四川大学考博英语真题及答案详解.docx
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四川大学考博英语真题及答案详解.docx
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四川大学考博英语真题及答案详解
四川大学2012考博英语真题及答案详解
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1)Signhasbecomeascientifichotbutton.Onlyinthepast20yearshavespecialistsinlanguagestudy
realizedthatsignedlanguagesareunique—aspeechofthehand.Theyofferanewwaytoprobehowthe
braingeneratesandunderstandslanguage,andthrownewlightonanoldscientificcontroversy:
whether
language,completewithgrammar,issomethingthatwearebornWith,orwhetheritisalearnedbehavior.
ThecurrentinterestinsignlanguagehasrootsinthepioneeringworkofonerebelteacheratGallaudet
UniversityinWashington,D.C.,theworld'sonlyliberalartsuniversityfordeafpeople.
WhenBillStokoewenttoGallaudettoteachEnglish,theschoolenrolledhiminacourseinsigning.But
Stokoenoticedsomethingodd:
amongthemselves,studentssigneddifferentlyfromhisclassroomteacher.
Stokoehadbeentaughtasortofgesturalcode,eachmovementofthehandsrepresentingawordin
English.Atthetime,AmericanSignLanguage(ASL)wasthoughttobenomorethanaformofpidgin
English(混杂英语).ButStokoebelievedthe“handtalk”hisstudentsusedlookedricher.Hewondered:
Mightdeafpeopleactually:
haveagenuinelanguage?
Andcouldthatlanguagebeunlikeanyotheron
Earth?
Itwas1955,whenevendeafpeopledismissedtheirsigningas“substandard”.Stokoe'sideawas
academicheresy(异端邪说).
Itis37yearslater.Stokoe—nowdevotinghistimetowritingandeditingbooksandjournalsandto
producingvideomaterialsonASLandthedeafculture—ishavinglunchatacafeneartheGallaudet
campusandexplaininghowhestartedarevolution.Fordecadeseducatorsfoughthisideathatsigned
languagesarenaturallanguageslikeEnglish,FrenchandJapanese.Theyassumedlanguagemustbe
basedonspeech,themodulation(调节)ofsound.Butsignlanguageisbasedonthemovementofhands,
themodulationofspace.“WhatIsaid,”Stokoeexplains,“isthatlanguageisnotmouthstuff—it'sbrain
stuff.”
21.Thestudyofsignlanguageisthoughttobe_____C___.
A)anewwaytolookatthelearningoflanguage
B)achallengetotraditional,viewsonthenatureoflanguage
C)anapproach:
tosimplifyingthegrammaticalstructureofalanguage
D)anattempttoclarifymisunderstandingabouttheoriginoflanguage(C)
22.The,presentgrowinginterestinsignlanguagewasstimulatedby___C_____.
A)afamousscholarinthestudyofthehumanbrain
B)aleadingspecialistinthestudyofliberalarts
C)anEnglishteacherinauniversityforthedeaf
)C(D)someseniorexpertsinAmericanSignLanguage
23.AccordingtoStokoe,signlanguageis_____B___.
A)aSubstandardlanguage
B)agenuinelanguage
C)anartificiallanguage
D)aninternationallanguage(B)
24.MosteducatorsobjectedtoStokoe'sideabecausetheythought_____D___.
A)signlanguagewasnotextensivelyusedevenbydeafpeople
B)signlanguagewastooartificialtobewidelyaccepted
C)alanguageshouldbeeasytouseandunderstand
D)alanguagecouldonlyexistintheformofspeechsounds(D)
25.Stokoe'sargumentisbasedonhisbeliefthat____D____.
A)signlanguageisasefficientasanyotherlanguage
B)signlanguageisderivedfromnaturallanguage
C)languageisasystemofmeaningfulcodes
D)languageisaproductofthebrain(D)
2)Itwastheworsttragedyinmaritimehistory,sixtimesmoredeadlythantheTitanic.WhentheGerman
cruiseshipWilhelmGustloffwashitbytorpedoesfiredfromaRussiansubmarineinthefinalwinterof
WorldWarII,morethan10,000people-mostlywomen,childrenandoldpeoplefleeingthefinalRedArmy
pushintoNaziGermany-werepackedaboard.Anicestormhadturnedthedecksintofrozensheetsthat
senthundredsoffamiliesslidingintotheseaastheshiptiltedandbegantogodown.Othersdesperately
triedtoputlifeboatsdown.Somewhosucceededfoughtoffthoseinthewaterwhohadthestrengthtotry
toclawtheirwayaboard.Mostpeoplefrozeimmediately.I'llneverforgetthescreams,”saysChrista
Ntitzmann,87,oneofthe1,200survivors.Sherecallswatchingtheship,brightlylit,slippingintoitsdark
grave-andintoseemingnothingness,rarelymentionedformorethanhalfacentury.
NowGermany'sNobelPrize-winningauthorGtinterGrasshasrevivedthememoryofthe9,000dead,
includingmorethan4,000children-withhislatestnovelCrabWalk,publishedlastmonth.Thebook,which
willbeoutinEnglishnextyear,doesn'tdwellonthesinking;itsheroineisapregnantyoungwomanwho
survivesthecatastropheonlytosaylater:
“Nobodywantedtohearaboutit,nothereintheWest(of
Germany)andnotatallintheEast.”Thereasonwasobvious.AsGrassputitinarecentinterviewwiththe
weeklyDieWoche:
“BecausethecrimesweGermansareresponsibleforwereandaresodominant,we
didn'thavetheenergylefttotellofourownsufferings.”
ThelongsilenceaboutthesinkingoftheWilhelmGustloffwasprobablyunavoidable-andnecessary.By
unreservedlyowninguptotheircountry'smonstrouscrimesintheSecondWorldWar,Germanshave
managedtowinacceptanceabroad,marginalizetheneo-Nazisathomeandmakepeacewiththeir
neighbors.Today'sunifiedGermanyismoreprosperousandstablethanatanytimeinitslong,troubled
history.Forthat,ahalfcenturyofwillfulforgettingaboutpainfulmemoriesliketheGermanTitanicwas
perhapsareasonablepricetopay.ButeventhemostpoliticallycorrectGermansbelievethatthey'yenow
earnedtherighttodiscussthefullhistoricalrecord.NottoequateGermansufferingwiththatofitsvictims,
butsimplytoacknowledgeaterribletragedy.
31.WhydoestheauthorsaythesinkingoftheWilhelmGustloffwastheworsttragedyinmaritimehistory?
(B)
A)ItwasattackedbyRussiantorpedoes.
B)Itcausedthelargestnumberofcasualties.
C)Mostofitspassengerswerefrozentodeath.
D)Itsvictimsweremostlywomenandchildren.
32.Hundredsoffamiliesdroppedintotheseawhen___(A)_____.
A)thebadlydamagedshipleanedtowardoneside
B)astrongicestormtiltedtheship
C)thecruiseshipsankallofasudden
D)thefrightenedpassengersfoughtdesperatelyforlifeboats
33.TheWilhelmGustlofftragedywaslittletalkedaboutformorethanhalfacenturybecauseGermans
_____(D)___.
A)wereeagertowininternationalacceptance
B)hadbeenpressuredtokeepsilentaboutit
C)wereafraidofoffendingtheirneighbors
D)feltguiltyfortheircrimesinWorldWarII
34.HowdoesGunterGrassrevivethememoryoftheWilhelmGustlofftragedy?
(D)
A)Bydescribingtheship'ssinkingingreatdetail.
B)BygivinganinterviewtotheweeklyDieWoche.
C)Bypresentingthehorriblesceneofthetorpedoattack.
D)Bydepictingthesurvivalofayoungpregnantwoman.
35.ItcanbelearnedfromthepassagethatGermansnolongerthinkthat____(C)____.
A)theWilhelmGustlofftragedyisareasonablepricetopayforthenation'spastmisdeeds
B)GermanyisresponsibleforthehorriblecrimesitcommittedinWorldWarII
C)theywillbemisunderstoodiftheytalkabouttheWilhelmGustlofftragedy
D)it-iswrongtoequatetheirsufferingswiththoseofothercountries
)TherearepeopleinItalywhocan'tstandsoccer.NotallCanadianslovehockey.Asimilarsituationexists
inAmerica,wheretherearethoseindividualsyoumaybeoneofthemwhoyawnorevenfrownwhen
somebodymentionsbaseball.『Baseballtothemmeansboringhourswatchinggrownmeninfunnytight
outfitsstandingaroundinafieldstaringawaywhileverylittleofanythinghappens.』①Theytellyouit's
agamebettersuitedtothe19thcentury,slow,quiet,gentlemanly.Thesearethesamepeopleyoumaybe
oneofthemwholovefootballbecausethere'sthesportthatglorifies“thehit”.
Bycontrast,baseballseemsabstract,cool,silent,still.
game,however,isessentialtounderstandingit.Youwillcontemplatethegamefromonepointasa
painterdoeshissubject;youmay,ofcourse,projectyourselfintothegame.Itisinthisprojectionthatthe
gameaffordssomuchspaceandtimeforinvolvement.TheTVwon'tdoitforyou.
Take,forexample,thethirdbaseman.Yousitbehindthethirdbasedugoutandyouwatchhim
watchinghomeplate.Hislegsareapart,kneesflexed.Hisarmshangloose.Hedoesalotofthis.The
skepticstillcannotthinkofanyothersportssostill,sopassive.『Butwatchwhathappenseverytimethe
pitcherthrows:
thethirdbasemangoesuponhistoes,flexeshisarmsorbringtheglovetoapointinfront
ofhim,takesasteprightorleft,backwardorforward,perhapsheglancesacrossthefieldtocheckhis
firstbaseman'sposition.』②Supposethepitchisaball.“Nothinghappened,”yousay.“Icouldhavehad
myeyesclosed.”
Theskepticandtheinnocentmustplaythegame.Andthisinvolvementinthestandsisnomore
intellectualthanlisteningtomusicis.Watchthethirdbaseman.Smooththedirtinfrontofyouwithone
foot;smooththepocketinyourglove;watchtheeyesofthebatter,thespeedofthebat,thesoundof
horsehideonwood.Iffootballisasymphonyofmovementandtheatre,baseballischambermusic,a
spaciousinterlockingofnotes,choresandresponses.
1.Thepassageismainlyconcernedwith.
A.thedifferenttastesofpeopleforsports
B.thedifferentcharacteristicsofsports
C.theattractionoffootball
D.theattractionofbaseball
2.Thosewhodon'tlikebaseballmaycomplainthat.
A.itisonlytothetasteoftheold
B.itinvolvesfewerplayersthanfootball
C.itisnotexcitingenough
D.itispretentiousandlooksfunn
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