了不起的比尔盖茨.docx
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了不起的比尔盖茨.docx
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了不起的比尔盖茨
摘要
菲茨杰拉德的代表作《了不起的盖茨比》为我们生动展示了二十世纪二十年代“爵士时代”的生活画卷,但在表面的繁华下又隐藏着浓浓的悲凉。
《了不起的盖茨比》标志着菲茨杰拉德的最高成就。
艾略特曾评论说菲茨杰拉德是继詹姆斯之后美国文学迈出的又一步,是美国现代文学史上最优秀的作品之一。
小说反思了一个空前繁荣、物质过剩时代的美国梦的破灭,展现了美国梦对人们日常生活的消极影响。
另一方面,书中体现了美国梦对所有角色的影响。
那时的人们对金钱有强烈的欲望,他们天真的以为幸福是构筑在金钱之上。
对于整个美国来说盖茨比是个独特的例子,盖茨比个人的困境和失败实际上是整个美国的。
这部小说讽刺了美国梦的虚幻和不真实,是不可能实现的。
本篇论文主要分析书中人物,特别是主要人物在美国梦传奇下的嘲讽与悲怆。
毫无疑问,盖茨比的嘲讽与悲怆是不可避免的,在这种社会环境下,没有人能逃脱悲剧的命运,这不仅是盖茨比一个人的而是整个社会的嘲讽与悲怆。
关键词:
美国梦;盖茨比;嘲讽及悲怆
Abstract
F.ScottFitzgerald’smasterpieceTheGreatGatsbyshowsusavividpictureofthe1920swithitssuperficialprosperityandunderlyingsadness.TheGreatGatsby,withitsdepictionof“theJazzAge”,marksthehighestpointofF.ScottFitzgerald’sartisticachievement.T.S.Eliotonceconcludedthatitwasthe“firststepthatAmericanfictionhastakensinceHenryJames”.TheGreatGatsbyisoneofthegreatestnovelsinModernAmericanliterature.ItisahighlysymbolicmeditationonthedisintegrationoftheAmericanDreaminaneraofunprecedentedprosperityandmaterialexcess.
Ononehand,FitzgeraldshowsarunningthemeofhowtheAmericanDreamaffectsallofthecharactersinTheGreatGatsby.Peopleofthattimehavestrongmindofpursuingmoney.Theyinnocentlybelievethathappinessliesinwealth.TherepresentationofGatsbyasuniquetoAmericasignifiesthatGatsby’spersonaldilemmaandfailurearethedilemmaandfailureofAmericannation,thussatirizingtheillusorynatureoftheAmericanDreamandimpossibletoattainit.
ThisthesiswillattempttoexplorehowthecharactersespeciallythetitlerolesinthisnovelrepresenttheironyandpathostothelegendryoftheAmericanDream.UndoubtedlyGatsby’sironyandpathosisinevitableandnobodycanescapefromthetragicfateinthiskindofsociety.Inthisnovel,itisnotonlyGatsby’sironyandpathosbuttheironyandpathosofthewholeAmericansociety.
Keywords:
AmericanDream;Gatsby;ironyandpathos
Contents
Chapter1Introduction1
1.1Introductionofthenovel1
1.1.1Plot1
1.1.2Thebackgroundofthenovel1
1.1.3Theprocessofwritingthenovel2
1.1.4Theinfluenceofthenovel2
1.2AbriefintroductionofF.ScottFitzgerald3
1.2.1F.ScottFitzgerald’slife3
1.2.2F.ScottFitzgerald’sinfluence3
Chapter2AmericanDream4
2.1ThemeaningoftheAmericanDream4
2.2ThedeclineoftheAmericanDreaminthe1920s4
2.3Gatsby’sAmericanDream5
2.3.1Togetwealth6
2.3.2Togetbackhislostlove7
Chapter3Ironyandpathosinthenovel9
3.1IronyandpathostoGatsby9
3.1.1Gatsby’sbeliefintheAmericanDream9
3.1.2Daisy’sunworthiness9
3.1.3Gatsby’srefusaltoadmitDaisy’sessence11
3.1.4TherelationbetweenGatsbyandotherpeople13
3.2Ironyandpathostoothercharacters14
3.2.1DaisyBuchanan14
3.2.2TomBuchanan15
3.2.3MyrtleWilson15
3.2.4GeorgeWilson16
3.2.5Thecommonpeopleinthenovel16
Conclusion18
References21
Acknowledgements22
Chapter1Introduction
1.1Introductionofthenovel
TheGreatGatsbyisanovelbytheAmericanauthorF.ScottFitzgeraldanditishismasterpiece.Itshowsusavividpictureofthe1920swithitssuperficialprosperityandunderlyingsadness.ThefailureoftheAmericanDreamandthecrisisofvaluearewellreflectedincharactersandthedetailsofthenovel.
TheOxfordCompaniontoAmericanLiteraturehadsaidthatTheGreatGatsbywashisfinestnovel,sensitiveandsymbolictreatmentofthemesofcontemporaryliferelatedwithironyandpathostothelegendryoftheAmericanDream.
1.1.1Plot
AyoungmannamedNickCaraway,whocametoNewYorkCityinspringof1922.HebecameinvolvedinthelifeofhisneighboratLongIsland,JayGatsby,averyrichman,whoentertainedhundredsofguestsathisparty.GatsbyrevealedtoNick,thathefellinlovewithNick’scousinDaisybeforethewar.Atthattimehewaspoor.However,DaisymarriedTomBuchanan,arichbutboringmanofgoodsocialposition.HepersuadedNicktobringhimandDaisytogetheragain.“Youcan’trepeatthepast,”Nicksaidtohim.GatsbytriedtoconvinceDaisytoleaveTom,who,inturn,revealedthatGatsbyhasmadehismoneyfrombootlegging.SotheyaskedDaisywhomsheloved.DaisybegantosobhelplesslyandsaidshedidloveGatsbyoncebutshelovedTomtoo.Daisy,drivingGatsby’scar,hitandkilledTom’smistress,MyrtleWilson,unawareofheridentity.GatsbyremainedsilenttoprotectDaisy.TomtoldMyrtle’shusbandWilsonitwasGatsbywhokilledhiswife.WilsonmurderedGatsbyandthencommittedsuicide.NickwaslefttoarrangeGatsby’sfuneral,attendedonlyGatsby’sfatherandoneformerguest.NickreturnedtohisMidwesthome,reflectingonGatsby’sdreamsandthesadandcyclicalnatureofthepast.
1.1.2Thebackgroundofthenovel
ThenoveltakesplacefollowingtheFirstWorldWar.Americansocietyenjoyedprosperityduringtheroaring1920s.TheAmericaneconomysoared,bringingunprecedentedlevelsofprosperitytothenation.Prohibition,thebanonthesaleandconsumptionofalcoholmandatedbytheEighteenthAmendmenttotheConstitution(1919),mademillionairesoutofbootleggers.Sprawlingprivatepartiesmanagedtoeludepolicenotice.ThechaosandviolenceofWorldWarIleftAmericainastateofshock,andthegenerationthatfoughtthewarturnedtowildandextravagantlivingtocompensate.Thetraditionalconservatismandtimewornvaluesofthepreviousdecadewereturnedontheirear,asmoney,wealth,andexuberancebecametheorderoftheday.
Inthisperiod,jazzmusicblossomed,theflapperredefinedmodernwomanhood.Theerawasfurtherdistinguishedbyseveralinventionsanddiscoveriesoffar-reachingimportance,unprecedentedindustrialgrowthandacceleratedconsumerdemandandaspirations.TheRoaringTwentieswasmarkedbyageneralfeelingofdiscontinuityassociatedwithmodernity,abreakwithtraditions.Everythingseemedtobefeasiblethroughmoderntechnology.
1.1.3Theprocessofwritingthenovel
WithTheGreatGatsby,Fitzgeraldmadeaconsciousdeparturefromthewritingprocessofhispreviousnovels.HestartedplanningitinJune1922,aftercompletinghisplayTheVegetable,andbegancomposingitin1923.Unlikehispreviousworks,FitzgeraldintendedtoeditandreshapeGatsbythoroughly,believingthatitheldthepotentialtolaunchhimtowardliteraryacclaim.HetoldhiseditorMaxwellPerkinsthatthenovelwasaconsciouslyartisticachievementandapurelycreativework—nottrashyimaginingsasinhisstoriesbutthesustainedimaginationofasincereandyetradiantworld.Headdedlater,duringtheeditingprocess,thathefeltanenormouspowerinmenow,morethanhehaseverhad.
1.1.4Theinfluenceofthenovel
Writtenin1925,TheGreatGatsbyisoneofthegreatestliterarydocumentsofthisperiod.Afteritwasrepublishedin1945and1953,itquicklyfoundawidereadershipandistodaywidelyregardedasaparagonofthegreatAmericannovel,andaliteraryclassic.TheGreatGatsbyhasbecomeastandardtextinhighschoolanduniversitycoursesonAmericanliteratureincountriesaroundtheworldandisrankedsecondintheModernLibrary’slistsofthe100bestnovelsofthe20thcentury.
1.2AbriefintroductionofF.ScottFitzgerald
FrancisScottKeyFitzgerald(September24,1896—December21,1940)wasanAmericanauthorofnovelsandshortstories.Fitzgeraldisconsideredamemberofthe“LostGeneration”ofthe1920s.Hefinishedfournovels,ThisSideofParadise,TheBeautifulandDamned,TenderistheNightandhismostfamous,TheGreatGatsby.Afifth,unfinishednovel,TheLoveoftheLastTycoonwaspublishedposthumously.Fitzgeraldalsowrotemanyshortstoriesthattreatthemesofyouthandpromisealongwithdespairandage.
1.2.1F.ScottFitzgerald’slife
FitzgeraldwasraisedinSt.Paul,Minnesota.Thoughanintelligentchild,hedidpoorlyinschoolandwassenttoaNewJerseyboardingschoolin1911.Despitebeingamediocrestudentthere,hemanagedtoenrollatPrincetonin1913.Academictroublesandapathyplaguedhimthroughouthistimeatcollege,andhenevergraduated,insteadenlistinginthearmyin1917,asWorldWarIneareditsend.
Therehemetandfellinlovewithawildseventeen-year-oldbeautynamedZeldaSayre.Zeldafinallyagreedtomarryhim,butheroverpoweringdesireforwealth,fun,andleisureledhertodelaytheirweddinguntilhecouldproveasuccess.WiththepublicationofThisSideofParadisein1920,Fitzgeraldbecamealiterarysensation,earningenoughmoneyandfametoconvinceZeldatomarryhim.
However,ZeldasufferedanervousbreakdownandFitzgeraldbattledalcoholism,whichhamperedhiswriting.HepublishedTenderIstheNightin1934,andsoldshortstoriestoTheSaturdayEveningPosttosupporthislavishlifestyle.In1937,heleftforHollywoodtowritescreenplays,andin1940,whileworkingonhisnovelTheLoveoftheLastTycoon,diedofaheartattackattheageofforty-four.
1.2.2F.ScottFitzgerald’sinfluence
Fitzgeraldwasthemostfamouswriterof1920sAmerica,anerathathedubbed“theJazzAge”.HeiswidelyregardedasoneofthegreatestAmericanwritersofthe20thcentury.
Chapter2AmericanDream
2.1ThemeaningoftheAmericanDream
AmericawasdescribedasaDreamofaLandwithnewopportunitiesandequalchancesforeveryone.InAmericaonemighthopetosatisfyeverymaterialdesireandtherebyachievehappiness.Itisdeceptivebecauseitproposesthesatisfactionofalldesireasanattainablegoalandidentifiesdesirewithmaterial.TheAmericanDreamisthefirmlyheldbeliefthateveryonehastheopportunitytoachievetheirgoalsandbecomerichandprosperousiftheyonlyworkhardenough.
Theterm“AmericanDream”wasfirstusedbyJamesTruslow
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