ASLA景观专业奖30规划与分析荣誉奖Park A Cradle to Cradle Inspired.docx
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ASLA景观专业奖30规划与分析荣誉奖Park A Cradle to Cradle Inspired.docx
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ASLA景观专业奖30规划与分析荣誉奖ParkACradletoCradleInspired
2010ASLA景观专业奖{30}规划与分析荣誉奖:
Park20/20:
ACradletoCradleInspired
发布时间:
2011-3-7
关键词:
景观2010ASLA低碳可持续绿色美国荷兰区域规划WilliamMcDonough+Partners
非常感谢设计方WilliamMcDonough+Partners将英文介绍和项目图片(部分同美国景观协会奖项说明)
授权gooood发行。
AppreciationtowardsWilliamMcDonough+Partnersforprovidingthefollowingdescription:
Tomeetourclient’sgoalofcreatingthefirstfullserviceCradletoCradledevelopmentinthe
Netherlands,WM+Pisdesigninganinspirationalenvironmentthatstimulatesthecreativityand
effectivenessofemployeesbycreatingsafeandhealthyplacesforworkandrecreation.
Respondingtoitsuniquecultural,environmentalandcontextualchallenges,thePark20|20master
plancreatesamixed-usedevelopmentthatsynthesizestheissuesofaccessandmobility,
connectivity,passivedesign,andintegratedenergy,waterandwastemanagementsystems.Thesite,
adjacenttoSchipholAirport,provideseasyaccesstotheregionandbeyondthroughair,rail,bus,
andbicycleroutes.Greenzones,urbanplazas,publicgardensandcanalboardwalkswithinPark
20|20encourageaconnectiontothelargercommunity.Eachbuilding’ssizeandmassingis
optimizedforsolarorientationsothattheseexteriorgreenspacesandthebuildinginteriorsare
floodedwithdaylight.Amodelofholistic,closed-loopdesign,Park20|20willfunctionasa
dynamicenvironmentalsystemthatenhancesthelocalcommunity,itsecosystemanditseconomy.
“Trulyabeautifullyexecutedstudy,whichintegratesmanyprogrammaticuseswithBoldgesturesof
design,andrespondstoallaspectsofsustainability,sensitivesiteplanning,andcultural
integration.”
—2010ProfessionalAwardsJury
ApplicationofSustainability
Park20/20isanewmodelofsustainabledevelopment,conceivedasthefirstlarge-scaleurban
developmentintheNetherlandstoimplementtheCradletoCradle(C2C)designphilosophy.Located
withinaman-made"culturallandscape"ofaDutchpolder(landreclaimedfromtheseas),the
planningconceptspromoteregenerativedesignagendaofC2Cphilosophyatallscales,fromregional
ecologicalconnectivitytoenhancedlandscapebiodiversity,andfromworkplacehealthandwell-
beingtoneighborhoodconnectivity.Integratedwithintheurbanplanarehighlyeffectivedistrict
waste,energyandwatersystemthateliminatewastefulnessthroughoutthecomplex.
Planninggoalsandobjectives
Goalsandobjectivesaddresseachprongofsustainability:
•Social—respondsensitivitytotheuniqueDutch"culturallandscape,"enhanceconnectivitywith
adjacentcommunity,providemixed-useamenitiestoadjacentcommunity,createahealthyworkplace
environment,andreduceregionaltrafficcongestionthroughtransit-orienteddevelopment
•Environmental—mitigateclimatechangethroughrenewablysourcedandpassiveenergystrategies,
createcradletocradlecyclesthatpromotehealthandeliminatewaste,andenhancebiodiversity
andregionalecologicalconnectivity
•Economic—increaseeconomicviabilityofarea,attractandretainworkforce,extendlifecycleof
thebuildings,createmarketplacedistinction,andpromoteadevelopmentofviablesizeanddensity
toallowintegrateddistrict-scaledinfrastructure.
Keyenvironmentaldatacollected/analyzedandmethod:
•Solarpathdiagram—mappingpathofthesunthroughthedayandyeartodetermineoptimalsolar
orientationforpassiveenergystrategiesandtooptimizesolaraccessacrosssiteduringthe
wintermonth.
•Windrosediagram—todeterminetheprevailingbreezeforsiteandbuildingventilation
strategiesandwinterwindsforprotectionstrategiesinwinter.
•Localandregionalecologicalnetwork—tooptimizelinkageofsitelandscape.
•Polderwatermanagement—tounderstandsitedesignimpactsofuniqueDutchcanalsystem,
flooding,waterlevelstabilization,etc.
•Dutchenvironmentalpolicy—highlightinglackofbiodiversityasthemostsignificant
environmentalthreatfollowedbysea-levelriseduetoclimatechange.
Keysocialdatawerecollected/analyzedandmethod:
•HistoricandculturalcontextoftheuniqueDutchpolderandculturallandscape—tounderstand
applicationofthe"poldergrammatical"(elementsofthelandscape).
•Regionalandlocalplanningdocuments—tounderstandcontextandrequirements.
•Characterandlanduseoftheadjacentcommunity—tooptimizeconnectivity.
•Mobilityandaccess—toestablishrangeofwalkabledistancestonearbytransitstations.
•ProximityofSchipholInternationalAirport—forrestrictionsduetoflightpathandnoise.
•Newmodelsforenhancedworkplaceenvironment—fordevelopmentprogramming.
Considerationofmasterplanningoptionsanddesignprocess
Acollaborativeeffortbyplanners,landscapearchitectsandarchitectsdevelopedconceptual
planningalternativestoexplorerelationshipofseveralkeyplanninginformants:
•Integrationofoptimumsolarandwindorientation(toreduceenergydemand)forbuildingwithin
thecontextofthetighturbanblockandthedevelopmentprogramrequirementsbyadjustingthe
buildingmassingtoensuresolaraccessinwinter.
•Integrationofregenerativelandscapestrategiesrespectfulofthe"culturallandscape"andthe
distinctplanningtemplateofthe"poldergrammatical"(narrowlotsandorthogonalroads,
vegetation,andcanals)by:
introducingamoreecologicallydiverseplantpalette,usingthe
landscapestandardsinexteriorplantingandcreatingamorebiologicallyrobustinteriorgardens,
connectingtheinteriorgardenstoregionalecologywithlandscapecorridors,creatingadditional
landscapeareaonroofssurfacesandparkingdecks.
•Implementationofeffectivedistrict-scaledsustainableinfrastructureapproachesbyaligning
scaleandtypesoflanduses(i.e.,hoteldemandforhotwaterwithofficewastewatertreatment
outputofbiogasfuelforheating)andcreatingacentralizedtreatmentfacilityforwastewater,
energyandstormwateronsite.
•ImplementationofC2Cagendaofwaste-freedesignbytreatingwastewateronsite,capturing
energyandsoilamendments,andeliminatingsewagedischarge.
Howinterestedpartieswereinvolvedintheproject
ThemasterplanningprocessinvolvedconsultationwithmunicipalityplannerstoensurethatPark
20/20respectedtheregionalandmunicipalmasterplans.Communityinterestswererepresentedin
thereviewandapprovalprocess,includingpolicyandtechnicalreviewbyappropriateAldermenand
theCityCouncil.
Howtheprojectwasorwouldbeimplemented
Park20/20masterplanreceivedunanimousapprovalbytheCityCouncilofBeukenhorstinJune2009.
SiteandarchitecturaldesignofPhaseI(twobuildings)commencedinFall2009andisutilizing
C2Cprotocolformaterialspecification.ConstructiononthefirstbuildingwillbegininMarch
2010.
Howprojectisorwillbeadministeredandormonitored
Park20/20isbeingdevelopedbyaprivatedevelopmentcompany.Regionalandnationalgovernment
entitiesareinvolvedineconomicdevelopmentaspectsasitseenasashowcaseofcradletocradle
designandanewbenchmarkforregionaldevelopment.Bothsustainabilityandcradletocradle
commitmentsaretermsofthecontractbetweenthedeveloperandthegovernment.
“研究做得做得非常漂亮,集成运用了许多大胆的设计手法,并兼顾可持续发展,敏感的场地规划,文化整合等各个方面。
”
-2010专业奖评审委员会
20/20公园位于荷兰,在一块填海地上,是一个可持续城市发展的新模式。
规划理念促进各尺度上:
从“摇篮到摇篮”理念的再生性设计,从区域性生态连通性到现场的生物多样性;从工作场所的健康与福利到邻里的通达性。
将高效的地区性垃圾处理系统、能源供应和水系统整合处理,消除了各种各样的浪费。
各个方面的可持续性要点:
O社会:
独具特色的“荷兰文化景观”,嘉庆邻里联系,提供综合性设施,营造健康工作环境,并减少交通拥挤现象。
O环境:
通过可再生能源和被动式策略应对气候变化,创造摇篮到摇篮(周而复始)周期,促进健康,杜绝浪费,加强生物多样性和区域生态连接。
O经济:
提高地区经济活力,留住人员,延长建筑寿命,创造多样性市场,促进具有密度的发展规模,集中布置基础设施。
重要的环境数据收集,分析及方法
O观测太阳路径,确定最佳被动式能源战略,优化整个场地布局,使冬季太阳也能到达。
O根据风玫瑰图确定场地建筑的关系,保证良好通风,并避免冬季盛行风。
O优化并联系区域与社区的生态网络。
O了解荷兰的运河系统,最高水位线,常水线,进行水管理,并影响到场地设计。
O海平面上升之后的对策研究(荷兰必须面对的环境),以及气候变化威胁生物多样性的对策研究。
重要的社会数据收集,分析和方法:
O了解荷兰独特的圩田(围海造的低田)的历史和背景,应运用在景观元素中。
O了解区域和地方规划文件。
O了解邻里和社区的土地使用特征,以便优化联系。
O在适宜的步行范围内设定交通中转站。
O因为临近Schiphol国际机场,由于航班的造成的噪音和干扰。
O在发展规划下指定适宜的新工作模式适应新环境。
方案及设计过程:
这是一个由规划师,景观师,建筑师通力合作的概念规划方案,探讨了几个主要的关系:
O整合优化太阳能和风能(为了减低能耗):
调节建筑布局使其紧密,具有效率。
群体能够获得更多的太阳能,并且人们在冬季也能够获得足够阳光。
O再生景观战略:
尊重文化景观,实行独特的“圩田语法”,引入多样植物,在绿化外缘使用(景观)标准植物,在内部创造一个复合性生态花园。
创造地域生态系统,并用生态廊道将其与其它生态斑块联系,在停车场和屋顶创造出更多的绿化面。
O有效的可持续性地区规模基础设施:
调整土地用途与规模,将办公产生的废物能量用于宾馆加热水系统,中央水处理系统处理污水,暴雨。
OC2C计划执行:
在场地上消化污水,使用其能量,取有效部分改良土壤,消除污水排放。
1Park20/20advancesanewmodelofsustainableurbanismbyincorporatingCradletoCradledesign
philosophyandintegratedsitesystemsconceptsattheearlieststagesofplanningmixed-use
transit-orienteddevelopmentintheSchipholInternationalAirportdevelopmentzone.
Park20/20可持续城市,是一个临近Schiphol国际机场的综合性区域,因其纳入“摇篮到摇篮”的规划理念而成为新典范。
2HistoricContextDutchPolderLandscape.Thesiteislocatedinapolder(landreclaimedfrom
sea)withdistinctgrainofpreindustrialeraparcelization.Thisiconicman-madeenvironmentis
reveredasNetherlands'"culturallandscape"yetmodern-daypoldersarechallengedbylimited
biodiversityandrisingsealevel.
荷兰圩田历史文化景观。
图上为不同时期的场地变化。
这种人造环境属于荷兰的文化景观,但是受到了有限的生物多样性制约及海平面上升所带来的挑战。
3PlanningContextBeukenhorstZuidMasterPlan.Park20/20integratestheregional"polder
grammatical"oforthogonalroads,vegetation,andcanalswithinalargerdevelopmentareathan
typical(narrowlotandrationalparcelization)tocreateaneconomiccasefordistrict-scaled
infrastructureandothersustainabledesignstrategies.
场地位置,一个道路和运河正交围合出来的大面积四方用地,需建立一个地区性规模的基础设计和可持续设计战略。
4SiteAnalysisEcologicalIntegrationandConnectivity.Inagriculturaluseforcenturies,the
sitehaslimitedvegetation,habitatorbiodiversity.Themaster
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