高考英语专项练习阅读理解第二节一.docx
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高考英语专项练习阅读理解第二节一.docx
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高考英语专项练习阅读理解第二节一
第二节 推理判断题
一、细节推断题
(2019·全国Ⅱ,B)
“Youcanusemeasalastresort(选择),andifnobodyelsevolunteers,thenIwilldoit.”ThiswasanactualreplyfromaparentafterIputoutarequestforvolunteersformykids’lacrosse(长曲棍球)club.
Iguessthatthere’sprobablysomedemandingworkschedule,orsocialanxietyaroundsteppinguptohelpforanunknownsport.Shemayjustneedalittlepersuading.SoItryagainandtugattheheartstrings.ImentionthesingleparentwithfourkidsrunningtheshowandItalkaboutthedadcoachingateamthathiskidsaren’tevenon...Atthispointtheunwillingparentspeaksup,“Alright.Yes,I’lldoit.”
I’msecretlyrelievedbecauseIknowthere’srealpowerinsharingvolunteerresponsibilitiesamongmany.Theunwillingparentorganizesthemealschedule,sendsoutemails,andcollectsmoneyforendofseasongifts.Somewherealongtheway,thesameparentendsupbecominganinvaluablememberoftheteam.Thecoachisabletofocusonthekidswhiletheotherparentsarerelievedtobeoffthehookforanotherseason.Handingoutslicedorangestobloodthirstykidscanbeasexcitingaswatchingyourownkidscoreagoal.
Still,mostofusvolunteersbreatheasighofreliefwhentheseasoncomestoaclose.Thatreliefiscoupledwithadeepunderstandingofwhythesamepeoplekeepcomingbackformore:
Connectingtothecommunity(社区)asyoufreelygiveyourtime,money,skills,orservicesprovidesarealjoy.Volunteeringjustfeelssogood.
Inthatsense,I’mprettysurevolunteeringismoreofaselfishactthanI’dfreelyliketoadmit.However,ifothersbenefitintheprocess,andIgetsomerewardtoo,doesitreallymatterwheremymotivationlies?
语篇解读 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。
文章介绍了作者成功地说服了一名家长参加志愿者团队;而作为一名志愿者,作者发挥了自己的作用,并获得了快乐。
24.WhatcanweinferabouttheparentfromherreplyinParagraph1?
A.Sheknowslittleabouttheclub.
B.Sheisn’tgoodatsports.
C.Shejustdoesn’twanttovolunteer.
D.She’sunabletomeetherschedule.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。
根据第一段第一句“Youcanusemeasalastresort(选择),andifnobodyelsevolunteers,thenIwilldoit.”可知,这位家长要求把她当作最后的选择,如果没有其他的志愿者,她再做。
由此可推断出,她不想做志愿者。
故选C。
25.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“tugattheheartstrings”inParagraph2mean?
A.Encourageteamwork.
B.Appealtofeelings.
C.Promotegooddeeds.
D.Provideadvice.
答案 B
解析 词义猜测题。
根据画线短语所在句的前一句“Shemayjustneedalittlepersuading.”和后一句“ImentionthesingleparentwithfourkidsrunningtheshowandItalkaboutthedadcoachingateamthathiskidsaren’tevenon...”可知,作者为了劝服这位家长,举了两个例子。
由此可知,画线处应是“煽情”之意。
故选B。
26.WhatcanwelearnabouttheparentfromParagraph3?
A.Shegetsinterestedinlacrosse.
B.Sheisproudofherkids.
C.She’llworkforanotherseason.
D.Shebecomesagoodhelper.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。
根据第三段中这位家长作出的贡献及“thesameparentendsupbecominganinvaluablememberoftheteam”可知,她最终成了志愿者队伍中重要的一员,也就是说,她成了一个好帮手。
故选D。
27.Whydoestheauthorlikedoingvolunteerwork?
A.Itgivesherasenseofduty.
B.Itmakesherveryhappy.
C.Itenableshertoworkhard.
D.Itbringshermaterialrewards.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。
根据第四段最后两句“Connectingtothecommunity(社区)asyoufreelygiveyourtime,money,skills,orservicesprovidesarealjoy.Volunteeringjustfeelssogood.”可知,为社区做贡献可以带来真正的乐趣,参加志愿者活动使她感觉很快乐。
故选B。
一、题型解读
细节推断题要求考生根据语篇内容,推断具体细节,如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件等。
一般可根据短文提供的信息,或者借助生活常识进行推理判断。
考生只有正确把握文章的内在关系,理解文章的真正含义,才可能作出准确的推断。
一般题干主要包括六个动词:
infer(推断),indicate(象征,暗示),imply(暗示),suggest(暗示),conclude(作出结论)和assume(假定,设想)。
该类型的命题方式常常以下列形式呈现:
1.Itcanbeinferred/concludedfromthetextthat.
2.Whatcanweinfer/learnfrom...?
3.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat.
4.Thepassage/story...indicates/suggests/impliesthat.
二、解题技巧——关键词句细推敲
第一步:
定位细节——根据题干提供的信息,抓住某一段话的关键信息(关键词语)。
第二步:
揣摩细节——对原文中的信息进行分析,推理判断,利用逆向思维和正向推理,从而推断出这句话所隐含的深层含义。
注意:
1.切勿拿文章中的某一个细节内容作为推理的结论。
2.切勿脱离原文而凭个人看法主观臆断。
例如:
【真题感悟】中的24题,根据文章第一段第一句“Youcanusemeasalastresort(选择),andifnobodyelsevolunteers,thenIwilldoit.”可推断出,她不想做志愿者。
故选C。
A
Thisweek,amammoth(猛犸象)possiblykilledbyhumans10,000to15,000yearsagowasfoundinsoyfieldsabout50mileswestofDetroit.ItwasfoundbyfarmerJamesBristleandhisneighborTrentSatterthwaite,whowerereportedlydigginginthefield.Atfirst,theycouldn’t1figureoutwhattheywereseeing.
“Itwasprobablyaribbonethatcameup,”BristletellsAnnArborNews.“Wethoughtitwasabentfence9post.”Uponcloser6inspection,however,itbecamecleareventountrainedeyesthiswasnofencepost.“Weknewitwassomethingspecial.”Thentheyspedupthedig.
AfterfindingthebonesMondaynight,BristlecalledtheUniversityofMichiganTuesdaymorningtoreporthisfind.ScientistDanielFisherarrivedtoinspectitWednesday,andbyThursdaymorninghehad2confirmedit’sawoollymammoth.Heconcludestheanimalwasabout40yearsoldwhenitdied.Itwashuntedbyhumans,hesays,whokilleditandstoredtheremainsinapondasawayof7preservingthemeatforfutureuse.It’s4stilltooearlytotellexactlyhowitdied,FishertellsDetroit’sWWJTV,“buttheskeletonshowedsignsofhuman’sbutchering.”
11Thebonesarebeing3temporarilystorednearby,accordingtotheFreePress,anditremainsunclearwherethey’lleventuallyendup.Theirresearchvaluewillbedeterminedoncethey’vebeencleanedanddried.
WoollymammothsoncelivedinEurasiaandNorthAmerica,andmostdisappearedby10,000yearsago—ademise(终止)thathasbeenlinkednotonlytohumans,butalsotochangingclimate.It’snowbelievedthatwarmingweather8weakenedtheirpopulationsbeforehumansdealtthefinalblows.
语篇解读 一位农民及其邻居在底特律附近的地里发现了猛犸象的尸骨,迹象表明它们是被人类捕杀的。
科学家们对此正在进行进一步的研究。
1.HowdidJamesBristleandhisneighborfindwhattheyfoundatfirst?
A.It’sdelicate.B.It’sold.
C.It’sunique.D.It’sworthless.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。
根据第二段第一、二句“‘Itwasprobablyaribbonethatcameup,’BristletellsAnnArborNews.‘Wethoughtitwasabentfencepost.’”可知,JamesBristle和他邻居认为最早发现的猛犸象的肋骨是一根弯曲的栅栏柱子,没有什么价值。
故选D。
2.Whatcanweknowaboutthemammothaccordingtothetext?
A.Itmightdieinits40s.
B.ItwasnativetoEurasia.
C.Itpreferredwalkinginthefields.
D.Itmainlydiedfromclimatechange.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。
根据第三段第三句“Heconcludestheanimalwasabout40yearsoldwhenitdied.”可知,这头猛犸象死时大约40岁。
故选A。
3.WhichisDanielFisher’sopinion?
A.Thebonesarewellworthstudying.
B.Themammothwaskilledbyabutcher.
C.Thenewfoundsitehasevidenceofhumanactivity.
D.It’sunclearwhethertheboneswereamammoth’s.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。
根据第三段第四句“Itwashuntedbyhumans,hesays,whokilleditandstoredtheremainsinapondasawayofpreservingthemeatforfutureuse.”和最后一句中的“...buttheskeletonshowedsignsofhuman’sbutchering.”可知,DanielFisher认为发现猛犸象的地方以前有人类活动的痕迹。
故选C。
4.Whatdoestheunderlinedpartinthelastparagraphmean?
A.Driedtheirbones.
B.Tooktheirlives.
C.Destroyedtheirhome.
D.Preservedtheirmeat.
答案 B
解析 句意猜测题。
此处指现在人们相信在人类对它们进行最后的打击之前,气候变暖使猛犸象的数量减少了。
人类的最后打击指人类对猛犸象的大量捕杀。
故选B。
B
(2019·山东济南质检)
Barcelona’sfamousSegradaFamiliaisfinallysettogetabuildinglicence,137yearsafterworkonthestilluncompletedchurchbegan.
12ConstructionontheUNESCOWorldHeritagebasilica(长方形基督教堂),whichisBarcelona’smostvisitedtouristattraction,beganin1882basedonadesignbyarchitectFranciscoLozano.However,whenhesteppeddown,architectAntoniGauditookoverthedesignin1883.Thebuildingwon’tbefinisheduntil2026—onehundredyearsafterthearchitectwaskilledbyastreetcarinthecity.HisbodywasburiedinaroomundertheflooroftheSagradaFamilia.
Togetitspaperworkrubber10stamped,thechurchauthoritieshaveagreedtofinallypaythegovernmenta36millionfeeforabuildingpermit.Gaudiwastoldtogetthepaperworkprocessed,butthearchitectfailedtodoso—proceedingwithconstructionregardless.Themoneyfromthechurch’spermitwillbeusedtoupgradetransportlinksandbeautifythearea.GaudiandhisworkshavebecomesymbolsofBarcelona,thecapitalcityofCatalonia,northeastSpain.
GaudiplayedanactiveroleindirectingtheconstructionoftheSagradaFamiliauntilhisdeathin1926.Hewouldoftenrequestthatworkbemodifiedandadjusteduntilitwasexactlywhathehadinmind.However,5interpretationofthedesignsbypresentdayarchitectsisparticularlychallengingbecauseofthenatureoftheexistingdesigns.
TheunfinishedbuildingiscalledamasterpieceofGothicarchitectureanditisperhapsthemostuniqueandmysteriousbuildinginthestyleeverconstructed.Thepopularityofthesitewithtouristshashelpedfundthepushtocompletethechurchandpayforthepaperwork.
语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。
文章讲述了巴塞罗那著名的SegradaFamilia教堂终于获得了建筑许可。
这座137年前开始建造的尚未完工的教堂又开始动工了。
5.WhatdoweknowabouttheSegradaFamilia?
A.Ithasbeencompletelyconstructed.
B.ItwasfirstdesignedbyAntoniGaudi.
C.Itwillgetabuildingpermitin2026.
D.Itbegantobebuilt137yearsago.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。
根据第一段“Barcelona’sfamousSegradaFamiliaisfinallysettogetabuildinglicence,137yearsafterworkonthestilluncompletedchurchbegan.”可知,SegradaFamilia始建于137年前。
故选D。
6.WhatcanweinferaboutAntoniGaudi?
A.Hewishedtobeburiedinthechurch.
B.Heisrememberedasagreatarchitect.
C.Hedidn’tknowapermitwasnecessary.
D.Heistoblamefortheunfinishedchurch.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。
根据第三段最后一句“GaudiandhisworkshavebecomesymbolsofBarcelona,thecapitalcityofCatalonia,northeastSpain.”和第四段第一句“GaudiplayedanactiveroleindirectingtheconstructionoftheSagradaFamiliauntilhisdeathin1926.”可推知,AntoniGaudi是一位伟大的建筑师。
故选B。
7.WhatmakestheSegradaFamiliasopopular?
A.Itsunusualdesignstyle.
B.Itstwofamousarchitects.
C.Itsspecialbuildingmaterials.
D.Itsillegalconstructionpaperwork.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。
根据最后一段第一句“TheunfinishedbuildingiscalledamasterpieceofGothicarchitectureanditisperhap
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