欧阳亚 论文47.docx
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欧阳亚 论文47.docx
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欧阳亚论文47
Contents
Abstract2
Introduction3
I.TheIntroductionofChineseandWesternFoodCulture3
A.TheDefinitionofFoodCulture3
B.FeaturesofChineseFoodCulture4
C.FeaturesofWesternFoodCulture4
II.AnalysisoftheDifferencesBetweenChineseandWesternFoodCulture5
A.DifferentConceptsonEating5
1.OstentationVSSimplicity5
2.EmotionalismVSRationalism7
B.DifferentFoodObjects8
1.Westerners’MainFoodObjects8
2.Easterners’MainFoodObjects8
C.DifferentCulturalCharacteristics:
‘Individuality’and‘Harmony’9
1.WesternPeople’sIndividuality9
2.ChinesePeople’sHarmony10
D.DifferentEatingHabits11
1.ChinesePeople’sEatingHabits11
2.WesternPeople’sEatingHabits12
3.SmallConclusionoftheTwoEatingHabits12
E.DifferentTableManners12
1.ChineseTableManners12
2.WesternTableManners13
Conclusion14
Notes15
Bibliography16
Acknowledgements17
Abstract:
Dietisabsolutelyimportanttohumankind’sexistenceanddevelopmentandfoodcultureplaysanimportantroleinworld’sculture.Withthedevelopmentofhumansociety,differentcountriesgraduallyformtheirownspecialfoodculture.BecauseofthedifferencesbetweenChineseandWesternculturaltraditions,therearesomedifferencesbetweenChineseandWesternfoodculture.ThispaperusesthecontrastingmethodtomakeathoroughanalysisofthedifferencesbetweenChineseandWesternfoodculture.Itiscarriedoutinthefollowingfiveaspects:
eatingconcepts,foodobjects,culturalcharacteristics,wayofdiningandtablemanners.Fromthis,peoplecandrawaconclusionoftheirrespectivecharacteristicsanddifferenthistoricaloriginsaswellasfinallyadvocateadiningapproachtounitethemtogether.Thispaperaimstounderstandthecomplicatedaspectsoffoodculture.Inordertoachievethisgoal,thispapermakesadetailedanalysistothedifferencesofChineseandWesternfoodcultureandthemutualsupplementationandcompatiblenessofthetwofoodculturesundertheinfluenceofglobalization.ThestudyonthedifferencesbetweentwofoodculturescanpromotetheunderstandingbetweenpeopleoftheEastandWestaswellaspushthedevelopmentofcross-culturalcommunication.
KeyWords:
foodculture;ChineseandWestern;differences
摘要:
饮食是人类生存与发展的必须,饮食文化在世界文化中起着非常重要的作用。
随着人类社会的发展,各国逐渐形成了各自独特的饮食文化。
由于中西方文化传统的差异,导致了中西方饮食文化的差异。
本文主要运用对比的方法对中西两种不同饮食文化的差异进行深入的分析,其中对比包括饮食观念,饮食对象,文化特征,用餐方式和餐桌礼仪五个方面。
分别总结出各自的特点及不同的历史渊源,最后倡导把两者结合起来。
本文旨在通过分析中西方饮食文化的差异以及在全球化的影响下两种饮食文化的互补和兼容来了解饮食文化的方方面面,通过对中西饮食文化的差异研究进而增进中西方人民的相互了解,促进跨文化交际的发展。
关键词:
饮食文化;中西;差异
AnAnalysistotheDifferencesBetweenChineseandWesternFoodCulture
Introduction
ThedifferencesbetweenChineseandWesternfoodcultureresultfromthedifferencesinthinkingpatternsandphilosophyoflife.ChinesepeoplepaytheirattentiontotheharmonyandunificationbetweenHeavenandMan;WhilepeopleinWesterncountriesfocusonpeople-orientation.Chinesepeopleoftenusefoodtoexpressfeelingandtransfermessage.Besides,themeaningistoodeepanddifficulttodescribe.However,Westerners’interpretationoffoodisabsolutelydifferent.Theythinkthatithastobedeliciousandhasitsownstyle.Eversincetheancienttimes,ChineseandWesternfoodculture’scollision,exchangeandmixturehavegreatlypromotedtheprogressanddevelopmentofhumansocietyandcross-culturalcommunication,makingthefoodculturebecomeanimportantpartofworldculture.
.TheIntroductionofChineseandWesternFoodCulture
A.TheDefinitionofFoodCulture
Foodcultureisanimportantpartofhumanculture.Itcanbedefinedbothinbroadsenseandnarrowsense.Inthebroadsense,foodculturehassomethingincommonwithcookingculture,anditisconsideredasthecounterpartofthelatter.Generallyspeaking,cookingculturereferstothetotalamountofmaterialandspirittreasurewhichiscreatedandaccumulatedduringthelongperiodoffoodproductionandprocessionbyhumanbeings.Itisaboutwhatfoodhumanmakes,andhowtomakeit.Itincludesthefoodingredients,cookingtools,cookingskillandsoon.1
Inthenarrowsense,foodculturereferstothesum-upofmaterialandspirittreasurecreatedandpasseddowninthelongperiodofhumaneatingthefoodproduct.Itisaboutwhathumaneat,andhowtoeatandwhyeatsuchfoodetc.Itincludesthevarietyoffood,thetoolusedineating,thecustomsofeating,andtheserviceofeatingact.ThispapertalksaboutthefivedifferencesbetweenChineseandWesternfoodcultureandwhatitfocusesonisthefoodcultureinthenarrowsense.
B.FeaturesofChineseFoodCulture
Thedietisactuallythecontentofourdailylife,butwhydoweusuallysaythatdietcontainsspecificculture?
ThereasonisthatfoodculturehasaspecialstatusinChineseculture.AnditisalsodifferentinChinaandWesterncountries.Chinesedietisprimarilycomposedofthemiscellaneousgrains,inadditiontosomesupplementaryfoodsuchasvegetablesandmeat.Actually,thiskindofdietislargelyrelatedtoourChinesefirstreligionBuddhismwhichadvocatesvegetariandiet.Andthericeisthemainfood,butthevegetableistogetfooddown.Thericeisn’tasdeliciousasthevegetable,sopeoplemayeatthevegetablewhichismoredelicioustogetthericedown.ThisconceptpushesChinesecookingtomaketheunsavoryfoodtobecomethedeliciousfood,whichgraduallybecomesthemostimportantgoalofChinesecooking.What’smore,thetechnologyofdietprocessinginChinaisexcellentandfirst-class.Thus,ithasmanifestedtheChineseculturalcharacteristic.
AlltheseenabletheChinesefoodculturetohavethefollowingfeatures.First,withtherapiddevelopmentofChinesecookingtechnology,manythingswhichdon’tlooklikeeatablefoodintheeyesofWesternerscanbecomethefoodfullofappearance,fragranceandtasteunderChinesechefs’carefulcooking.Second,Chineserecipesarewidelyspreadandeverythingthatcanbeeatenwillbemadefulluseof.Accordingtosomeresearchsurveys,theChineseeatmorethansixtimesthetypesofvegetablesthantheWesterners.
C.FeaturesofWesternFoodCulture
IntheWesterndiet,meatalwaystakesupahighproportionbecausethedietisbasedmainlyonanimalhusbandry.Inthemoderntimes,althoughtheproportionofharvestcultivationhasbeenincreasing,theproportionofmeatinWesterndietisstillmuchhigherthanthatofChina.Asthenaturaldelicioustasteofmeat,theWesternersthinkthatthereisnoneedoftoomuchdecorationforfood.Europeansmostlyusetoolstoshowtheirrichness,forinstance,thenumberofkindsandluxurybecomethecontenttocareabout.Moreover,theywon’tmakethepursuitofeatingwhichiseasytosatisfytobethehappinessoflife.WetakeEuropeandAmericaasrepresentativesfortheWesterncountriesfortheyhaveasimilarculturewhichiswell-establishedandhasalonghistory.Sincethemiddleages,theEuropeanculturehadgrownup,andduringthattimetheoldWest’sfoodculturehadalreadyformed.Themainfeaturewas:
Thebreadflourwasthestaplefoodandtherawmaterialisalsoveryrich.TheirprocessingmethodwassimplerthanthatofChinabuttheyalsolaidgreatemphasisonthetaste.
II.AnalysisoftheDifferencesBetweenChineseandWesternFoodCulture
A.DifferentConceptsonEating
Conceptsonfoodcultureareformedintheprocessofcookingandeating.TheEastandtheWesthavemanydifferencesinfaith,philosophyoflife,thinkingpatternsandanyotherspiritualcultures.ThesedifferenceshaveaneffectonChineseandWesterneatingconceptstosomedegree.Withtheadvancementofhistoryanddevelopmentofsociety,peopleintheEastandWesthaveformedquitedifferentconceptsonfoodcultures.Itmakespeoplehavedifferentunderstandingandeatingstylesineitherfamilydailydietsorlarge-scalebanquets.
1.OstentationVSSimplicity
AnostentatiousfeastisacommonphenomenoninChinesebanquets.WhatshouldbeconsideredfirstwhenChineseholdafamilybanquet?
Thatisostentation.AtaChinesefeast,thecategoriesoffoodshouldbeampleandvarious.Generallyspeaking,thereshouldbesevenoreightdishes,excludingcold-dishes,lightrefreshmentbeforethedinner.Themorevariousandluxuriousthedishesare,themorehospitableimpressionofthehostcanmakeonthegusts.What’smore,inordertoexpressthegenerosity,thehostalwayspreparesdishesmuchmorethantheamountthattheguestscandigest.
Chinesethoughtsareinfluencedbyatraditionalconceptionthatisbeingthriftathome,butbeinggenerousoutside.Fromadeepanalysisofit,wecandrawaconclusionthatthetraditionalconceptionisderivedfromChinese“mianzi”culture.IfwearetryingtofindanEnglishwordthathasthesamemeaningasChinese“mianzi”,itisface.ButitisquitedifficulttogiveadefinitiontotheChinesefaceculture.ChinesefacecultureplaysasignificantroleinChinesetraditionalspiritualculture.TheoriginationofChinesefacecultureiscloselyrelatedtoRiteadvocatedbyChineseConfucianculture.RiteisanidealfeudalsocialorderpreachedbyConfucianism,whichrequirespeopletocomplywiththeprinciplethatthepoorandthewealth,thenobleandthehumble,theyoungandtheoldmustliveandbehavestrictlyaccordingtotheirfamilystatus,socialandpoliticalposition.(李明英,1997)Ithasobviousclasscharacteranddistinctiveness.BecauseriteisthemostimportantprincipleswhichrestrictChinesebehavior,Chinesetendtodothingsaccordingtotheiridentityandtoshowtheirso-calledface.Analyzedfromsocialpsychology,facerepresentspeople’ssocialpositionandprestige.Chineseattachmuchimportancetotheirface.Underthissituation,ho
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