美国文学史20页梗概.docx
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美国文学史20页梗概.docx
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美国文学史20页梗概
美国文学重点
TheRomanticPeriod
Fromtheendofthe18thcenturytotheoutbreakoftheCivilWar.StartedwithWashingtonIrving's
-WaltWhitman,whose
WashingtonIrving
-oneofthefirstAmericanwriterstoearnaninternationalreputation,anearlyRomanticwriter,andFatheroftheAmericanshortstories,“theAmericanGoldsmith”
regardedasawriterwho“perfectedthebestclassicstylethatAmericanliteratureeverproduced.”
Firstnovel
→containsGermanfolktales
READING:
excerptfrom“RipVanWinkle”瑞普·凡·温可尔
Itisnotonlywell-knownforRip’s20-yearsleepbutalsoconsideredamodelofperfectEnglishinAmericanliteratureandintheEnglishlanguageaswell.
RalphWaldoEmerson-thespokesmanofNewEnglandTranscendentalism(超验主义)movement
HenryDavidThoreau梭罗-
READING:
excerptfromNature
NathanielHawthorne
Interior(内部)oftheheart,‘thereisevilineveryhumanheart,whichmayremainlatent,perhaps,throughthewholelife,butcircumstancesmayrouseittoactivity’,soinalmosteverybook,Hawthornediscusssinandevil.
READING:
YoungGoodmanBrown小伙子布朗
WaltWhitman
Openness,freedom,individualism
I-me,mynation(society),Freeverse(自由体诗),Envelopestructure(信件结构),Catalogue(Listing)
Anewideal,anewworld,anewlife-style
READING;1.ThereWasaChildWentForth2.CavalryCrossingaFord3.SongofMyself
HermanMelville-amasterofallegoryandsymbolism,likeHawthorne
READING:
excerptfromMoby-Dick
Ishmaelbothasacharacterandanarrator;thecaptain,Ahabisamonomaniac(狂热者)whosesinglepurposeistocapturethefierce,cunning(狡猾的)whitewhale,MobyDick,whichhadtornawayhisleg.
TheRealisticPeriod:
1865-1914
Realisticperiod–“theGilded(富有的)Age”,thepoorpoorerandtherichricher,people'sattentionwasnowdirectedtotheinterestingfeaturesofeverydayexistence
Localcolorism,socialDarwinism,bestiality,beyondman'scontrol
3dominantfiguresoftheperiodareWilliamDeanHowells(美国现实文学先驱),MarkTwainandHenryJames.
✧HenryJames–“innerworld”ofman
✧Howells–focusedonrisingmiddleclass
✧MarkTwain–hisownregionandpeople,particular“localcolorism”
✧Localcolorists–SarahOrneJewett,JosephKirklandandHamlinGarland.
MarkTwain-thetruefatherofAmericanliterature
Localcolorist,vernacular(方言),simplesentence,wide-ranginghumor,bothrealisticallyandsymbolically,'thedamnedhumanrace'
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