专题20 任务型阅读七选五教学案高考英语考纲解.docx

专题20 任务型阅读七选五教学案高考英语考纲解.docx

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专题20任务型阅读七选五教学案高考英语考纲解

【2018考纲解读】

七选五的题型主要考查考生对文章结构、内容以及上下文逻辑关系的理解和掌握，其考点设置主要包括：

1.主题句；2.过渡句；3.推断句。

【命题规律】

七选五的题型以说明文和议论文居多，这两种文体的结构都比较清晰，过程完整，适合考查标题概括、主题句和过渡句等，以达到考查学生综合阅读能力的要求。

其特点如下：

1．选择基本为300词左右的说明文或议论文。

2．短文篇章结构常为：

提出问题——解决问题。

3．七个选项意义上都与短文相关，设空类型一般有标题类、段落主题类、过渡句类、细节类。

4．选项均为完整句子，句型不一。

【题型示例】

例1.（2017·全国Ⅰ）

IfanyonehadtoldmethreeyearsagothatIwouldbespendingmostofmyweekendscamping,Iwouldhavelaughedheartily.Campers,inmyeyes,werepeoplewhoenjoyedinsectbites,ill－cookedmeals,anduncomfortablesleepingbags.Theyhadnothingincommonwithme.　　1.　　

Thefriendswhointroducedmetocampingthoughtthatitmeanttobeapioneer.　　2.　　Wesleptinatent,cookedoveranopenfire,andwalkedalongdistancetotaketheshowerandusethebathroom.ThisbriefvisitwithMotherNaturecostmetwodaysofffromwork,recoveringfromabadcaseofsunburnandthedoctor'sbillformyson'sfoodpoisoning.

Iwas,nevertheless,talkedintogoingonanotherfun－filledholidayinthewilderness.　　3.　Instead,wehadapop－upcamperwithcomfortablebedsandanairconditioner.Mynature－lovingfriendshadrememberedtobringallthenecessitiesoflife.

　4.　　Wehavedonealotofitsince.Recently,weboughtatwenty－eight－foottraveltrailercompletewithabathroomandabuilt－inTVset.Thereisaseparatebedroom,amodernkitchenwitharefrigerator.Thetrailerevenhasmatchingcarpetandcurtains.

　5.　　Itmustbetruethatsoonerorlater,everyonefindshisorherwaybacktonature.Irecommendthatyoufindyourwayinstyle.

A．Thistimetherewasnotent.

B．Thingsaregoingtobeimproved.

C．Thetriptheytookmeonwasaroughone.

D．Iwastolearnalotaboutcampingsincethen,however.

E．ImustsaythatIhavecertainlycometoenjoycamping.

F．Afterthetrip,myfamilybecamequiteinterestedincamping.

G．Therewasnoshadeasthetreeswerenomorethan3feettall.

文章大意：

本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者对野营活动由抵触到喜欢的转变过程。

1.D解析：

考查上下文的连贯。

上文说，作者一开始对野营产生过抵触情绪。

但是，从下文可知，作者后来喜欢上了野营活动。

本空表示意义的转折，承上启下，为下文做铺垫。

故选D。

【变式探究】（2017·全国Ⅱ）

Interruptionsareoneoftheworstthingstodealwithwhileyou'retryingtogetworkdone.　　1.　　，thereareseveralwaystohandlethings.Let'stakealookatthemnow.

2.　Tellthepersonyou'resorryandexplainthatyouhaveamillionthingstodoandthenaskifthetwoofyoucantalkatadifferenttime.

Whenpeopletrytointerruptyou,havesethoursplannedandletthemknowtocomebackduringthattimeorthatyou'llfindthemthen.　　3.　　.Itcanhelptoeliminate（消除）futureinterruptions.

Whenyouneedtosomeone,don'tdoitinyourownoffice.　　4.　　，it'smucheasiertoexcuseyourselftogetbacktoyourworkthanifyoutrytogetsomeoneoutofyourspaceevenafterexplaininghowbusyyouareIfyouhaveadoortoyouroffice,makegooduseofit.　　5.　　.Ifsomeoneknocksandit'snotanimportantmatter.Excuseyourselfandletthepersonknowyou'rebusysotheycangetthehint（暗示）thanwhenthedoorisclosed,you'renottobedisturbed.xkw

A．Ifyou'rebusy,don'tfeelbadaboutsayingno

B．Whenyouwanttoavoidinterruptionsatwork

C．Setboundariesforyourselfasyourtimegoes

D．Ifyou'reintheotherperson'sofficeorinapublicarea

E．It'simportantthatyouletthemknowwhenyou'llbeavailable

F．Itmightseemunkindtocutpeopleshirtwhentheyinterruptyou

G．Leaveitopenwhenyou'reavailabletotalkandcloseitwhenyou'renot

文章大意：

本文是一篇说明文，介绍了避免工作时被打断的几种方法。

4.D解析：

考查承启句。

根据上文的“don'tdoitinyourownoffice”以及下文的“excuseyourselftogetbacktoyourwork”可知，你如果不在自己的办公室里，就更容易给自己找到借口返回来工作。

故选D项。

5.G解析：

考查承启句。

根据本段的首句“Ifyouhaveadoortoyouroffice，makegooduseofit”以及下文的“whenthedoorisclosed”可知，G项符合文意。

（2017·北京）

Everyanimalsleeps,butthereasonforthishasremainedfoggy.Whenlabratsarenotallowedtosleep,theydiewithinamonth.　　1.　　

Oneideaisthatsleephelpsusstrengthennewmemories.　　2.　　Weknowthat,whileawake,freshmemoriesarerecordedbyreinforcing（加强）connectionsbetweenbraincells,butthememoryprocessesthattakeplacewhilewesleephavebeenunclear.

Supportisgrowingforatheorythatsleepevolvedsothatconnectionsbetweenneurons（神经元）inthebraincanbeweakenedovernight,makingroomforfreshmemoriestoformthenextday.　　3.　　

Nowwehavethemostdirectevidenceyetthatheisright.　　4.　　Thesynapsesinthemicetakenattheendofaperiodofsleepwere18percentsmallerthanthosetakenbeforesleep,showingthattheconnectionsbetweenneuronsweakenwhilesleeping.

IfTononi'stheoryisright,itwouldexplainwhy,whenwemissanight's,wefinditharderthenextdaytoconcentrateandlearnnewinformation－ourbrainsmayhavesmallerroomfornewexperiences.

Theirresearchalsosuggestshowwemaybuildlastingmemoriesovertimeeventhoughthesynapsesbecomethinner.Theteamdiscoveredthatsomesynapsesseemtobeprotectedandstayedthesamesize.　5.　　“Youkeepwhatmatters，”Tononisays.

A．Weshouldalsotrytosleepwellthenightbefore.

B．It'sasifthebrainispreservingitsmostimportantmemories.

C．Similarly,whenpeoplegoforafewdayswithoutsleeping,theygetsick.

D．Theprocessestakeplacetostopourbrainsbecomingloadedwithmemories.

E．That'swhystudentsdobetterintestsiftheygetachancetosleepafterlearning.

F．“Sleepisthepricewepayforlearning，”saysGiulioTononi,whodevelopedtheidea.

G．Tononi'steammeasuredthesizeoftheseconnections,orsynapses,inthebrainsof12mice.

文章大意：

这是一篇说明文。

文中主要探讨了充足的睡眠帮助人们巩固新记忆，为第二天的全新记忆腾出空间。

1.C解析：

考查前后句的连贯。

所有的动物都睡觉，但其原因仍然是谜。

当实验室的老鼠不被允许睡觉时，它们一个月内就死了。

同样，人类如果连续几天不睡觉，就会生病。

所以C项正确。

2.E解析：

考查前后句的连贯。

第二段首句指出一个观点，即睡眠帮助人们巩固新的记忆。

而E项则支

【变式探究】（2017·浙江）

HowtoDoMan－on－the－StreetInterviews

Theman－on－the－streetinterviewisaninterviewinwhichareporterhitsthestreetswithacameramantointerviewpeopleonthesport.　　1.　　Butwiththesetips,yourfirstman－on－the－streetinterviewexperiencecanbeeasy.

Whenyourbossorprofessorsendsyououttodoman－on－the－streetinterviewsforastory,thinkaboutthetopicanddevelopalistofabouttengeneralquestionsrelatingtoit.Forexample,ifyourtopicisaboutenvironmentalproblemsinAmerica,youmightask,“WhydoyouthinkenvironmentalprotectionisimportantinAmerica？

”　　2.　　

Hitthestreetswithconfidence.　　3.　　Say,“Excuseme,IworkforXYZNews,andIwaswonderingifyoucouldshareyouropinionaboutthistopic.”Thisisaquickwaytogetpeopletowarmuptoyou.

●Moveontothenextpersonifsomeonetellsyousheisnotinterestedintalkingoncamera.Don'tgetdiscouraged.

●　　4.　　Eachinterviewthatyougetonthestreetshouldn'tbelongerthantenminutes.Assoonasyougettheansweryouneed,moveontothenextperson.Makesurethatasyougofrominterviewtointerview,youaregettingavarietyofanswers.Ifeveryoneisgivingyouthesameanswer,youwon'tbeabletouseit.Asafenumberofinterviewstoconductisaboutsixtoten.　　5.　　

●Ifyournewsstationorschoolrequiresintervieweestosignreleaseformstoappearontheair,don'tleaveworkwithoutthem.

A.Limityourtime.

B.Asyouapproachpeople,bepolite.

C.Ifyoudon'townacamera,youcanbuyone.

D.Fornewreporters,thiscanseemlikeachallengingtask.

E.Togetgoodandusefulresults,askthemthesamequestion.

F.Thatnumberofinterviewsshouldgiveyoualltheanswersyouneed.

G.Withaquestionlikethis,youwillgetmorethana“Yes”or“No”reply.

文章大意：

本文是一篇说明文。

街头采访对于新手记者来说可能是一大挑战，但只要按照作者在文章中提到的几个技巧来做，你也可以完美地完成任务。

1.D解析：

解本题可用句意判断法。

由空格后的but以及canbeeasy可以反推，该空讲的应该是街头采访并非易事，选项D“对于新手记者，这可能像是一项有挑战性的任务”符合语境。

本设空类型为过渡句类。

2.G解析：

解本题可用词汇锁定法。

本段说去采访前要列出大约十个与采访话题相关的问题，并在空前给出例子“Whydoyouthink...？

”选项G中Withaquestionlikethis中的question指的就是这个问句。

本设空类型为细节理解类。

【变式探究】（2016·北京）

TheScienceofRisk－Seeking

Sometimeswedecidethatalittleunnecessarydangerisworthitbecausewhenweweightheriskandthereward,theriskseemsworthtasking.　　1.　　Someofusenjoyactivitiesthatwouldsurpriseandscaretherestofus.Why?

Expertssayitmayhavetodowithhowourbrainswork.x^kw

Thereasonwhyanyofustakeanyrisksatallmighthavetodowithearlyhumans.Risk－takerswerebetterathunting,fighting,orexploring.　　2.　　Asthequalityofrisk－takingwaspassedfromonegenerationtothenext,humansendedupwithasenseofadventureandatoleranceforrisk.

Sowhyaren'twealljumpingoutofairplanesthen?

Well,even200,000yearsago,toomuchrisk－takingcouldgetonekilled.Afewdaringsurvived,though,alongwithafewstay－in－the－cavetypes.Asaresult,humansdevelopedarangeofcharactertypesthatstillexiststoday.Somaybeyoulovecarracing,ormaybeyouhateit.　　3.　　

Nomatterwhereyouareontherisk－seekingrange,scientistssaythatyourwillingnesstotakerisksincreasesduringyourteenageyears.　　4.　　Tohelpyoudothat,yourbrainincreasesyourhungerfornewexperiences.Newexperiencesoftenmeantakingsomerisks,soyourbrainraisesyourtoleranceforriskaswell.

　5.　　Fortherisk－seekersapartofthebrainrelatedtopleasurebecomesactive,whilefortherestofus,apartofthebrainrelatedtofearbecomesactive.

Asexpertscontinuetostudythescienceofrisk－seeking,we'llcontinuetohitthemountains,thewavesortheshallowendofthepool.

A．Italldependsonyourcharacter.

B．Thosearetherisksyoushouldjumptotake.

C．Beingbetteratthosethingsmeantagreaterchanceofsurvival.

D．Thus,thesewell－equippedpeoplesurvivedbecausetheywerethefittest.

E．Thisiswhenyoustarttomoveawayfromyourfamilyandintothebiggerworld.

F．However,wearenotallusingthesamereferencestandardtoweighrisksandrewards.

G．Newbrainresearchs