精品10中英文双语环境污染管理治理控制预防外文文献翻译成品大气污染的防控一条综合性的设计方法.docx
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精品10中英文双语环境污染管理治理控制预防外文文献翻译成品大气污染的防控一条综合性的设计方法.docx
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精品10中英文双语环境污染管理治理控制预防外文文献翻译成品大气污染的防控一条综合性的设计方法
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外文标题:
AirPollutionPreventionandControl-AnIntegratedDesignedApproach
外文作者:
Dr.AksheyBhargava,M.tech,Ph.D.,LLB
文献出处:
InternationalJournalofEngineeringScienceandComputing,April2018,Volume6,IssueNo.4(如觉得年份太老,可改为近2年,毕竟很多毕业生都这样做)
英文2873单词,14698字符(字符就是印刷符),中文4589汉字。
AirPollutionPreventionandControl-AnIntegratedDesignedApproach
Abstract:
ThePlanning,ManagementandControlofAirPollutionneedtobeaddressedsimultaneouslytoachievethemaximumoutput.Thepresentpapersignifytheimportanceandhighlightanintegratedapproachneedstobeinfusedintothesystemwhichinter-aliaincludeSourcecontrol,Pathwaycontrol,andReceptorcontrol.AnefforthasbeenmadeinthepresentpapertobrieflydescribePathwayandReceptorcontrolwithmainemphasisondesignoftheAirPollutionControlSystems,particularlyBagFilterstocontroldustemissionsandWetScrubberstocontrolgaseousemissionsbywayofThrowawayscrubbingprocesses,RegenerativeScrubbingProcesses,DryProcessesandSprayTowers.
KeyWords:
AirPollution,IntegratedApproach,DesignofControlSystems.
Introduction:
Theterm“AirPollution”isusedtodescribesubstancesthatareartificiallyintroducedintotheairintheformofgasesandairborneparticleswhich,inexcess,areharmfultohumanhealth,buildingsandecosystems.Airpollutionismainlycausedbycombustionoffossilfuel,processingofmaterialsanddecompositionoforganicmatters.Themainsourcesofairpollutionisfromindustrialactivities,transportsector,householdfuelburning,andothercommercialactivities.Thepresentpaperhighlightanintegratedapproachwhichinter-aliaincludeSourceControl,Pathwaycontrol,andReceptorcontrol.AnefforthasbeenmadeinthepresentpapertobrieflydescribePathwayandReceptorcontrolwithmainemphasisondesignoftheAirPollutionControlSystems,thedetailsofwhichareasunder:
PathwayControl:
Pathwaycontrolisacontrolsystemthroughwhichtheairpollutantsarerestrictedorarrestedbetweenasourceandreceptorthroughthemechanismofscavengingandfiltration.Thiscanbeachievedbyhavingagreenbeltofsuitablespeciesbetweensourceandreceptor.Suchagreenbeltwouldbeabletoabsorbtheairpollutiongasesandwouldalsoactasfilteringmediafortheparticulatematter.Sometimesincertainsituations,curtainsintheformofhighwallsorothermeansarealsoprovidedbetweensourcesandreceptortorestrictairpollutantstoreachreceptors.
ReceptorControl:
Receptorcontrolisgovernedbyanintegratedurbanandruralplanningwhichshouldinvariablyincorporateenvironmentalpolicyparametersintheformoffollowing:
-Atmosphericstabilitycondition
-Aerodynamiceffects
-Albedo-effect
-Heatislandeffect
-Ventilationcoefficients
-Optimizationbetweenconcretingandnon-concretingsurfacearea
-Optimizationbetweenverticaltohorizontalexpansionofurbanarea
Iftheaboveissuesareadequatelyandscientificallyaddressed,thelevelofairpollutionatthereceptorurbanareashallbesignificantlylow.
SourceControl:
Mainstressisusuallylaidonsourcecontroltechniqueswiththefocusontwofronts,oneon“transformationofwastegasses/materialsintousableproducts”andsecondon“endofthepipetreatment“.Thefirstapproachisgraduallycomingtoforefrontwiththeadvancementofresearchanddevelopmentalactivitiesandwhichhaseconomicvalueaddition.Thesecondapproachiscostintensiveinwhichpollutioncontrolequipmentordevicesareinstalledtorestrictairpollutionintoatmosphere.Sourcecontrolisalsoassociatedwithintroductionofcleanertechnologies,optimizationofprocesses,controlledcombustions,useofcleanerrawmaterialsorfuelsetc.
DesignofAirPollutioncontrolsystems:
A.ParticulateMattercontrol:
Therearevariousairpollutioncontrolequipmentforthecontrolofdustemissionsdependinguponparticlesize,minimumloading,desiredefficiency,typicalvelocity,maximumgaspressuredrop,andspacerequirements.Thesecontrolequipment’saredrycollectors,aswellas,wetcollectorsdependinguponthebasiccharacterisesofgasandlocalconditions.
Thedrycollectingdevicesare:
1.Settlingchambers
2.Bafflechambers
3.Lowerchambers
4.Cyclonechambers
5.Multiplecyclones
6.Impingement
7.FabricFilters
8.Electrostaticprecipitators
Thewetdevicesareusedwhereinwaterorscrubbingmediaisusuallyusedtocontrolemissions.Thesecontroldevicesare
1.Gravityspraytower
2.CentrifugalCollectors
3.Impingementchambers
4.Packedtower
5.Jetsprayscrubbingtower
6.Venturyscrubber
Bagfiltersdesign:
Introduction:
Filtrationisamongthemostreliable,efficient,andrathereconomicalmethodsbywhichparticulatemattermayberemovedfromgases.
∙Suchtypeoffiltersarerepresentedbyvariousfabricbagarrangementsandcapableofhighdustloading,morethan1gm/m3
∙In-depthorbedfilters
∙Representedbyfibrousarray,apaperlikemat,andoccasionally,asadeeppackedbed.Packedbedsareappliedwhenparticulateconcentrationismuchless
.Deeppackedbedsarepreparedfromcrushedstoneorbricks,wirescreens,orfibersofmanytypesarrangedindividuallyorincombination
Fabricbagfilters:
∙Employedtocontrolemissionsinvolvingabrasives,irritatingchemicaldusts,andexhaustsfromelectricfurnaces,oilfiredboilers,oxygenfedconvertersforsteelmaking.
Principleofoperation:
Filtrationisprincipallyaccomplishedbytheparticlelayerthataccumulatesonthefabricsurface.Pressurelossincreaseswithaccumulateddustlayer,therebygasvelocitydecreases.Thus,dustdislodgingoperationisundertakentohaveproperfiltration.Manyfabricbagfiltersassembledinoneunitiscalledbaghouse.
Classificationoffilters:
∙Fabricorclothfilters
Propertiesoffibermaterials:
Resistancetoattackby:
Fiber
Strength
Temp.F
Acid
Base
Organic
solvent
Cost&others
Cotton
Strong
180
Poor
Medium
Good
Low
Wool
Medium
210
Medium
Poor
Good
-
Paper
Weak
180
Poor
Medium
Good
Low
Nylon
Strong
220
Medium
Good
Good
Easy
toclean
Dacron
Strong
280
Good
Medium
Good
-
Orlon
Medium
250
Good
Medium
Good
-
Vinylidenechloride
Medium
210
Good
Medium
Good
-
Polyethylene
Strong
250
Medium
Medium
Medium
-
Tetrafluoro
ethylene
Medium
500
Good
Good
Good
Expensive
Polyvinyl
acetate
Strong
250
Medium
Good
Poor
-
Glass
Strong
550
Medium
Medium
Good
PoorResistancetoabrasion
Graphitizedfiber
Weak
500
Medium
Good
Good
Expensive
Asbestos
Weak
500
Medium
Medium
Good
-
Nomexnylon
Strong
450
Good
Medium
Good
PoorResistancetomoisture
DesignofBagFilter:
Collectionefficiencyandpressuredropforasinglelayerorbagfilter
∆P=(K1+K2*Cma)*Vo=(K1+K2*Cma)*Q/AfWhere,
Cma=massareaconcentrationinkg/m2andrepresentsmassofdustpresentinthedustcakeattachedtounitareaoffilter,alsoproportionaltothicknessofdustcake
K1,K2=constantsinN-sec/m3orkg/m2/sTypicalvaluesofK1andK2
12000 10000 Thethicknessofdustcakeincreaseswithtime,itsgrowthcanbepredictedifflowrateanddustconcentrationareknown.Theequationis: Cma=Q*Cmv*t/Af=Vo*Cmv*tWhere, Cmv=massvolumeconcentration t=timesincefilterwaslastcleaned BagfiltersandBaghouses: ∙Bagfiltermostcommonlyusedisintheshapeofalongcylinderwherefilterisclampedaroundasleeveatthebottomandaroundacapatthetop. ∙Theairentersatthebottom,flowsthroughfilteralongitssides,leavingthedusttoformacakeontheinsideofthefilter,andflowsoutsidethefiltertotheexitduct. ∙Generally,bagsdiameterrangesfrom12.5to30cmwithlengthsfrom2to6meters.Lengthtodiameterratioshouldnotusuallyexceed20: 1 ∙Bagsinthebaghousearesewedtoastrapwhichisfastenedtoahangeratthetopendofeachbag.Thehangerisattachedtotheshakermechanism. ∙Largebaghousesarebuiltwithseveralcompartmentsoutofwhichatleast2compartmentsshouldbeoff-line,oneforcleaningandoneforrepairorreplacementofbags Bagsshouldbearrangedwithineachcompartmentinsuchawayastoutilizethespaceeffectivelyandyetprovideaccesstoeachindividualbagforreplacement.Thisisdonebyplacingthebagsclosetogether,about5cmapart,whileleavingwidespacesof1/3to2/3meterbetweeneveryfourthtoeighthrowofbags. Cleaningcyclesforbaghouses ∙Cleaningisessentialwheneverthepressuredropacrossthefilterreachesacertainpresetvalue.Thelengthofcleaningcycle,thatis,thetimeperiodbetweenthestartofonecleaningprocessandthestartofnextcleaningprocessneedstobecalculated.Followingassumptionsaremade: n=numberofcompartmentsinbaghouseQ=totalflowrate n–1=activecompartments,asonewillalwaysbekeptforcleaning ∆P=pressuredrop ∆Pm=maximumvalueofpressuredrop Cmai=weightofdustcakeoneachfilter,wheresubscriptirepresentstheithcompartment t1=lengthofcleaningcycle Qi=flowratethroughithcompartment Afi=filterareaineachcompartmentwhichissameforallcompartments ∆tc=lengthofcleaningprocess ø1andǿ1aretheconstants,valueofø1canbeobtainedfromgraphdrawnbetweenø1andQK1/Afi*∆Pm ǿ1canbecalculatedfromequationbelow: ǿ1=ø1–2K2*Cmv*∆Pm*∆tc/K12 t1canbecalculatedfromequation: t1=(Afi*K1/K2*Cmv*Q)*(√1+ǿ1+ø1*(n–1)-1)) DesignofWetScrubber: Particulatescrubber Inallscrubbersdropletsofthescrubbingmediaare
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