基于STM32的数据采集系统英文文献.docx

基于STM32的数据采集系统英文文献.docx

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基于STM32的数据采集系统英文文献

DesignoftheDataAcquisitionSystemBasedonSTM32

ABSTRACT

Earlydetectionoffailuresinmachineryequipmentsisoneofthemostimportant

concernstoindustry.Inordertomonitoreffectiveofrotatingmachinery,we

developmentamicro-controlleruC/OS-IIsystemofsignalacquisitionsystembased

onSTM32inthispaper.wehavegiventhewholedesignschemeofsystemandthe

multi-channelvibrationsignalinaxisX,YandZoftherotaryshaftcanbeacquired

rapidlyanddisplayinreal-time.Oursystemhasthecharacterofsimplestructure,low

powerconsumption,miniaturization.

Keywords:

STM32;dataacquisition;embeddedsystem;uC/OS-II;

1.1.Introduction

Thereal-timeacquisitionofvibrationinrotatingmachinerycaneffectively

predict,assessanddiagnoseequipmentoperationstate,theindustrygetsvibration

dataacquisitionRapidlyandanalysisinreal-timecanmonitortherotatingmachinery

stateandguaranteethesaferunningoftheequipment.Inordertopreventfailure,

reducemaintenancetime,improvetheeconomicefficiency,Thepurposeoffault

diagnosissystemcandetectthesedevicesthroughthevibrationsignalacquisitionof

rotatingmachinery,andprocessthedataacquisition,thenitwillmaketimely

judgmentofrunningstateofequipment.Whilethedataacquisitionmoduleisthecore

partofthefaultdiagnosissystem[1-4].Thepracticalapplicationintheindustrialfield,

istheequipmentoperatingparameterswillbeacquiredtomonitorequipment

operatingstate.Intraditionaldataacquisitionsystems,thedatafromacquisitioncard

aregenerallysendintothecomputer,andspecificsoftwarewillbedevelopedforthe

dataacquisition.ThemaincontributionofthispaperhasdesignedtheSTM32

platformwithARMtechnology,thathasbecomeatraditionalmainstreamtechnology

inembeddedsystems,andthecollectingdatatowardthedirectionofhighreal-time,

multi-parameter,high-precision,whiledatastoragebecomelargecapacity,more

miniaturizationandportable,andthedevelopmentofmulticommunicationmodeand

long-distancefordatatransmission.Soastomeettheactualacquisitionsystem

multitaskingrequirements,thisarticlehasdesignedbasedonSTM32micro-controller

uC/OS-IIsystemofsignalacquisitionsystem.Therefore,inordertomeettheactual

acquisitionsystemmultitaskrequirements,thisnoveltyofthisarticlehasdesigneda

signalacquisitionsysteminmicro-controlleruC/OS-IIbasedonSTM32.

2.Architectureofdataacquisitionsystem

Dataacquisitionaskeytechnologyformonitoringequipment,recentlyalotof

workhasbeendoneonit.Anembeddedparalleldataacquisitionsystembasedon

FPGAisOptimizeddesignedwhichwillmakeitreasonabletodivideandallocate

high-speedandlow-speedA/D[5].Instead,ithasuseahigh-speedA/D

converterandStratixIIseriesofFPGAfordatacollectionandprocessing,in

whichthemaincontributionisusedoftheCompactPeripheralComponent

Interconnect,thesystemhasthecharactersofmodularization,sturdinessand

scalability[6].ButremotecontrolwillbeneededinSpecialConditions,thispaper

introducetheembeddedoperatingsystemplatformbasedonWindowsCEand

uC/OS-IItodesignaremoteacquisitionandcontrolsystemwiththeGPRSwireless

technology[7-8].Inordertoachievethedatasharingofmulti-user,ithasbuildthe

embeddeddynamicwebsitefordataacquisitionmanagementanddisseminationwith

theARM9andLinuxoperationsystem[9].Adatacollectionterminaldevicesis

designedbasedonARM7microprocessorLPC2290andembeddedreal-time

operatingsystemuC/OS-IItosolvethereal-timeacquisitionofmultichannelsmall

signalandmulti-channeltransmission[10].Ontheotherhands,twoparallel

DSP-basedsystemdedicatedtothedataacquisitiononrotatingmachines,andthe

innersignalconditionerisusedtoadaptthesensoroutputtotheinputrangeofthe

acquisition,andthensignalpost-processingbythedesignsoftware,whilethemost

frequentlystructureistouseDASandFPGA-based,andsuchprogramsarealso

dependentontheDAScost.

Inordertomeetmarketrequirementsoflowpowerconsumption,lowcost,and

mobility,Fig.1inthispaperpresentsthedesignoverallstructurediagramofdata

acquisitionsystem.ThroughSPIinterface,thesystemgetsthedatacollectionwith

threeaxisaccelerationsensorintotheSTM32controllerofinnerA/Dconversion

modulewith12-bit,thisprocessisnon-interferingparallelacquisition.Oursystem

uses240x400LCDandtouchscreenmodulereal-timetodisplaythecollecteddatain

realtime.

3.STM32micro-controller

A32bitRISCSTM32F103VET6,usedastheprocessorinoursystem,compared

withsimilarproducts,theSTM32F103VET6workat72MHZ,withcharactersof

strongperformanceandlowpowerconsumption,real-timeandlow-cost.The

processorincludes:

512KFLASH,64KSRAM,anditwillcommunicatebyusingfive

serialportswhichcontainaCANbus,aUSB2.0SLAVEmodeandaEthernet

interface,whatsmoretwoRS232portsarealsoincluded.Thesysteminourpaper

extendtheSST25VF016BserialmemorythroughtheSPIbusinterface,thatwill

regardasthetemporarystoragewhencollectlargenumberofdata,furthermore,we

havetheA/Dconverterwith12bitsresolution,andthefastestconversionupto1us,

with3.6Vfull-scaleofthesystem.Inadditiontodesignofthesystempowersupply

circuit,theresetcircuit,RTCcircuitandGPIOporttoassurancesystemneedsand

normaloperation.

4.Dataacquisition

Themachinestateisnormalornotismainlydependedonthevibrationsignal.In

thispaper,toacquirethevibrationdataofrotatingmachineryrotor,wehaveused

vibrationaccelerationtransducersMMA7455Lwhichcouldcollectthedatafromaxis

x,y,andzofthecompanyofFree-scale.Thekindofvibrationacceleration

transducershasadvantageoflowcostandsmallsize,highsensitivityandlarge

dynamicrangewithsmallinterference.MMA7455Lismainlyconsistsofgravity

sensingunitandsignalconditioningcircuitcomposition,andthissensorwillamplify

thetinydatabeforesignalpreprocessing.Indataacquisitionprocessofoursystem,

theerrorofsamplingstageismainlycausedbyquantified,andtheerrorisdepended

onthebitsoftheA/Dconverter,whenweregardthemaximumvoltageasVmax,the

ADconverterbitsisn,andthequantizationQ=Vmax/2n,then,thequantization

errorisobeyeduniformdistributionin[-q/2,q/2][13].

ThedesignedSTM32couldbuiltatmostthree12-bitparallelADCinthispaper,

whichtheoreticalindexis72dBandtheactualdynamicrangeisbetween54to60dB

while2or3bitsisimpactedbynoise,thedynamicrangeofmeasurementcanupto

1000timeswith60dB.Forthevastmajorityofthevibrationsignal,themaximum

samplingrateof10kHZcanmeetactualdemand,andthehigherfrequencyof

collectionisgenerallyusedinthe8-12bitsAD,thereforeoneofcontributionofthis

workistochooseabuilt-in12-bitA/Dtomeettheaccuracyofvibrationsignal

acquisitionandlowercostinthisexperiment.

5.Softwaredesign

3.1.TransplantationofC/OS

Inordertoensurereal-timeandsafetydatacollectionrequirements,inthis

system,akindofRTOSwhosesourcecodeisopenandsmallisproposed.Italsocan

beeasilytobecutdown,repottedandsolidified,anditsbasicfunctionsincludingtask

managementandresourcemanagement,storagemanagementandsystem

management.TheRTOSembeddedsystemcouldsupport64tasks,withatmost56

usertasks,andfourtasksofthehighestandthelowestprioritieswillberetainedin

system.TheuC/OS-IIassignsprioritiesofthetasksaccordingtotheirimportance,the

operationsystemexecutivethetaskfromtheprioritysequenceandeachtaskhave

independentpriority.Theoperatingsystemkernelisstreamlined,andmulti-tasking

functioniswellcomparedwithothers,itcanbetransplantedtoprocessorsthatfrom

8-bitto64-bit.Thetransplantinthesystemaretomodifythethreefilesystem

structure:

OS_CPU_C.HOS_CPU.C,OS_CPU_A.ASM.Maintransplantation

procedureisasfollows:

A.OS_CPU_C.H

Ithasdefinedthedatatypes,thelengthandgrowthdirectionofstackinthe

processor.Becausedifferentmicroprocessorshavedifferentwordlength，sothe

uC/OS-IItransplantationincludeaseriesoftypedefinitiontoensureitsportability,

andtherevisedcodeasfollows:

typedefunsignedcharBOOLEAN;

typedefunsignedcharINT8U;

typedefsignedcharINT8S;

typedefunsignedshortINT16U;

typedefsignedshortINT16U;

typedefunsignedintINT32U;

typedefsignedintINT32S;

typedeffloatFP32;

typedefdoubleFP64;

typedefunsignedintOS_STK;

typedefunsignedintOS_CPU_SR;

Cortex-M3processordefinestheOS_ENTER_CRITICAL（）and

OS_EXIT_CRITICAL（）asopeningandclosinginterrupt,andtheymustsetto32bit

ofthestackOS_STKandCPUregisterlength.Inaddition,thathasdefinedthestack

pointerOS_STK_GROWTHstackgrowthdirectionfromhighaddresstolower

address.

B.OS_CPU.C

TomodifythefunctionOSTaskStkInit（）accordingtotheprocessor,thenine

remaininguserinterfacefunctionsandhookfunctionscanbenullwithoutspecial

requirements,theywillproducecodeforthesefunctionsonlywhenthe

OS_CPU_HOOKS_ENissetto1inthefileofOS_CFG.H.Thestackinitialization

functionOSTaskStkInit（）returntothenewtopofthestackpointer.

OS_CPU_A.ASM

Mostofthetransplantworkarecompletedinthesedocuments,andmodifythe

followingfunctions.

OsStartHighRdy（）isusedforrunningthemostpriorityreadytask,itwillbe

responsibleforstackpointerSPfromthehighestprioritytaskofTCBcontrolblock,

andrestoretheCPU,thenthetaskprocesscr