初中英语名词讲解与练习.docx
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初中英语名词讲解与练习.docx
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初中英语名词讲解与练习
初中英语名词讲解与练习
(二)名词
I.名词的种类:
专有名词
普通名词
国名地名人名,团体机构名称
可数名词
不可数名词
个体名词
集体名词
抽象名词
物质名词
II.名词的数:
1.规则名词的复数形式:
名词的复数形式,一般在单数形式后面加-s或-es。
现将构成方法与读音规则列表如下:
规则
例词
1
一般情况在词尾加-s
map-maps,sea-seas,girl-girls,day-days
2
以s,x,ch,sh结尾的名词后加-es
class-classes,box-boxes,watch-watches,dish-dishes
3
以-f或-fe结尾的词
变-f和-fe为v再加-es
leaf-leaves,thief-thieves,knife-knives,loaf-loaves,wife-wives
加-s
belief-beliefs,chief-chiefs,proof-proofs,roof-roofs,gulf-gulfs
4
以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i加-es
party-parties,family-families,story-stories,city-cities
5
以元音字母加y结尾的名词,或专有名词以y结尾的,加-s
toy-toys,boy-boys,day-days,ray-rays,Henry-Henrys
6
以辅音字母加-o结尾的名词
有生命的加-es
hero-heroes,Negro-Negroes,potato-potatoes,tomato-tomatoes
无生命的加-s
piano-pianos,photo-photos,auto-autos,kilo-kilos,solo-solos
7
以元音字母加-o结尾的名词加-s
radio-radios,bamboo-bamboos,zoo-zoos
8
以-th结尾的名词加-s
truth-truths,mouth-mouths,month-months,path-paths,
9
以ce,se,ze,ge等结尾的名词加-s
case,oranges
2.不规则名词复数:
英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的,现归纳如下:
规则
例词
1
改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式
man-men,woman-women,foot-feet,goose-geese,mouse-mice
2
单复数相同
sheep,deer,series,means,works,fish,speciesli,yuan,jin,
3
只有复数形式
ashes,trousers,clothes,thanks,goods,glasses,compasses,contents
4
一些集体名词总是用作复数
people,police,cattle,staff
5
部分集体名词既可以作单数(整体)也可以作复数(成员)
audience,class,family,crowd,couple,group,committee,government,population,crew,team,public,enemy,party
6
复数形式表示特别含义
customs(海关),forces(军队),times(时代),spirits(情绪),drinks(饮料),sands(沙滩),papers(文件报纸),manners(礼貌),looks(外表),brains(头脑智力),greens(青菜),ruins(废墟)
7
表示“某国人”
加-s
Americans,Australians,Germans,Greeks,Swedes,Europeans
单复数同形
Swiss,Portuguese,Chinese,Japanese
以-man或-woman结尾的改为-men,-women
Englishmen,Frenchwomen
8
合成名词
将主体名词变为复数
sons-in-law,lookers-on,passers-by,story-tellers,boyfriends
无主体名词时将最后一部分变为复数
grown-ups,housewives,stopwatches
将两部分变为复数
womensingers,menservants
III.名词的所有格:
名词在句中表示所有关系的语法形式叫做名词所有格。
所有格分两种:
一是名词词尾加’s构成,二是由介词of加名词构成。
前者多表示有生命的东西,后者多表示无生命的东西。
1.’s所有格的构成:
单数名词在末尾加’s
theboy’sfather,Jack’sbook,herson-in-law’sphoto,
复数名词
一般在末尾加’
theteachers’room,thetwins’mother,
不规则复数名词后加’s
thechildren’stoys,women’srights,
以s结尾的人名所有格加’s或者’
Dickens’novels,Charles’sjob,theSmiths’house
表示各自的所有关系时,各名词末尾均须加’s
Japan’sandAmerica’sproblems,Jane’sandMary’sbikes
表示共有的所有关系时在最后一词末加’s
JapanandAmerica’sproblems,JaneandMary’sfather
表示"某人家""店铺",所有格后名词省略
thedoctor’s,thebarber’s,thetailor’s,myuncle’s
2.’s所有格的用法:
1
表示时间
today’snewspaper,fiveweeks’holiday
2
表示自然现象
theearth’satmosphere,thetree’sbranches
3
表示国家城市等地方的名词
thecountry’splan,theworld’spopulation,China’sindustry
4
表示工作群体
theship’screw,majority’sview,theteam’svictory
5
表示度量衡及价值
amile’sjourney,fivedollars’worthofapples
6
与人类活动有特殊关系的名词
thelife’stime,theplay’splot
7
某些固定词组
abird’seyeview,astone’sthrow,atone’swit’send(不知所措)
3.of所有格的用法:
用于无生命的东西:
thelegsofthechair,thecoverofthebook
用于有生命的东西,尤其是有较长定语时:
theclassroomsofthefirst-yearstudents
用于名词化的词:
thestruggleoftheoppressed
注:
不同国籍人的单复数
国籍总称(谓语用复数)单数复数
中国人the Chinese,a Chinese,two Chinese 瑞士人the Swiss,a Swiss,two Swiss
澳大利亚人the Australians,an Australian,two Australians俄国人the Russians,a Russian,two Russians
意大利人the Italians,an Italian,two Italians 希腊人the Greek,a Greek,two Greeks
法国人the French,a Frenchman,two Frenchmen 日本人the Japanese,a Japanese,two Japanese
美国人the Americans,an American,two Americans印度人the Indians,an Indian,two Indians
加拿大人the Canadians,a Canadian,two Canadians德国人the Germans,a German,two Germans
英国人the English,an Englishman,two Englishmen瑞典人the Swedish,a Swede,two Swedes
4.特殊的复数形式:
1)集体名词:
集体名词不能运用具体的数字修饰,下面的集体名词,不能用a,one,two等修饰,只能在其前加the表示“全体……”。
thepolice 警察(指全体警察)theEnglish 英国人(指全体英国人)
theFrench 法国人(指全体法国人)
2)复合名词
awomanteacher—womenteachers 女教师anEnglishman—Englishmen 英国男子
agrown-up—grown-ups 成人
abrother-in-law—brothers-in-law 内兄、内弟、小叔、大伯
5.不可数名词
专有名词:
NBA全美篮球协会MichaelJackson迈克杰克逊theWestLake 西湖
物质名词:
液体:
milkwater teacoffeejuiceoil(油)
肉类:
beefchickenmuttonpork
天气:
weatherrainsnowwindlight光
其他:
news(新闻,消息)bread(面包)
抽象名词:
funloveluckdutykindness善良happiness幸福progress进步
【注意】有些不可数的物质名词有复数形式,但表达不同意义。
tea—differentkindsofteas不同种类的茶
food食品—allkindsoffoods各种各样的食品
fruit水果—allkindsoffruits各种各样的水果
glass玻璃—aglass一个玻璃杯—glasses眼镜、玻璃杯
名词练习
1.The____oftheroomwerecoveredwith____.
A.roofs,leafs B.roofs,leaves C.rooves,leafs D.rooves,leaves
2.Therearethree____inourfactory.
A.womandoctors B.womendoctors C.womandoctor D.womendoctor
3.Whichdoyouprefer____or____?
A.potatos,tomatos B.potatos,tomatoes C.potatoes,tomatos D.potatoes,tomatoes
4.Theyare____ofdifferentpresses(出版社).Nowtheyarehavingameetinginoneofthe____office.
A.editor-in-chiefs,editors-in-chief’s B.editors-in-chief,editor-in-chief’s
C.editors-in-chiefs,editor’s-in-chief’s D.editors-in-chief,editors-in-chief’s
5.Theanthastwo____. A.stomaches B.stomacks C.stomach D.stomachs
6.Hedoesn’tlike____forsupper. A.chick B.chicken C.chickens D.chicks
7.Itwas____hotweatherthatmanyofuswentswimming. A.so B.such C.soas D.sucha
8.____wonderfulspacetheysawontheroom!
A.How B.HowaC.What D.Whata
9.Weknow____travelsnotsofastaslight. A.soundB.sounds C.thesounds D.asound
10.Myfamilyraisealotof____,includingtwo____.
A.cattle,cows B.cows,cattle C.cattles,cows D.cow,cattles
11.Anumberofsoldiers____athecampgate(军营门口).
A.havegathered B.hasgathered C.is D.was
12.TheBrownshavespentalarge____ofmoneyontheirnewcar.
A.deal B.amount C.number D.size
13.____workhasbeendonetoimprovethepeople’slivingstandard.
A.Many B.Agreatmany C.Agreatdealof D.Anumberof
14.MrLishook____warmlywithafriend.
A.hand B.ahand C.hands D.thehands
15.Two____,please. A.coffee B.coffees C.cupofcoffee D.cupscoffee
16.Ican’tpayas____asheaskedfor.
A.highpricea B.highprice C.ahighprice D.highaprice
17.____knowledgeofspacedevelopsrapidly. A.Man’s B.Men’s C.Mens’ D.Person’s
18.Istayedat____. A.XiaoWang’s B.Wang’shome C.theWangs D.homeofWang
19.SisterCarrieworksina____factory. A.shoes B.shoses C.shoe D.shoe’s
20.Haveyoueverread____?
A.todaynewspaper B.newspapertoday C.newspaperoftoday D.today’snewspaper
21.Two____walkdidn’tmademetired. A.hour B.hours C.hour’s D.hours’
22.Themotheroverthereis____mother.
A.JuliaandMary B.JuliaandMary’s C.Julia’sandMary’s D.Julia’sandMary
23.LiMing’shandwritingisbetterthan____intheclass.
A.anyone’s B.anyoneelse C.anyone’selse’s D.anyoneelse’s
24.Thechildrenareplaying____onthe____.
A.sand,sand B.sands,sands C.sand,sands D.sands,sand
25.Ifthesetrousersaretoobig,buyasmaller____. A.set B.one C.copy D.pair
26.Tomusuallytakesa____inbusonrainydays. A.walk B.ride C.trip D.travel
27.Wehaveno____aboutwhereshehasgone.
A.information B.news C.message D.flash
28.Foodand____aredailynecessities(需要)forthepeople.
A.cloth B.clothe C.clothes D.clothing
29.My____ofhearingisnotsogoodasitusedtobe. A.strength B.sense C.powerD.skill
30.The____causedbycarelessness____yesterday.Manyworkerswerekilled.
A.incident,washappened B.matter,happened
C.event,wastakenplace D.accident,tookplace
31.Theroomwassoquietthatshecouldhearthe____ofherheart.
A.beating B.ways C.knocking D.striking
32.____hasbeentoldnottothrowwastethingsanywhere.
A.Thepublic B.People C.Women D.Man
33.Hewasan____inthegovernment____.
A.office,official B.official,office C.officer,office D.official,officer
34.Thereareseveral____inthisnovelwhoaredifferentin____.
A.character,character B.characters,characters C.character,charactersD.characters,character
35.Wevisitedhim____whenhewasinhospital.
A.everyotherdays B.eachotherday C.everyotherday D.everytwoday
36.Myfriendwillreturnin____.
A.onedayortwo B.adayortwo
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