讲义分享定语从句教师版.docx
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讲义分享定语从句教师版.docx
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讲义分享定语从句教师版
XXX英语
学员姓名:
辅导科目:
英语学科教师:
XXX
授课类型
C定语从句专题
C专题针对性训练
T能力提升训练
授课日期及时段
教学内容
一、定语从句基本概念
限制性定语从句
分类
非限制性定语从句
定语从句
先行词
两要素关系代词which,that,who,whom,whose
关系词
关系副词:
when,where,why
【限定性定语从句】
对先行词有限定制约作用,使该词的含义更具体明确;不能被省略,否则句意不完整;与先行词之间无逗号
Itisthecarwhich/thatIwanttobuy.
先行词关系代词定语从句
Thisistheplacewherehewasborn.
先行词关系副词定语从句
【非限定性定语从句】
对先行词起补充说明作用;如果删除,主句意义仍然完整;与先行词之间有逗号
Water,whichisaclearliquid,hasmanyuses.
先行词关系代词定语从句
MyfavoriteactorisChaplin,whosefilmsarealwaysverypopular.
先行词关系代词定语从句
二、专题知识梳理
【关系代词】
Who
先行词是人,who在从句中可作主语或宾语;作宾语时,在限定性定语从句中可省略,在非限定性定语从句中不可以省略。
Themanwhostolehismoneyhasbeencaught.–限定性,作主语
Theman(who)Imetyesterdaywashisbrother.–限定性,作宾语
Thechairman,whospokefirst,satonmyright.–非限定性,作主语
Thechairman,whowetalkedaboutjustnow,satonmyright.–非限定性,作宾语
Whom
先行词是人,whom在从句中仅可宾语;一般情况下可换成who,但如果前面有介词,不能换成who。
前面没有介词时,在限定性定语从句中,可换成who,who/whom也可省略;在非限定性定语从句中,则不可换成who,也不可以省略。
Thekid(who/whom)wearelookingforishisdaughter.-限定性,作宾语,无介词
DoyouknowtheboywithwhomIwastalkingjustnow?
-限定性,作宾语,有介词
Thekid,whomshesawyesterday,iscryingnow.–非限定性,作宾语,无介词
Thenewsinger,withwhomsheisimpressed,willcometoherschooltomorrow.
Which
先行词是物,which在从句中可作主语或宾语;作宾语时,在限定性定语从句中可省略;在非限定性定语从句中不可以省略;which在非限定性定语从句中,不仅可以修饰物,还可以修饰整个主句,which从句可放主句中和主句后面,但不放在主句前。
ThisisthebookwhichwasborrowedfromTom.
Thechair(which)Isatinwasabrokenone.
Hisspeech,whichboredeveryone,wentonandon.
Theymovedthefallentree,whichtookthemalongtime.
As
as用于限定性定语从句时,固定结构thesame…as,such…as…或so…as…,as在句中作主语或宾语;
Heisnotthesamepersonashewasbefore.
Heisnotsuchafoolashelooks.
Heisnotsocleveraboyasyouthink.
as用于非限定性定语从句时,与which引导的非限定性定语从句有所区别。
1.as修饰整个主句,which可以修饰一个词,也可以修饰整个主句。
TheEnglishtest,whichhepreparedforalongtime,wasnotsodifficult.修饰一个词
Hegotuptoolate,whichmadehimmissthebus.修饰整个主句
Hewasnotinterestedinmusicatall,asshewastold.修饰整个主句
1.as可放在主句前、主句中或主句后,which不能放在句首;
Theearthgoesaroundthesun,whichisknowntousall.主句后
Hisspeech,whichboredeveryone,wentonandon.主句中
Asisknowntousall,theearthgoesaroundthesun.主句前
John,asyouknow,isawriter.主句中
Hewasnotinterestedinmusicatall,asshewastold.主句后
2.有“正如…”的含义,which没有;
Asiswellknown/asweallknow,Shanghaiisabigcity.
3.当主句和从句语义一致时,用as,不一致时,用which;
Hemadealongspeech,asweexpected.
Hemadealongspeech,whichwasunexpected.
4.否定句时用which
Tomdrinksaloteveryday,whichhiswifedoesn’tlike.
Whose
表示人的所属或物的所属;在从句中需接名词;whose作这个名词的定语,whose+名词整体可在从句中作主语或宾语,而且无论作主语还是宾语,都不可以省略
人的所属:
Idon’tknowthepersonwhosehatisred.限定性,Whose+n作主语
IdislikethespeakerwhosevoiceIcan’tbear.限定性,Whose+n作宾语
IknowProfessorWang,whoseclassisquitewonderful.非限定,Whose+n作主语
IlikethewriternamedTom,whosebooksIhavereadtwice.非限定Whose+n作宾语
物的所属:
Theroomwhosewindowfacessouthisherbedroom.限定性,whose+n作主语
Theroomofwhichthewindowfacessouthisherbedroom.限定性,whose+n作宾语
That
先行词是人和物,在从句中可作主语或宾语;不可用于非限定性定语从句;作宾语时,可省略;
Thegirlwho/thatisstandingthereismyteacher.
Thisisthebookwhich/thatwasborrowedfromTom.
that在限制性定语从句中既可指人又可指事或物。
在下列情况下,只能用that来引导定语从句:
1.先行词是all,much,few,little,everything,anything,nothing等不定代词时。
例如:
Isthereanythingthatyouwanttobuy?
Isthatallthatyouwanttosay?
Littlethathesaidwasbelievable.
2.先行词被all,few,little,much,every,some,no等词修饰;或被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast等限定词修饰时。
例如:
TheseareallthepicturesthatIhaveseen.
Thisistheverydictionarythatisofgreathelp.
ThisisthelastthingthatIwanttosee.
3.先行词既指人又指物时。
例如:
Myfatherandhisteachertalkedalotaboutthethingsandthepersonsthattheycouldremember.
4.关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。
例如:
Ourschoolisnottheonethatitusedtobe.
Thisisnolongertheplacethatitusedtobe.
Heisnotthemanthathewas.
5.先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。
例如:
ThisisthebestEnglishfilmthatIhaveeverseen.
ThefirstEnglishnovelthatIreadwasATaleofTwoCities.
6.主句是who或which引导的特殊问句时。
例如:
Whoisthegirlthatisstandingunderthetree?
WhichisthemachinethatweusedlastSunday?
7.当先行词为表示方式的词theway时,可用that引导定语从句,that常可省略。
Idon'tknowthewayyouspeaktoher.
注意:
当关系代词前面有介词的时候,不可以用that。
Ihavemanybooks,oneofwhichisSnowWhite
Iknowallofthem,oneofwhomisMary.
Thatisthereasonforwhichhewaslateforschool.
ThisisthebookonwhichIspent8dollars.
注意:
固定短语inthat(意思是“因为”),相当于because,引导原因状语从句
Criticismandself-criticismisnecessaryinthatithelpsuscorrectourmistakes.
注意:
定语从句中谓语动词是含有介词的动词短语时,介词应放在动词之后,不能拆开放在关系代词前。
例如:
Thisisthekeywhichyouarelookingfor.
Thisisthebabywhomyouwilllookafter.
3、专题过关
1.Anecosystemconsistsofthelivingandnonlivingthingsinanarea______interactwithoneanother.(2013年上海英语高考)
2.Haveyousentthank-younotestotherelativesfrom__________youreceivedgifts?
(2012年上海英语高考)
3.Aftertheflooding,peopleweresufferinginthatarea,__________urgentlyneededcleanwater,medicineandsheltertosurvive.(奉贤2013二模37题)
4.Lucyhasmanypositivepersonalityfeatures__________makeherpopularatschool.(宝山2013一模40题)
5.Thefallenleavescoveredthestreets,__________addedbeautytotheancientsmalltown.(闵行2011一模31题)
6.Ourmathteachersetsuchahardtestproblem__________noneofuscouldworkouttheotherday.(嘉定2013一模35题)
7.“Ungelivable”issonewanEnglishwordcoinedontheInternet______isforbiddentoappearinofficialmediaordocumentsatpresent.(奉贤2012二模33题)
8.AlotofloverschosetogetmarriedonDec.12,2012,__________thedate,themonthandtheyearmatch.(浦东2013一模35题)
9.Oftheslogansofthe“OccupyWallStreet”movement,one__________isfrequentlymentionedis:
the99percentopposethe1percent.(宝山2012一模38题)
10.AccordingtoareportfromShanghai,thecityhasabout800,00petdogs,of__________morethanhalfwereunregistered.(闸北2011一模29题)
【关系副词】
When在定语从句中作状语,代指时间
IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametotheschool.
Thetimewhenwegottogetherfinallycame.
Where在定语从句中作状语,代指地点
ShanghaiisthecitywhereIwasborn.
ThehousewhereIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.
Why在定语从句中作状语,代指原因,先行词都是reason;可与forwhich互换;不可以用于非限定性定语从句,但forwhich可以。
Pleasetellmethereasonwhy/forwhichyoumissedtheplane.
Idon’tknowthereasonwhy/forwhichhelooksunhappytoday.
Hedidn'ttellmethereason,forwhichhelosthisjob.
典型例题2
1.Mozart'sbirthplaceandthehouse__________hecomposed"TheMagicFlute"arebothmuseumsnow.(2009年上海英语高考)
2.Gonearethedays_____surgerymeantcuttingapatientopen.Modernmedicineoffersdoctorslessinvasivetoolstooperateondisease-strickenbodies.(杨浦2012一模40题)
3.Inasportsteam,eachplayerhasaclearrole,andtherearefewoccasions__________membersareconfusedoruncertainoftheirroles.(浦东2011一模31题)
4.Grassskiingisarisingformofentertainment,popularwithyoungpeople,__________slidingonthegrasswouldbeadventurousandenjoyable.(闸北2013二模28题)
5.Tellmethereason_____youfailedagain.(奉贤2009年一模)
6.Errorcorrectioninalanguageclassshouldneverbecarriedtothepoint__________itdiscouragesstudentsfromgettinginvolved.(嘉定2013二模38题)
7.Theoldmantookthepolicemenbacktothesameplace__________hehadwitnessedtherobbery.(虹口2012二模39题)
8.Canyouthinkofsomecases__________driversobviouslyknewthetrafficrulesbutdidn'tobeythem?
(闵行2012二模34题)
9.Parties__________alcoholisservedcangodownhillquicklyifdrinkingisbasicallytheonlythingtodoattheparty.(徐汇2011二模35题)
10.Itisverydifferentfromthesituationinthewild,__________thevastmajorityofcamelswilldieorbekilledbeforetheygrowup.(长宁2011一模29题)
【重难点】
1.the+名词+of+whom(which)的结构=whose+名词
下面两组中的三个句子意思相同,例如:
Theriverwhosebanksarecoveredwithtreesflowstothesea.
Theriverofwhichthebanksarecoveredwithtreesflowstothesea.
Theriverthebanksofwhicharecoveredwithtreesflowstothesea.
2.具体的地点名词后可以接where从句,但其他如case,point,situation,condition,job等表示“情况,方面”的名词也同样加where从句,这种用法源于“inthiscase,atthispoint,inthissituation,underthecondition”等短语。
具体的时间名词后可接when从句,但如果先行词为occasion,同样也加when从句。
例如:
Therearemanycaseswherethisruledoesnotholdgood.
Hehadtofacetheconditionswherepressurewasheavy.
Iwillshowyouthepointwhereyoufail.
3.必须使用非限制性定语从句的情况:
1)当先行词为专有名词或球类、疾病、学科等独一无二的事物时。
如:
HecaughtSARS,whichthreatenedpeoplealot.
Basketball,whichisnowplayedinover100countries,isthemostpopulargameintheworld.
2)当定语从句由“代词/数词/名词/形容词比较级/最高级等+of+which/whom”引导时,例如:
Chinahashundredsofislandsoffitssoutheastcoast,thelargestofwhichisTaiwan.
3)当定语从句修饰整个主句时。
如:
Theyhaveinvitedmetovisittheircountry,whichisverykindofthem.
Theymovedthefallentree,whichtookthemalongtime.
3.区别定语从句和强调句型:
强调句型是Itis…..that/who…;去掉itis…that/who这几个词后,强调句句意仍然完整,定语从句则不完整。
例如:
Itwasaroomwhereweusedtohavemeetings.定语从句
Itwasintheroomthatweusedtohavemeetings.强调句型
4.区别where引导的定语从句和状语从句:
where引导的定语从句前有名词,从句是修饰这个名词的,而where引导的状语从句前面一般没有名词,从句在整个句子中作状语。
例如:
ThisisthecitywhereIwasborn.
Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.
四.学法提炼
1.判断是强调句型还是定语从句。
2.判断是限定性定语从句还是非限定性定语从句。
如果是非限定性定语从句则不需要考虑that。
尤其,要注意非限定性定语从句有可能是修饰整个主句,此时一般用as或者which。
3.判断有无先行词,如果没有先行词,则需要补上。
4.如果有先行词判断是人还是物,是地点、时间还是原因;注意关系词前是否有介词搭配,有介词搭配也不可以用that。
5.判断先行词类别后,注意先行词属不属于必须用that的情况或者属不属于不能用that的情况,最后选出合适的关系词。
单项选择:
下面每道题有四个选项,请选出最佳答案。
1. The freezing point is the temperature __________ water changes into ice.
A. at which B. on
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