3A突破定语从句.docx
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3A突破定语从句.docx
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3A突破定语从句
突破定语从句
什么是定语?
简单来说定语就是修饰、限定名词或代词的句子成分。
Mystudentsneedthreenotebooks.BecausethisistheonlywaytolearnEnglishwell.Theycanbuytheminthebookstorearoundthecorner.Thenoteswrittendownbythemmustbeofgreatvaluetothem.Thosewhodon’ttaketheirteacher’sadvicewillnotmeetthebasicstandardthattheirteacherrequires.
本章精髓:
1.找到从句划括号;2.根据成分选连词
讲前小测
题一:
Anecosystemconsistsofthelivingandnonlivingthingsinanarea______interactwithoneanother.
A.thatB.whereC.whoD.what
题二:
Theprizewillgotothewriter____storyshowsthemostimagination.
A.thatB.whichC.whoseD.what
题三:
It’shelpfultoputchildreninasituation____theycanseethemselvesdifferently.
A.thatB.whenC.whichD.where
题四:
YoumightsearchontheInternetforcommentsornewsstoriesaboutthisschool____mayinterestyou.
A.whereB./C.thatD.what
题五:
HowIregretthehourswastedinthewoodsandfields,____Ishouldhavestudied.
A.whereB.whatC.whichD.when
主要考点梳理
请给下列选项按照形容词的顺序排序。
1.Thisisa________flower.
A.yellowB.little
2.Thisisa____bridge.
A.GermanB.stoneC.smallD.beautifulE.gray
“美小圆旧黄,法国木书房”
“限观形龄颜国材”
“限描大颜类”
“冠观数大形,新色国材名”
定语从句大拼盘,先看一例子:
一、这就是那个妇女。
1.Thisisthewoman.
二、那个妇女昨天帮助了我。
2.Thewomanhelpedmeyesterday.
三、这就是昨天帮助了我的那个妇女。
Thisisthewomanwhohelpedmeyesterday.
定义及相关术语
1.定语从句:
修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。
2.先行词:
被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。
3.关系词:
引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
关系词有关系代词和关系副词
关系代词有:
that,which,who,whom,whose,as等。
关系副词有:
when,where,why
关系词通常有下列三个作用:
A.引导定语从句;
B.代替先行词;
C.在定语从句中担当一个成分。
Themanwhoisshakinghandswithmyfatherisapoliceman.
who指人,在从句中作主语、宾语或表语
whom指人,在从句中作宾语
whose指人或物,在从句中作定语
that指人或物,在从句中作主语、宾语或表语
which指物,在从句中作主语或宾语
as指人、物,在从句中作主语、宾语或表语
when指时间,在从句中作时间状语
where指地点,在从句中作地点状语
why指原因,在从句中作原因状语
Thisisthewoman____shehelpedmeyesterday.
Thisisthewoman____helpedmeyesterday.(从句中缺少主语,先行词是人)
Shelivesinahouse.Thewindowsofthehousefacesouth.
Shelivesinahouse______thewindowsofthehousefacesouth.
Shelivesinahouse______windowsfacesouth.(从句中缺少定语,先行词的物)
Shelivesinahousethewindowsof______facesouth.
Doyouknowtheboy?
Theboy’sfatherisanEnglishteacher?
Doyouknowtheboy__________fatherisanEnglishteacher?
(从句缺少定语,先行词是人)
Doyouknowtheboythefatherof_________isanEnglishteacher?
Heistheveryman.Ifoundmylostmoneyintheman’spocket.
Heistheverymanin_______pocketIfoundmylostmoney.(从句缺少定语,先行词是人)
Thebookisinteresting.Thebooktellsusabouttheearth.
Thebooktellsusabouttheearth_____itisinteresting.
Thebook____________tellsusabouttheearthisinteresting.(从句中缺少主语,先行词是物)
I’llneverforgettheday.Ijoinedthearmyontheday.
I’llneverforgettheday__________/___________Ijoinedthearmy.(从句不缺成分,先行词是时间名词)
Iwon’tforgetthefactory.Myfatherworkedinthefactory.
Iwon’tforgetthefactory_________/_________myfatherworked.(从句不缺成分,先行词是地点名词)
Tellmethereason.Youcamelate.
Tellmethereason_______/____________youcamelate.(从句不缺成分,先行词是名词)
Wehavemanystudents.Twoofthestudentshavewonprizesofinternationalcompetitions.
Wehavemanystudents,andtwoof________havewonprizesofinternationalcompetitions.
Wehavemanystudents,twoof________havewonprizesofinternationalcompetitions.(从句缺少主语,先行词是人)
定语从句做题两步走:
1.找到从句划括号
连接词起,第二个动词前止。
2.根据成分选连词
一看指人还是物,二看介词在何处,
三看句中作何用,四看是否属特殊。
主谓宾定状补
Theboysawabutterflyflyinginthesmallgardenjustnow.
分析句子成分:
Hevisitedtheschoolyesterday.
Heworkedintheschoolyesterday.
Heishappyattheparty.
什么叫做“主谓宾”全齐?
1.Iboughtanappleyesterday.
2.IarrivedinBeijinglastmonth.
3.Itoldhimthestoryjustnow.
4.Thehousewasdestroyedatthattime.
一看指人还是物;三看句中做何用
如果从句中缺少主干成分,补关系代词;
如果不缺主干成分,补关系副词
主语:
who(人)which(物)that(人/物)
宾语:
who/whom(人)which(物)that(人/物)
定语:
whose(人,物)
状语:
where,when,why
练一练:
迅速判断下列定从中缺什么成分?
1.Ihavereadallthebooks____wereborrowedfromthelibrary.
2.Hetoldusall____heknewaboutcomputer.
3.Childrenwhoarenotactiveor____dietishighinfatwillgainweightquickly.
4.—Whatdoyouthinkofteaching,Bob?
—Ifinditfunandchallenging.Itisajob____youaredoingsomethingseriousbutinteresting.
二看介词在何处
介词置于从句句首:
whom,which
练一练:
1.Ihavenohousein______tolive.
2.Ihavenohouse______________Icanlivein.
3.Doyouknowthemanwith_____Ishookhands?
4.Doyouknowtheman_______Ishookhandswith?
介词+不定代词的用法注意:
1.whose+名词=the名词+ofwhich/ofwhich+the名词
例:
Haveyouseenthemanwhoseeyesareblue?
=Haveyouseenthemantheeyesofwhomareblue?
Thisisthewomanthedaughterofwhomisanurse.
Thisisthewomanofwhomthedaughterisanurse.
Thisisthehousethewindowsofwhichfacesouth.
Thisisthehouseofwhichthewindowsfacesouth.
whose=ofwhichthe/ofwhomthe
Lookout!
Don’tgettooclosetothehouse_______roofisunderrepair.
A.whoseB.whichC.ofwhichD.that
2.介词的选择要能将从句跟先行词连接起来
【重庆】Humanfacialexpressionsdifferfromthoseofanimalsinthedegree______theycanbecontrolledonpurpose.
A.withwhichB.towhich
C.ofwhichD.forwhich
特殊情况1:
that/which
特殊情况2:
such…as和such…that
四看是否属特殊
易混点1.请用that和which填空
1.Theytalkedofthingsandpersons____theyrememberedintheschool.
2.Everything____canbedonehasbeendone.
3.Thisistheverygirl____wearelookingfor.
4.It’sthemostinterestingmovie____Ihaveeverseen.
5.Mymombroughttwodogshomeyesterday.NowIcanseethetwo____areplayinginthegarden.
6.Whoistheman____standsthere?
7.Thereisabookonthedesk____belongstoJack.
8.Hebuiltafactorywhichproducedthings____wehaveneverseenbefore.
9.Chinaisnotthecountry____itusedtobe.
10.Thefirstthing____Iwanttodoistogohome.
使用that不用which的情况
两:
先行词既有人又有物
代:
先行词为everything,anything,nothing,all等指物的代词时
限:
先行词被theonly,thevery,thelast,以及much,little,few,no等限定词修饰时
形:
先行词被形容词最高级修饰时
数:
先行词为数量词
特:
特殊疑问句
有:
There/Hereis句型中
重:
多重定语从句中已经有了which,为避免重复
表:
关系词在从句中作表语
序:
先行词被序数词修饰
两代限形数,特有重表序
使用which不用that的情况
that使用有禁忌,两个地方它不去:
逗号后面不考虑,介词后面它不去。
which也可做定语,避免重复相互替。
1.非限定性定语从句中不用that
例:
Tomcameback,____madeushappy.
2.关系代词前有介词,不用that
例:
Thisisthehouseof____thewindowsfacesouth.
3.先行词为that,those时,引导词用which
例:
What’sthat____wasputinthecar?
4.两个定语从句为避免重复,一个用that,一个用which。
例:
LetmeshowyouthenovelthatIborrowedfromthelibrary____wasnewlyopentous.
5.which还可作定语
例:
Hemaybelate,in____caseweoughttowaitforhim.
易混点2.such…as…和such…that…
1.Heissuchacleverboy____everyonelikes.
2.Heissuchacleverboy____everyonelikeshim.
such…as…引导定语从句,从句中as要做成分
such…that…引导状语从句,从句中that不做成分
ThisisthesamebookthatIlostyesterday.
ThisisthesamebookasIlostyesterday.
限制性定语从句
1.对先行词起修饰限制作用,如果去掉,主句意思就不完整明确,这种从句与主句的关系十分密切,写时不用逗号分开
2.关系代词作从句宾语时,可省略
非限制性定语从句
1.对先行词作附加的说明,与主句的关系不十分密切,较松散。
2.从句和主句之间用逗号分开,相当于一个插入语,不能用that,why引导;任何关系代词或副词都不能省略
3.非限制性定语从句的适用情形:
(1)独一无二的词作先行词
(2)从句中表部分信息或包括所有时,如:
...,some/any/most/30%/one/all/noneofwhich/whom...
牢记一个特殊对象as
Asweallknow,theearthgoesaroundthesun.
Theearthgoesaroundthesun,asweallknow.
Iboughtthesamebookasyouhave.
Hewasadmittedtothecompany,whichmadehisfamiliesdelighted.
Hewasadmittedtothecompany,ashisfamiliesexpected.
定语从句中最容易混淆的知识点:
1、是用theone还是用that,which,where.
(1)Isthisschool_______youstudyin?
(2)Isthistheschool______youstudyin?
(3)Isthistheschool_______youstudy?
(4)Isthisschool______isaseniorone?
A.that/whichB.whereC.theoneD.theonewhereE.theonethat/which
遇到这类句子,先将其变成肯定句,再看主句是否缺少表语。
若缺表语,则必须用theone的形式,接着再看theone在从句中作什么成分,若作状语,则必须用theonewhere,若做主语或宾语时,则用theone(that/which)
2、是用when还是用that,which
(1)May1istheday______wespenttogether.
(2)May1istheday________ijoinedthearmy.
A.that/whichB.when
当先行词是表示时间的名词时,作时间状语时,用when,若做主语或宾语时,就用that/which.
3、定语从句与强调结构的区别
(1)Itwasinthishouse______hewasborn.
(2)Itwasthishouse______hewasborn.
(3)Itwasinthehouse________heusedtolivethattheexhibitionwasheld..
A.whereB.thatC.whichD.there
判断是否是强调结构的方法是去掉itis/was…that,若整个句子结构和意义不受影响,则为强调结构,否则为定语从句。
4、定语从句与其他从句的区别
(1)定语从句与地点状语从句的区别是看有无表示地点的名词作先行词,有则是定语从句,试比较:
Youshouldleavethetoywhereyoucanfind.Istillrememberthebusstopwhere/atwhichImetyou.
(2)定语从句与结果状语从句的区别是看从句的边接词是否在从句中作成分,作成分的是定语从句;若连接词在句中不作成分时,则为结果状语从句。
试比较:
Heissuchakindpersonaseverybodylikes.Heissuchakindpersonthateverybodylikeshim.
(3)定语从句与同位语从句的区别主要是看连接词是否在从句中作成分,作成分的是定语从句,不作成分而只是表示前面名词的具体内容的则是同位语从句。
试比较:
Thenewsthathehadbeenbacksurprisedusall.Themews(that)hetoldussurprisedusall.
5、way后面的定语从句(用that/inwhich或省略):
Pleasetellmetheway(that/inwhich)youdidthejob.
金题精讲
题一:
Thesearethepeopleandplaces________Iwroteaboutinmylastnovel.
A.whichB.whoC.thatD.what
题二:
Iwillneverforgetthedays______IspentinBeijing.
A.whichB.whatC.whenD.where
Iwillneverforgetthedays______IstudiedinBeijing.
A.whichB.whatC.whenD.where
题三:
Thisisthemostbeautifulpark________Ihaveeverseen.
A.whichB.thatC.whomD.where
Thisisthesecondbook_____Ireceivedtoday.
A.whichB.thatC.whomD.what
Thisisall____Icandoforyou.
A.thatB.whatC.whichD.who
Thisistheverybook____Iwanttosharewithyou.
A.whatB.whichC.thatD.where
题四:
Thisisthemovie________wetalkedaboutjustnow.
Thisisthemovieabout________wetalkedjustnow.
A.whichB.thatC./D.
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