鳃病以外的感染性疾病解读.docx
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鳃病以外的感染性疾病解读.docx
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鳃病以外的感染性疾病解读
鳃病以外的感染性疾病
Gilldiseaseinfectiousdiseasesotherthan
白点病(Ich)
A.WhiteSpotDisease(Ich)
发病的直接原因
Thedirectcauseofmorbidity
由纤毛虫(ciliophora)类的小瓜虫(Ichthyophthiriasis)寄生于鱼体表及鳃内引起.成虫大小0.5mm左右,呈圆形或椭圆形,周身被覆微小的细毛,称为纤毛.成虫从鱼体脱离后,在叫做包囊的牢固粘膜中不断进行细胞分裂,24小时内生出无数的幼虫.然后幼虫再次返回鱼体寄生,如此循环往复.该病在温度条件适合,水质不佳时就会发生.
Byciliates(ciliophora)categoryIchthyophthiriusmultifiliis(Ichthyophthiriasis)parasiticonthegillsoffishformandcouldpose.Adultsizeof0.5mmorso,wereroundoroval-shaped,wholebodyliningtinyfinehairs,calledcilia.Adultsfromthefishoutafterthefirmcalledthecystmucosacontinuouscelldivision,within24hoursofbirthtonumerouslarvae.Thenagain,returntothefishlarvaeparasitism,soonadinfinitum.Diseaseinthetemperatureconditionsaresuitable,occurwhenthewaterqualityispoor.
症状
Symptoms
初期症状为鳍尖部出现小白点.随着病情的发展,白点向全身蔓延,就像撒上了一层白芝麻.病情严重时,整个体表都被白点覆盖,发展到鳃部时,鱼会因呼吸困难而死亡.
治疗药与治疗方法
Initialsymptomsappearassmallwhitespotsfintip.Asthediseaseprogresses,whitespotsspreadtothebody,likesprinklealayerofwhitesesameseeds.Seriouslyill,theentirebodysurfacewerecoveredbywhitespots,developingintothegills,thefishwilldieduetobreathingdifficulties.
Treatmentofdrugandtreatmentmethods
有效的市售药品有GreenFClear(5)(有效成分为二氧化氯(chlorinedioxide)),HaitoropikaruT0014(8),亚甲基蓝等,换水之后按照规定的用法和用量进行药浴.治疗白点病(Ich)要针对刚离开鱼体还未形成包囊的成虫和幼虫才有效果.包囊形成后,由于有粘膜的保护,药物会变得无效,必须在这之前进行驱虫.另外,白点虫生活的温度上限为25℃左右,如果在发病初期,可在换水后将水温调高至30℃进行治疗.病情严重时治疗较困难,早期治疗十分重要.
AndeffectivedrugsarecommerciallyavailableGreenFClear(5)(theactiveingredientischlorinedioxide(chlorinedioxide)),HaitoropikaruT0014(8),methyleneblueandsoon,afterchangingthewaterusageandtheamountinaccordancewithregulationsfordipping.Treatmentofwhitespotdisease(Ich)hasjustleftthefishtobetargetedhasnotyetformedcystsinadultsandlarvaebeforethereareresults.Aftertheformationofcysts,becauseoftheprotectionofmucosa,drugswillbecomeineffective,dewormingmustbedonebeforehand.Inaddition,thewhitepointtemperatureofinsectlifeinamaximumof25℃orso,ifintheearlystages,youcanchangethewatertemperaturewillberaisedto30℃treatment.
Seriouslyillintreatmentmoredifficult,earlytreatmentisimportant.
全身感染白点病(Ich)的金鱼和白点虫
Systemicinfectioninwhitespotdisease(Ich)ofthegoldfish,andwhitespotsinsects
水霉病(Saprolegniasis)
B.saprolegniasis(Saprolegniasis)
发病的直接原因
Thedirectcauseofmorbidity
由水霉(watermolds),绵霉(achlya),丝囊霉(Aphanomyces)等(水霉科Saprolegniaceae)的丝状菌(moldfungi)寄生引起.菌丝的集合体称为菌丝体,它像树木扎根一样侵入病鱼体内,吸取养分,破坏渗透压调节机能,致鱼死亡.不过,即使饲养水中有水霉孢子,只要水质和鱼的健康状况良好就不会致病.
BySaprolegnia(watermolds),Achlya(achlya),Aphanomyces(Aphanomyces),etc.(SaprolegniaSectionSaprolegniaceae)offilamentousbacteria(moldfungi)parasiticcause.Acollectionofhyphaeiscalledmycelium,which,liketreerootspenetratedsickfish,likethebodyabsorbnutrients,osmoticpressurecontrolmechanismmaybedamagedandcausefishtodie.However,evenifthereiswaterfeedinginthewatermoldspores,solongaswaterqualityandfishingoodhealth,notillness.
症状
Symptoms
鱼身上附着有絮状的水霉.寄生部位多为外伤口以及穿孔病(shot-holedisease),烂尾病(tail-rotdisease)的患部.随着时间的推移,感染面积逐渐扩大,病情严重时,患部周围严重充血,其状惨不忍睹.
Fishinthewatermoldattachedtoafloc.Parasitic,mostlyoutsidethewoundareaandshothole(shot-holedisease),failuretocompleteadisease(tail-rotdisease)oftheaffectedpart.Overtime,infectionareaisgraduallyexpanded,hisconditionserious,seriouscongestionaroundtheaffectedpartofitspainfultobehold.
治疗药与治疗方法
Treatmentofdrugandtreatmentmethods
要治疗水霉病(Saprolegniasis),就要清除水中的游动孢子.使用GreenF
(1)(有效成分为依沙吖啶(Ethacridine),亚甲基蓝,氯化钠和盐酸氯己定),TropicalGold(有效成分为依沙吖啶,敌百虫,亚甲基蓝,碳酸氢钠和氯化钠),亚甲基蓝等消毒药物较为有效.换水后按规定剂量投入上述药物进行药浴.对于病情较严重的个体,可用小镊子除去菌丝体,再用Isodine(碘伏)等涂搽患部.另外还可使用0.5%盐水浴辅助调节渗透压
.Totreatsaprolegniasis(Saprolegniasis),isnecessarytoclearthewaterfromswimmingspores.TheuseofGreenF
(1)(theactiveingredientfortheethacridine(Ethacridine),methyleneblue,sodiumchlorideandhydrochloricacidchlorhexidine),TropicalGold(theactiveingredientfortheethacridine,trichlorfon,methyleneblue,sodiumbicarbonateandsodiumchloride),methyleneblueandotherdrugsaremoreeffectivedisinfection.Changethewateraftertherequireddoseofdippingintotheabove-mentioneddrugs.Forthemoreseriousindividual,andcanbeusedtweezerstoremovemycelium,andthenIsodine(povidone-iodine),etc.applicationmaybecutout.Itmayalsosupporttheuseof0.5%salinebathosmoticadjustment.
累枝虫病(Epistylisdisease)(钟形虫病Vorticella.disease)
C.Epistylisechinococcosis(Epistylisdisease)(bell-shapedsisVorticella.disease)
发病的直接原因
Thedirectcauseofmorbidity
累枝虫是一种原生动物,寄生于病鱼的体表和鳍导致发病.从入梅至初夏的这段时间,水温开始上升,这时鱼身上如果出现比白点虫略大的粘性白点,就说明感染了钟形虫.钟形虫长有一独特的长柄状器官,通过它附着在鱼身上,柄的一端连着虫体.钟形虫通过纤毛捕食水中微生物,虫
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