesmustsupplyit。
Wearetheonlycountryabletoprovidethathelp。
IamfullyawareofthebroadimplicationsinvolvediftheUnitedStatesextendsassistancetoGreeceandTurkey,andIshalldiscusstheseimplicationswithyouatthistime。
OneoftheprimaryobjectivesoftheforeignpolicyoftheUnitedStatesisthecreationofconditionsinwhichweandothernationswillbeabletoworkoutawayoflifefreefromcoercion。
ThiswasafundamentalissueinthewarwithGermanyandJapan。
Ourvictorywaswonovercountrieswhichsoughttoimposetheirwill,andtheirwayoflife,uponothernations。
Toensurethepeacefuldevelopmentofnations,freefromcoercion,theUnitedStateshastakenaleadingpartinestablishingtheUnitedNations。
TheUnitedNationsisdesignedtomakepossiblelastingfreedomandindependenceforallitsmembers。
Weshallnotrealizeourobjectives,however,unlesswearewillingtohelpfreepeoplestomaintaintheirfreeinstitutionsandtheirnationalintegrityagainstaggressivemovementsthatseektoimposeuponthemtotalitarianregimes。
Thisisnomorethanafrankrecognitionthattotalitarianregimesimposeduponfreepeoples,bydirectorindirectaggression,underminethefoundationsofinternationalpeace,andhencethesecurityoftheUnitedStates。
Thepeoplesofanumberofcountriesoftheworldhaverecentlyhadtotalitarianregimesforceduponthemagainsttheirwill。
TheGovernmentoftheUnitedStateshasmadefrequentprotestsagainstcoercionandintimidationinviolationoftheYaltaagreementinPoland,Rumania,andBulgaria。
Imustalsostatethatinanumberofothercountriestherehavebeensimilardevelopments。
Atthepresentmomentinworldhistorynearlyeverynationmustchoosebetweenalternativewaysoflife。
Thechoiceistoooftennotafreeone。
Onewayoflifeisbaseduponthewillofthemajority,andisdistinguishedbyfreeinstitutions,representativegovernment,freeelections,guaranteesofindividualliberty,freedomofspeechandreligion,andfreedomfrompoliticaloppression。
Thesecondwayoflifeisbaseduponthewillofaminorityforciblyimposeduponthemajority。
Itreliesuponterrorandoppression,acontrolledpressandradio,fixedelections,andthesuppressionofpersonalfreedoms。
IbelievethatitmustbethepolicyoftheUnitedStatestosupportfreepeopleswhoareresistingattemptedsubjugationbyarmedminoritiesorbyoutsidepressures。
Ibelievethatwemustassistfreepeoplestoworkouttheirowndestiniesintheirownway。
Ibelievethatourhelpshouldbeprimarilythrougheconomicandfinancialaidwhichisessentialtoeconomicstabilityandorderlypoliticalprocesses。
Theworldisnotstatic,andthestatusquoisnotsacred。
ButwecannotallowchangesinthestatusquoinviolationoftheCharteroftheUnitedNationsbysuchmethodsascoercion,orbysuchsubterfugesaspoliticalinfiltration。
Inhelpingfreeandindependentnationstomaintaintheirfreedom,theUnitedStateswillbegivingeffecttotheprinciplesoftheChart
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