外文文献翻译本地化跨境电子商务模型.docx
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外文文献翻译本地化跨境电子商务模型.docx
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外文文献翻译本地化跨境电子商务模型
外文文献翻译
(含:
英文原文及中文译文)
文献出处:
AsoshehHA,Shahidi-Nejad,KhodkariH.IntroducingaLocalizedCross-BorderE-CommerceModel,case:
IranB2BE-Commerce[J].InternationalJournalofInformationScience&Management,2012.
英文原文
IntroducingaLocalizedCross-BorderE-CommerceModel,case:
IranB2BE-Commerce
AbbasAsosheh,HadiNejad,HouriehKhodkari
ABSTRACT
BytheexplosivegrowthofB2Be-commercetransactionsininternationalsupplychainsandtherapidincreaseofbusinessdocumentsinIran’scross-bordertrading,effectivemanagementoftradeprocessesoverbordersisvitalinB2Be-commercesystems.StructureofthelocalizedmodelinthispaperisbasedonthreemajorlayersofaB2Be-commerceinfrastructure,whicharemessaginglayer,businessprocesslayerandcontentlayer.ForeachoftheselayersproperstandardsandsolutionsarechosenduetoIran’se-commercerequirements.AsitisneededtomovesmoothlytowardselectronicdocumentsinIran,UNedocsstandardissuggestedtosupportthecontentsofbothpaperandelectronicdocuments.Theverificationofthesuggestedmodelisdonebypresentingafourphasescenariothroughcasestudymethod.Thelocalizedmodelinthispapertriestomakeastrategicviewofbusinessdocumentsexchangeintradeprocesses,andgettingclosertothekeytargetofregionalsinglewindowsestablishmentinglobaltradee-supplychains.
Keywords:
E-Commerce;Cross-BorderTrade;ElectronicDocumentManagement;InternationalSupplyChain
1Introduction
Electroniccommerceisaboutbuyingandsellingproductsorservicesoverelectronicsystemslikeinternetandothernetworks.ThetermB2B(Business-to-Business)describescommercetransactionsbetweenbusinesses,suchasbetweenamanufacturerandawholesaler,orbetweenawholesalerandaretailer.Inthispapertheresearchfocusisonthecommunicationbetweentradersintwodifferentcountries.Todayoneofthemaintargetsoftheworldtradeorganizationistoestablishregionalsinglewindowswhichcanincreasethetradefacilitationindifferentpartsofworld.Establishingaregionalsinglewindowneedscrossbordergatewaysthatcanexchangetradedocumentsefficiently.Sofirst,thekeynecessityofmanagingthesimplifieddocumentsoverbordersistomovetowardnationalsinglewindows.Afterthat,theregionalsinglewindowscanauthorizethecommunicationbetweencountries.
E-commercemodelsarestudiedbasedonthethreemajorlogicallayers.Thesethreelayersaremessaginglayer,businessprocesslayerandcontentlayer[1,2].Generallythelocalizedmodelinthispaperisawaytoautomatetheprocessofexchangingtradingdocuments.ThiscanbeastepthroughestablishingtheNationalsinglewindowofIranandthenwiththemoreinteroperabilitybetweentheEastAsianandMiddleEasterncountriesaregionalsinglewindowcanbeimprovedinthefuture.
InthispaperthesecondsectionisdiscussedbasicconceptsandstandardsrequiredtointroducethecrossborderB2Bmodelininternationalsupplychains.Thethirdsectionisassignedtointroducethescopeofthemodelanditscomponentsfunctionalityinabigpictureschema.TheforthsectiondiscussesthemodellocalizationoverB2Btransactionlayers,andfinallythepaperinconcluded.
2.Background
Inthissection,besides,havingalookatB2Be-commerceinIran,thebackgroundconceptssuchasstandardsandreferencemodelswhicharebeingusedinlocalizationoftheB2Be-commercecrossbordermodelarediscussed.
2.1.B2BE-CommerceinIran
TodaytheperformanceofthetradeprocessesinIranisakeytradesuccesspoint.Iranhaslongborderswithmanyofthecountriesintheregionanditsimportandexportprocessescanbedoneoverroad,rail,seaandairways.SothecentralandstrategicroleofthiscountrymakesitakeytradepointofgoodstransitintheAsiaandMiddleEastregion.
ThesearethemainelectronicsystemswhichareusingtodaytofacilitatetradeprocessesinIran.Thesystemsarementionedhereasindependenttradefacilitatorswhichcanhaveinteractionwiththesuggestedmodelinthispaperinthefuture.JoiningIrantotheworldtradeorganizationregardingthestandardizationofdataelementsandtradeprocessescanbeagoodmovementthroughimprovingregionalsinglewindowsinAsia.Fromthedesigningpointofview,oneofthemainadvantagesofdocumentdataharmonizationinIranisthereductionofdataelementsoftheforms.Sotheycanbereusedindifferentdocumentsasmuchaspossible.Thismakesthecountryreadyforusinganystandardformsofdata.Sothelocalizedcross-bordermodelinB2Be-commercecanmakethetradeprocessesmakefasterandsaferwhichisoneofthenecessitiesofIran’stradingtoday.
2.2.SingleWindow
TheSingleWindowisasystem,whichenablessinglesubmissionentryandSingleandsynchronousprocessingofdataandinformation.Thesecanhelpthesystemtomakeakeyservicewhichissoeffectiveinshippinggoodsovertheborderswhichis:
ASingleDecision-makingpointforcustomsreleaseandclearanceofcargo.ItisneededtogothroughestablishingaNationalsinglewindowinIrantogetclosertojoiningaregionalsinglewindow.
2.3.Buy-Ship-PayReferenceModel
Inordertounderstandthecomplexityofinternationaltrade,thissimplemodelcanmakeaclearviewofthekeyelementsofatradetransaction,andconsequentlytoproperlycompilethenecessarytradefacilitationmeasures.UN/CEFACThassetoutthistomodeltheinternationalsupplychainusinganinternationallyacceptedmodelingtechniquetoprovidereferencemodel,whichgivesaviewoftheinternationalsupplychaininitsentirety.AsimpleviewoftheinternationalsupplychainbasedonBSPmodelincludesthreemaincategoriesofprocesseswhicharebuy,shipandpay,plusfourtypesofrolessuchascustomer,authority,intermediaryandsupplier.
3.ModelIntroduction
Inthissectionthecustomizedmodelincross-borderecommerceisbeingintroduced.ThesubsectionsincludeModelscope,mainmodelcomponentsandtheirbehavioroverB2BtransactionsindifferentB2Btransactionlayers.
InthissubsectionthescopeoftheB2Bcrossbordermodelregardingitsrolesandusecasesisdiscussed.Differentlevelsofdataintegrationexistwhichcanbedonetosimplifythedatasets.Inthismodelthefocusisontheinternationallayer.Harmonizingdataelementsintheexchangeprocess,leadstoeffectivecross-bordertrade.Generally,thescopeofthemodelinthispaperisaboutinternationallayer,sothemainaimistoharmonizetradingtransactioninprocessesandcontent[7].Basedontheconceptofdataharmonizationwhichissuggestedinbothsidesofsupplychain;properstandardsandsolutionsinanalyzingthemodelcanbechosen.Thesestandardshavetosupportthecrossbordertransactions.
Thebuy-ship-payreferencemodeldiscussedasawaytosimplifytheprocessesandeliminateunnecessarydetailsofatradescenario.UNedocsprojectissuggestedtoclusterandmanagedifferentdocuments.Thesestandardsareintroducedassolutionstogothroughthesinglewindowpolicy.Firstlet’shaveahighlevelviewofthecomponentsofthesystemwhileacross-bordercommunicationishappening.Ineverysidecustomsareplacedwhichareleadingtothenationalsinglewindowofthecountry.ThedocumentsintheNationalformatareenteringtothetranslatormodulewhichischangingtheformatofthedocumentstothestandardUNedocsformat[8].Thenitcangothroughamiddlewaretobedeclaredmoreandfinallythecross-bordersinglewindowsisthelastgateway.Everycountrycanusethismodelformitsownsidetotheexchangegateway.
TherelationshipbetweenCAsinthismodelisdesignedaccordingtothebasictypesofPKIinteroperabilitymodels.BasedontheIran’se-supplychainsecurityrequirements,itisneededtosupportthecertificateauthoritybyusingthebenefitsofavarietyofdifferentrelationshiptopologies.ThearchitecturewhichissuggestedherebenefitstheadvantagesofCAhierarchymodel,certificatetrustlistandbridgeCAinteroperabilitymodels.
4.ModelLocalizationoverB2BLayers
InthissectionthecomponentsofthemodelarebeingdiscussedoverthreedifferentlayersofcommunicationbetweenB2Be-commercesystems.Eachsubsectionshowstherelationshipbetweenexporter,importer,customs,regionalsinglewindowandtheNationalsingle
4.1.BusinessProcessLayer
Inthebusinessprocesslayers,thereferencemodelandtheUNedocsprojectareusedtomanagetheelectronicdocs,butasakeystepofprojectmanagementfirsttheexactscopeofthetransactionswhichareincludedinthesuggestedmodelmustbedescribed.AccordingtowhatwasmentionedaboutUNedocs,itissaidthatthisprojectismainlyabouttheelectronicdocumentsbutnotaboutidentifyingthetradingpartnerortheusecaseswhichareaboutbeforecontract.
4.2.MessagingLayer
Themessaginglayerisresponsibletoestablishthecommunicationsessionbetweencomponents,andsendthecontentsofthemessagetonextlayersofthecomponentshierarchy[10].Theexporterandimporterareconsideredasthefirstandlastpointsofacommunicationlineandsinglewindowsystemsinnationalandregionallevelsareresponsibletoprocessinformationandmovethemforward.Thecertificateauthoritycomponentofthesystemisusingtoassuretheacknowledgementofeachmessage.Thecustomscomponentistheauthorizationsystemofgoodsdeclarations.Thelayeredarchitectureofthesystemisoneofthemainfactorsthatincreasethecrossbordermodel’sflexibilityandextendibility.Messagesmostlyincludeapprovaloftheformsineachlevelandupdatingthestatuesofcertificateauthoritymoduleinthestructureofthecross-bordermodel.
4.3.
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