科英复习week1516ESTTestSampleRevision.docx
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科英复习week1516ESTTestSampleRevision.docx
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科英复习week1516ESTTestSampleRevision
I.DecidewhetherthefollowingstatementsareTrueorFalse:
(1pointforeach)
1.T FMuchoftheworld’selectricitynowadaysisproducedfromtheuseofrenewableresources.
2.TFAccordingtotheFaraday’slaw,actionandreactionareoppositeandequal.
3.TFInconvention,alternatingcurrentisusuallysuppliedtopeople’shousesat50cyclespersecond.
4.TFDinosaursmayhavebecomeextinctbecausetheirbrainswerenot
proportionaltotheirbrawn.
5.TFMankindhasalwaysdoubtedwhatTennysoncalls“theusefultroubleoftherain.
6.TFModerncomputersaresometimesclassifiedintogenerations,witheachgenerationcharacterizedwithsomeimportanttechnology.
7.TFWaterpollutionmayaffecthumansdirectly,causingasmartingoftheeyesorcoughing.
8.TFTheInternetcanalsobeusedtotransfertelephonecallsusinganapplicationknownasIP-telephony.
9.TFTheterm,civilengineering,wasfirstusedintheU.S.A.todistinguishthenewlyprofessionmilitaryengineering,untilthenpreeminent.
10.TFAslateasthe1760s,theradialboulevardsinParishadmilitaryaswellasaestheticpurposes.
11.TFUrbanplannersinthe17th-centuryEuropealsointroducedparksandplaygroundsincongestedcityneighborhoods,providingplacesforrecreation,andforvisualrelief.
12.TFActionandreactionareoppositeandequal.Soundtravelsthroughtheairinwaves.SoftlayersoficemouldedthelakesandhillsofEuropeandNorthAmericamillionsofyearsago.
13.TFCivilengineeringcanbedividedintothreebroadcategories,whichmaybedescribedasconsulting,contractingandgovernmentalengineering.
14.TFAlthoughessentiallyapracticalprofession,civilengineeringisfoundedonappliedscience.
15.TFAtunnelisapassage,oragallery,oraroadwaybeneaththegroundorunderwater.
16.TFElectricpowersystemsreferstoallcomponentsthattransformothertypeofenergyintoelectricalenergyandtransmitthisenergytoaconsumer.
17.TFElectricityisaphenomenonproducedbytheelementaryparticle,whichbelongstoafundamentalpropertyofmatter.
18.TFIncomparisonwithbothmechanicsandoptics,thescienceofelectricityandmagnetismwereslowtodevelopsince1700.
19.TFUrbanmanagementmaybedescribedasasocialmovement,asa
businessfunction,orasatechnicalprofession.Therearelotsofexamplesfromhuman’searliesttimesofeffortstoplancitydevelopment.
20.TFAroundthe18thcentury,thecityplanningconceptsoftheEuropeanRenaissanceweretransplantedtotheNewWorld.
21.TFThunderistheloudnoisefollowedbyaflashoflight.Ifyoulightamatchonanairplane,nowindwillblowitout.
22.TFHistorically,mechanicswasamongthefirstoftheexactsciencestobedeveloped.Itisconcernedwiththemotionofbodiesundertheactionofforces,includingthespecialcaseinwhichabodyremainsatrest.
23.TFThethreequantitiesofbodies—thetotalenergy,(linear)momentum,andangularmomentumintheuniverseareconserved.
24.TFAlthoughEnglandandScotlandwereimportantcentersofmathematicalresearchintheearly17thcentury,withMaclaurin’sdeathin1746,theBritishflamewasallbutextinguished.
25.TFThecentralconceptsinclassicalmechanicsareforce,massandmotion.
26.TFArtistheuseofskillandimaginationinthecreationofaestheticobjects,environments,orexperiencesthatarenottobesharedwithothers.
27.TFCarbonisthemostimportantelement,andforthisreasonallsteelsareclassifiedaccordingtocarboncontent.
28.TFInputdevices,suchasakeyboardormouse,permitthecomputerusertocommunicatewiththecomputer.
29.TFThedevelopmentofelectricityasasourceofpowerstartedearlierthansteampowerlateinthe20thcentury.
30.TFArtconservationandrestorationareactionstakentoexamine,preserve,andrestoretotheiroriginalconditionsofobjectsofhistoricandartisticmerits.
31.TFOnlycertaindrugsalterthebody’schemistry.
32.TFAsignificantdangerofheroinisthatitissoaddictive.
33.TFEvenanoverdoseofamphetamineswillprobablynotbefatal.
34.TFBarbituratesareparticularlydangerouswhentakenwithalcohol.
35.TFScientistscanpredictwithreasonableaccuracytheeffectsofLSDontheuser.
36.TFAlthoughmanyscientistsstudiedmotion,Newtonwasthefirst.
37.TFAccelerationisproportionaltomass.Anychangeinmotionisproducedbyaforce.
38.TFArocketfunctionsontheprincipleofactionandreaction.Newton’sideasinfluencedworldthinkinginfieldsotherthanscience.
39.TFGalileo’sideaswerebasedonNewton’swork.
40.TFNoisepollutionisoneformofpollutionthatischaracteristicofindustrialsocietiesisnoise.
II.TranslatethefollowingtermsintoEnglish:
(10%,2pointsforeach)
1.载人飞行mannedflight,
角动量angularmomentum;
相对力学relativisticmechanics
2.马蹄形磁铁horseshoemagnet;
土木工程civilengineering;
运动学kinematics;
动力学kinetics
3.数据库管理
databasemanagement;
弹出式广告pop-upads;
命令和指令
commands&instructions
系统总线bus
4.物种起源TheOriginofSpecies;超声波supersonic/ultrasonic/hypersonic;
寄存器register
5.装饰艺术artdeco;
无人机UAV/
UnmannedAerialVehicle;
防空工事airdefensework
静力学statics
6.操作系统OS/OperatingSystem;
麻花钻twistdrill;
抗体anti-body
7.氧化物oxidant;
毒品narcotics/narcoticdrugs;
解除管制decontrol
8.随机存储器(随机存储内存)RAM=RandomAccessMemory;
只读存储器(只读内存)ROM=Read-OnlyMemory;
下拉式菜单
Pull-down/drop-downMenu
9.中央处理器CPU=CentralProcessingUnit;
面向进程的process-oriented;
面向对象的object-oriented;
平板电脑tabletcomputer;
笔记本电脑
notebook/laptopcomputer;
台式机/台式电脑desktopcomputer
10.发电机组generatorunit/set;powerunit;
水电站
hydropower/water-powerplant;
鸡心夹头heartcarrier
11.手术后的postoperative;
死后的/验尸的postmortem;
凝固点solidpoint
12.炸弹负荷/炸弹负载bombload;
立体显微镜Stereomicroscope;
空气阻力airreaction
13.工字钢I-steel;
槽钢U-steel;
金字塔式框架A-frame
14.声纳sonar;
镭射/激光laser;
雷达radar;
15.城市规划urbanplanning;
转/分r.p.m;
超导体superconductor
III.TranslatethefollowingtermsintoChinese:
(30%,3pointsforeach)
1.airreaction,solidpoint,defensework
2.r.p.m,SCR,hydropower,
3.RAM,CPU,Read-OnlyMemory
4.stereomicroscope,oxidize,narcotics
5.process-oriented,heartcarrier,AC-DC
6.radar,sonar,superconductor
7.I-steel,T-beam,U-bolt
8.Morsecode,hypertext,front-user
9.hypo-health,postoperative,decontrol
10.mechanics,statics,kinematics
III.PutthefollowingsentencesintoChinese:
(20%,2pointsforeach)
1.Thesevacuumtubeswillseeuseintheoutputstage.这些真空管将在输出级得到应用。
2.Theshortestdistancebetweenrawmaterialandafinishedpartiscasting.铸造是把原材料加工成成品的最简便方法。
3.Birdsmaybeguidedintheirmigrationbythepositionofthesunorstars.鸟儿可能是通过太阳或恒星定位完成迁徙导航的。
4.Inthiscase,amagneticfieldwillbebuiltuproundthecoil.在这种情况下,线圈周围将形成一个磁场。
5.Atrialrunisneededbeforethemachineisputintooperation.在机器投入运行前,要先进行试车。
6.Anintricatenetworkofthecomputersystemrunsthismodernpetroleumrefinery.电子计算机系统的复杂网络管理着这个现代化的炼油厂。
7.MankindhasalwaysreverencedwhatTennysoncall“theusefultroubleofrain”.人类一直很推崇丁尼生所说的名言:
“雨既有用,又带来麻烦。
”
8.IsaacNewtonbelievedthattheuniverseissymmetricalandingoodbalance.艾萨克·牛顿认为宇宙既是对称的,又是非常平衡的。
9.Hewasthrownintoconfusionbyunexpectedresultsinthefirstexperiment.首次实验发生的以外结果使他脑子陷入一片混乱。
10.Opticstechnologyisoneofthemostsensationaldevelopmentinrecentyears.光学技术是近年来轰动一时的科学成就之一。
11.Enginemustbreathefreelytoprovidemaximumpowerandperformance.发动机必须通风良好,以便提供最大动力,发挥最佳效果。
12.Largequantitiesofsteamareusedbymodernindustrytogeneratepower.现代化工业/现代产业大量使用蒸汽来发电。
13.Thisnew-typecylindricalvesselisdesignedandmadebyChineseworkers.这种新型圆筒形容器是由中国工人设计制造的。
14.Laserisfoundveryefficientindrillingsmallholesintunnelconstructions.人们早已发现,激光是隧道施工中用于细孔钻探的高效设备。
15.Aroughingcutisusuallytobefollowedbyafinishingcut.通常,先做粗切割,紧跟着进行精切割。
16.Iron,usually,isextractedfromtheorebymeltingitintheblastfurnace.铁,通常是由放入鼓风高炉的铁矿砂经冶炼熔化后提取出来。
IV.Cloze:
(15%,1pointforeach)
Peoplecanbecomeaddicted(1to)differentthings─e.g.,alcohol,drugs,certainfoods,cellphone,selfiestick,oreventelevision.Peoplewhohavesuch(2an)addictionarecompulsive,i.e.,theyhaveaverypowerfulpsychologicalneedthattheyfeeltheymustsatisfy.Accordingtopsychologists,manypeoplearecompulsivespenders;Theyfeelthattheymustspendmoney.Thiscompulsion,(3like)mostothers,isirrational─impossibletoexplainreasonably.(4For)compulsivespenderswhobuyoncredit,chargeaccountsareevenmoreexcitingthanmoney.(5In)otherwords,compulsivespendersfeelthatwithcredit,theycandoanything.Theirpleasureinspendingenormousamountsisactuallygreater(6than)thepleasurethattheygetfromthethingstheybuy.
Thereiseven(7a)specialpsychologyofbargain-hunting.Tosavemoney,ofcourse,mostpeoplelook(8for)sales,lowprices,anddiscounts.Compulsivebargainhunters,however,oftenbuythingsthattheydon’tneedjust(9because)theyarecheap.Theywanttobelievethattheyarehelpingtheirbudgets,buttheyarereallyplayinganexcitinggame;whentheycanbuysomethingfor(10less)thanotherpeople,theyfeelthattheyarewinning.Mostpeople,expertsclaim,havetworeasonsfortheirbehavior:
agoodreasonforthethingsthattheydoand(11the)realreason.
Itisnotonlyscientists,ofcourse,(12who)understandthepsychologyofspendinghabits,butalsobusinesspeople.Stores,companies,andadvertisersusepsychology(13to)increasebusiness.Theyconsiderpeople’sneedsfor
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