人教版必修五第6讲Unit3Life in the future语法篇学生版.docx
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人教版必修五第6讲Unit3Life in the future语法篇学生版.docx
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人教版必修五第6讲Unit3Lifeinthefuture语法篇学生版
Unit3Lifeinthefuture-语法篇
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1.学会过去分词作状语的用法||;
2.理解过去分词作状语和现在分词作状语的区别||;
3.能够使用过去分词做状语的情况作对相关题目||,灵活使用。
过去分词
过去分词是非谓语动词的一种形式||,表示完成和被动的动作。
它在句子中可以充当状语、定语等成分。
过去分词与现在分词作状语
过去分词表完成、被动||,与主句主语之间是被动关系||;现在分词表进行||,主动||,与主句主语之间是主动关系。
如果一个被动的动作发生在谓语动词之前||,则可使用现在分词的完成被动式或过去分词。
过去分词表完成、被动||,作状语时||,其逻辑主语是主句的主语||,且与主语之间存在着被动关系。
过去分词作状语可表时间||,原因||,让步||,结果||,方式||,条件等。
观察下列的句子:
Oncepublished||,hisworks(=Oncehisworkswaspublished||,)becamefamousfortheabsenceofrhymeattheendofeachline.
PP作时间状语||,相当于一个时间状语从句有时过去分词前可加连词when或while来强调时间概念。
Ø过去分词作时间状语
1.Whenitisheated||,icewillbechangedintowater.=Whenheated||,icewillbechangedintowater.
2.Whenitisseenunderamicroscope||,afreshsnowflakehasadelicatesix-pointed.
=Seenunderamicroscope||,afreshsnowflakehasadelicatesix-pointedshape.
Ø过去分词作原因状语
1.Since/Asshewasgivenadvicebythefamousdetective||,theyoungladywasnolongerafraid.
=Givenadvicebythefamousdetective||,theyoungladywasnolongerafraid.
2.Becauseitwasdoneinahurry||,hishomeworkwasfullofmistakes.
=Doneinahurry||,hishomeworkwasfullofmistakes.
Ø过去分词作条件或者假设状语
1.Iftheyhadbeengivenmoreattention||,thecabbagescouldhavegrownbetter.
=Givenmoreattention||,thecabbagescouldhavegrownbetter.
2.IfIamcomparedwithyou||,westillhavealongwaytogo.
=Comparedwithyou||,westillhavealongwaytogo.
Ø作方式或伴随情况状语
1.Thehunterlefthishouse||,followedbyhisdog.
=Thehunterlefthishouse||,andhewasfollowedbyhisdog.
2.Shesatbythewindow||,lostinthought.=Shesatbythewindow||,andshewaslostinthought.
lost表示一种迷失心理状态
总结:
1.过去分词在句子中可以作时间状语、原因状语、伴随状语、条件状语和让步状语等||;
2.过去分词作状语时||,过去分词的逻辑主语与句子主语一致。
如果其逻辑主语与整个句子的主语不一致时||,需要独立主格结构或with复合结构来替代。
(此时||,也可把该分词看成介词的宾语补足语。
)例:
Themurdererwasbroughtin||,withhishands___behindhisback.
A.beingtiedB.havingtiedC.tobetiedD.tied
简析:
很显然||,待选部分的逻辑主语是hishands||,而不是句子的主语Themurderer||,而hishands对于动词tie来说||,只能是被动承受。
因此||,该题应选D。
注:
过去分词有两大特点:
1.表示被动的动作||;2.表示已经完成的动作||,因此||,当过去分词作状语的时候一定要搞清楚分词与主语的逻辑关系——被动。
例如:
Rewritewithproperconjunctions
Example:
Unitedwestand||,dividedwefail.=Ifweareunited||,wewillstand||,butifwearedivided||,wewillfail.
1.Askedwhathadhappened||,hetoldusaboutit.
→Whenhewasaskedwhathadhappened||,hetoldusaboutit.
2.Wellknownforhisexpertadvice||,hereceivedmanyinvitationstogivelectures.
→Becausehewaswellknownforhisexpertadvice||,hereceivedmanyinvitationstogivelectures.
3.Givenmoretime||,wewouldbeabletodotheworkmuchbetter.
→Ifweweregivenmoretime||,wewouldbeabletodotheworkmuchbetter.
4.OncetranslatedintoChinese||,thebookbecameverypopularamongChineseteenagers.
→OnceitwastranslatedintoChinese||,thebookbecameverypopularamongChineseteenagers.
5.Deeplyinterestedinmedicine||,shedecidedtobecomeadoctor.
→Becauseshewasdeeplyinterestedinmedicine||,shedecidedtobecomeadoctor.
6.Leftaloneathome||,Samdidnotfeelafraidatall.
→Althoughhewasleftaloneathome||,Samdidnotfeelafraidatall.
Ø用过去分词作状语来改写句子。
1.AsIwasworriedaboutthejourney||,Iwasunsettledforthefirstfewdays.
→Worriedaboutthejourney||,Iwasunsettledforthefirstfewdays.
2.Ifheisgiventime||,he’llmakeafirst-classtennisplayer.
→Giventime||,he’llmakeafirst-classtennisplayer.
3.AsIwasconfusedbythenewsurroundings||,Iwashitbythelackoffreshair.
→Confusedbythenewsurroundings||,Iwashitbythelackoffreshair.
4.Whenhewasquestionedbythepoliceaboutthefire||,hebecametense.
→Questionedbythepoliceaboutthefire||,hebecametense.
Findoutthesentenceswithsamemeaning.
1.AsIwasworriedaboutthejourney||,Iwasunsettledforthefirstfewdays.
=Worriedaboutthejourney||,Iwasunsettledforthefirstfewdays.
2.WhileIwasconfusedbythenewsurroundings||,Iwashitbythelackoffreshair.
=Confusedbythenewsurrounding||,Iwashitbythelackoffreshair.
3.AsIwasexhausted||,Islidintobedandfellfastasleep.
Exhausted||,Islidintobedandfellfastasleep.
Compare
1.Followingtheoldman||,wewentupstairs.—wefollowed(跟着那个老人||,我们上去了)
2.Followedbytheoldman||,wewentupstairs.(wewere)(被那个老人跟着||,我们上去了)
3.从上面看||,体育场好像一个鸟巢。
____fromthetop||,thestadiumlookslikeabirdnest.
A.SeeingB.Seen
4.从太空看||,宇航员看不到长城。
____fromthespace||,theastronautcannotdiscovertheGreatWall.
A.SeeingB.Seen
DifferencebetweenthePresentParticipleandthePastParticiple
Usedforalongtime||,thebooklooksold.由于用了很长时间||,这本书看上去很旧.
Usingthebook||,Ifindituseful.在使用的过程中||,我发现这本书很有用.
Lookingather||,hejumpedwithjoy.Lookedatbyher||,hejumpedwithjoy.
注意:
选择现在分词还是过去分词||,关键看主句的主语。
如分词的动作是主句的主语发出||,分词就选用现在分词||,反之就用过去分词。
Ø现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别
1.逻辑关系
现在分词作状语与过去分词作状语的最主要区别在于:
两者与所修饰的主句的主语的逻辑关系的区别。
1)现在分词作状语时||,现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系。
Hewentout||,shuttingthedoorbehindhim.他出去后将门随手关上。
Notknowingwhattodo||,hewenttohisparentsforhelp.由于不知如何办是好||,他去找父母帮忙。
2)过去分词作状语时||,过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系。
Givenmoreencouragement||,theboycouldhavebehavedbetter.
如果多给这个孩子一些鼓励||,他本来会表现得更好。
Facedwithdifficulties||,wemusttrytoovercomethem.在遇到困难时||,我们必须设法克服。
3)部分过去分词来源于系表结构||,作状语时不表示“被动关系”||,其前不用being。
这样的
过去分词及短语常见的有:
lostin(陷入某种状态)、seated(坐着的)、hidden(躲着)、stationed(驻扎)、lost/absorbed(沉溺于)、bornin(出身于)、dressedin(穿着)、tiredof(厌烦了)等。
Lost/Absorbedindeepthought||,hedidn’thearthesound.因为沉溺于思考中||,所以他没有听到那个声音。
Borninthisbeautifultown||,hehatestoleaveit.出生于这个美丽的小镇||,他不愿离开它。
2.时间概念
过去分词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前||,或表示“一种状态”||,与谓语动作同时发生或存在。
现在分词的一般式(doing)表示的动作与谓语动作同时发生或在说话时正在进行||;现在分词的完成式(havingdone)表示发生在谓语动作之前的一个“主动”动作||;现在分词的完成式的被动式(havingbeendone)常和表示次数的短语及时间段(for+一段时间)连用||,表示发生在谓语动作之前的一个“被动动作”||,这种情况下不能用过去分词替换||,其它情况下通常被过去分词所替换||,使句式更简洁。
Writteninahurry||,thisarticlewasnotsogood.因为写得匆忙||,这篇文章不是很好。
Readingcarefully||,hefoundsomethinghehadn’tknownbefore.
他仔细读书时||,发现了一些从前不知道的东西。
Havingfinishedhishomework||,hewenthome.完成了作业||,他就回家了。
Havingbeendiscussedseveraltimes||,thedecisionwasfinallymade.进行了几次讨论后||,终于做出了决定。
1.(2019·德州模拟)Theboywassittinginhischairleisurely||,________inthemagazinehewasreading.
A.beingabsorbedB.absorbingC.tobeabsorbedD.absorbed
2.(2019·陕西五校二模)________theopportunitytospeakatthegraduationceremonymademeoverjoyed.
A.BeingofferedB.ToofferC.HavingofferedD.Offered
3.(2019·佳木斯一中调研)________withtheincreasingunemployment||,manypeoplewentonstrikeinmostoftheEuropeancountries.
A.FacingB.BeingfacedC.FacedD.Havingfaced
4.(2019·南京一模)________thattheYouthOlympicGamesmightbedelayedduetosevereairpollution||,ourgovernmenthasmadeapromisetoJacquesRoggethattheywillsparenoefforttosettletheproblem.
A.WarnedB.HavingwarnedC.WarningD.Beingwarned
5.(2019·河南豫北三校联考)________inthebankrobbery||,Todwasarrestedbythelocalpoliceearlyinthemorning.
A.InvolvingB.InvolvedC.ToinvolveD.Tobeinvolved
基础演练
一、用所给词的适当形式填空
1.When________(ask)whyhewaslate||,hewentred.
2.Deeply________(move)bythestory||,shebegantocry.
3.Hewalkedoutofthehouse||,________(follow)byhispetdog________(name)Snoopy.
4.Evenif________(invite)||,Iwon’tattendtheeveningparty.
5.Thehouse________(paint)white||,welikeitbetter.
6.The________(light)candlelighted/lituptheroom.
7.When________(travel)||,youshouldtakecareofyourself.
8.________(see)thepicture||,Icouldn’thelpthinkingofhisgoodolddays.
9.Peoplearetryingtomaketheonce________(pollute)riversclean.
10.________(encourage)bythespeech||,theyoungpeoplemadeuptheirmindstotakeupthestruggle.
二、单项填空
1.Thestrikersandtheemployerhavereacheda________overnewworkingconditions.
A.agreement B.informationC.settlementD.suggestion
2.Newwayshavetobefoundto________ofwastematerialsandpoisonousgasessothatwecanhavecleanedsurroundings.
A.dealB.doC.removeD.dispose
3.Howexciting!
Idrovemynewcar________aspeedof110km/honSundaymorning.
A.forB.atC.inD.on
4.Bepatient||,please.Mr.Wangwillarrive________.
A.inaninstantB.ininstantC.afteraninstantD.afterinstant
5.Thedesertismovingsouthand________manygoodfields.
A.makingupB.speedingupC.swallowingupD.stayingup
6.Itisdifficulttoimaginehis________thedecisionwithoutanyconsideration.
A.acceptB.acceptingC.toacceptD.accepted
7.Englishisunderstoodallovertheworld________Turkish(土耳其语)isspokenbyonlyafewpeopleoutsideTurkeyitself.
A.whileB.whenC.asD.since
8.NowIfindtheproblem________.
A.easytoworkoutB.easilytoworkitout
C.toworkouteasilyD.iseasytobeworkedout
9.—Yourceilingrequires________.
—Yes||,I’llhavesomeworkers________it.
A.mending:
tomendB.mending:
mend
C.tomend:
mendD.tobemended:
tomend
10.—IwonderifIcoulduseyourtelephone.
—________.
A.IwonderhowB.Idon’twonder
C.Sorry||,it’soutoforderD.Nowonder||,hereitis
巩固提高
一、.将下列句子改成用过去分词作定语或状语的句子。
1.Wehavebeentoldtoreadthebook.Itwaswrittenbyanewsreporter.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
2.Pricesofdailygoodswhichareboughtthrough
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