国际象棋规则英文版.docx

国际象棋规则英文版.docx

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国际象棋规则英文版

国际象棋规则英文版（2008年）

LawsofChess

FIDELawsofChesscoverover-the-boardplay.

TheEnglishtextistheauthenticversionoftheLawsofChess,whichwasadoptedatthe79thFIDECongressatDresden（Germany）,November2008,comingintoforceon1July2009.IntheseLawsthewords„he‟,„him‟and„his‟include„she‟and„her‟.

Preface

TheLawsofChesscannotcoverallpossiblesituationsthatmayariseduringagame,norcantheyregulatealladministrativequestions.WherecasesarenotpreciselyregulatedbyanArticleoftheLaws,itshouldbepossibletoreachacorrectdecisionbystudyinganalogoussituationswhicharediscussedintheLaws.TheLawsassumethatarbitershavethenecessarycompetence,soundjudgementandabsoluteobjectivity.Toodetailedarulemightdeprivethearbiterofhisfreedomofjudgementandthuspreventhimfromfindingthesolutiontoaproblemdictatedbyfairness,logicandspecialfactors.

FIDEappealstoallchessplayersandfederationstoacceptthisview.

Amemberfederationisfreetointroducemoredetailedrulesprovidedthey:

a.donotconflictinanywaywiththeofficialFIDELawsofChess,and

b.arelimitedtotheterritoryofthefederationconcerned,and

c.arenotvalidforanyFIDEmatch,championshiporqualifyingevent,orforaFIDEtitleor

ratingtournament.

BASICRULESOFPLAY

Article1:

Thenatureandobjectivesofthegameofchess

1.1Thegameofchessisplayedbetweentwoopponentswhomovetheirpiecesalternately

onasquareboardcalleda„chessboard‟.Theplayerwiththewhitepiecescommences

thegame.Aplayerissaidto„havethemove‟,whenhisopponent‟smovehasbeen

„made‟.（SeeArticle6.7）

1.2Theobjectiveofeachplayeristoplacetheopponent‟sking„underattack‟insuchaway

thattheopponenthasnolegalmove.Theplayerwhoachievesthisgoalissaidtohave

„checkmated‟theopponent‟skingandtohavewonthegame.Leavingone‟sownking

underattack,exposingone‟sownkingtoattackandalso‟capturing‟theopponent‟skingarenotallowed.Theopponentwhosekinghasbeencheckmatedhaslostthe

game.

1.3Ifthepositionissuchthatneitherplayercanpossiblycheckmate,thegameisdrawn.

Article2:

Theinitialpositionofthepiecesonthechessboard

2.1Thechessboardiscomposedofan8x8gridof64equalsquaresalternatelylight（the

„white‟squares）anddark（the„black‟squares）.

Thechessboardisplacedbetweentheplayersinsuchawaythatthenearcornersquaretotherightoftheplayeriswhite.

2.2Atthebeginningofthegameoneplayerhas16light-colouredpieces（the„white‟pieces）;theotherhas16dark-colouredpieces（the„black‟pieces）.

Thesepiecesareasfollows:

Awhiteking,usuallyindicatedbythesymbol

Awhitequeen,usuallyindicatedbythesymbol

Twowhiterooks,usuallyindicatedbythesymbol

Twowhitebishops,usuallyindicatedbythesymbol

Twowhiteknights,usuallyindicatedbythesymbol

Eightwhitepawns,usuallyindicatedbythesymbol

Ablackking,usuallyindicatedbythesymbol

Ablackqueen,usuallyindicatedbythesymbol

Twoblackrooks,usuallyindicatedbythesymbol

Twoblackbishops,usuallyindicatedbythesymbol

Twoblackknights,usuallyindicatedbythesymbol

Eightblackpawns,usuallyindicatedbythesymbol

2.3Theinitialpositionofthepiecesonthechessboardisasfollows:

2.4Theeightverticalcolumnsofsquaresarecalled„files‟.Theeighthorizontalrowsof

squaresarecalled„ranks‟.Astraightlineofsquaresofthesamecolour,runningfromone

edgeoftheboardtoanadjacentedge,iscalleda„diagonal‟.

Article3:

Themovesofthepieces

3.1Itisnotpermittedtomoveapiecetoasquareoccupiedbyapieceofthesamecolour.

Ifapiecemovestoasquareoccupiedbyanopponent‟spiecethelatteriscapturedand

removedfromthechessboardaspartofthesamemove.Apieceissaidtoattackan

opponent‟spieceifthepiececouldmakeacaptureonthatsquareaccordingtothe

Articles3.2to3.8.

Apieceisconsideredtoattackasquare,evenifsuchapieceisconstrainedfrommoving

tothatsquarebecauseitwouldthenleaveorplacethekingofitsowncolourunder

attack.

3.2Thebishopmaymovetoanysquarealongadiagonalonwhichitstands.

Therookmaymovetoanysquarealongthefileortherankonwhichitstands.3.3

3.4Thequeenmaymovetoanysquarealongthefile,therankoradiagonalonwhichit

stands.

3.5Whenmakingthesemovesthebishop,rookorqueenmaynotmoveoverany

interveningpieces.

3.6Theknightmaymovetooneofthesquaresnearesttothatonwhichitstandsbutnot

onthesamerank,fileordiagonal.

3.7a.Thepawnmaymoveforwardtotheunoccupiedsquareimmediatelyinfrontofitonthesamefile,or

b.onitsfirstmovethepawnmaymoveasin3.7.aoralternativelyitmayadvance

twosquaresalongthesamefileprovidedbothsquaresareunoccupied,or

c.thepawnmaymovetoasquareoccupiedbyanopponent‟spiece,whichis

diagonallyinfrontofitonanadjacentfile,capturingthatpiece.

d.Apawnattackingasquarecrossedbyanopponent‟spawnwhichhasadvanced

twosquaresinonemovefromitsoriginalsquaremaycapturethisopponent‟s

pawnasthoughthelatterhadbeenmovedonlyonesquare.Thiscaptureis

onlylegalonthemovefollowingthisadvanceandiscalledan„enpassant‟

capture.

e.Whenapawnreachestherankfurthestfromitsstartingpositionitmustbeexchangedaspartofthesamemoveonthesamesquareforanewqueen,rook,bishoporknightofthesamecolour.Theplayer‟schoiceisnotrestrictedtopiecesthathave

beencapturedpreviously.Thisexchangeofapawnforanotherpieceiscalled„promotion‟andtheeffectofthenewpieceisimmediate.

3.8a.Therearetwodifferentwaysofmovingtheking:

bymovingtoanyadjoiningsquarenotattackedbyoneormoreoftheopponent‟spieces

orby„castling‟.Thisisamoveofthekingandeitherrookofthesamecolouralongtheplayer‟sfirstrank,countingasasinglemoveofthekingandexecutedasfollows:

thekingistransferredfromitsoriginalsquaretwosquarestowardstherookonitsoriginalsquare,thenthatrookistransferredtothesquarethekinghasjustcrossed.

b.

（1）Therighttocastlehasbeenlost:

a.ifthekinghasalreadymoved,or

b.witharookthathasalreadymoved.

（2）Castlingispreventedtemporarily:

c.ifthesquareonwhichthekingstands,orthesquarewhichitmustcross,

orthesquarewhichitistooccupy,isattackedbyoneormoreofthe

opponent'spieces,or

d.ifthereisanypiecebetweenthekingandtherookwithwhichcastlingistobeeffected.

3.9Thekingissaidtobe'incheck'ifitisattackedbyoneormoreoftheopponent'spieces,evenifsuchpiecesareconstrainedfrommovingtothatsquarebecausetheywouldthenleaveorplacetheirownkingincheck.Nopiececanbemovedthatwilleither

exposethekingofthesamecolourtocheckorleavethatkingincheck.

Article4:

Theactofmovingthepieces

4.1Eachmovemustbemadewithonehandonly.

4.2Providedthathefirstexpresseshisintention（forexamplebysaying,j‟adoube“or“I

adjust”）,theplayerhavingthemovemayadjustoneormorepiecesontheirsquares.

4.3ExceptasprovidedinArticle4.2,iftheplayerhavingthemovedeliberatelytouchesonthe

chessboard:

a.oneormoreofhisownpieces,hemustmovethefirstpiecetouchedwhichcanbe

moved

b.oneormoreofhisopponent‟spieces,hemustcapturethefirstpiecetouchedwhich

canbecaptured

c.onepieceofeachcolour,hemustcapturetheopponent‟spiecewithhispieceor,if

thisisillegal,moveorcapturethefirstpiecetouchedwhichcanbemovedor

captured.Ifitisunclear,whethertheplayer‟sownpieceorhisopponent‟swas

touchedfirst,theplayer‟sownpieceshallbeconsideredtohavebeentouched

beforehisopponent‟s.

4.4Ifaplayerhavingthemove:

a.deliberatelytoucheshiskingandrookhemustcastleonthatsideifitislegaltodo

so

b.deliberatelytouchesarookandthenhiskingheisnotallowedtocastleonthatside

onthatmoveandthesituationshallbegovernedbyArticle4.3.a

c.intendingtocastle,touchesthekingorkingandrookatthesametime,butcastling

onthatsideisillegal,theplayermustmakeanotherlegalmovewithhisking（which

mayincludecastlingontheotherside）.Ifthekinghasnolegalmove,theplayeris

freetomakeanylegalmove

d.promotesapawn,thechoiceofthepieceisfinalised,whenthepiecehastouched

thesquareofpromotion.

4.5Ifnoneofthepiecestouchedcanbemovedorcaptured,theplayermaymakeanylegal

move.

4.6When,asalegalmoveorpartofalegalmove,apiecehasbeenreleasedonasquare,it

cannotbemovedtoanothersquareonthismove.Themoveisthenconsideredtohave

beenmade:

a.inthecaseofacapture,whenthecapturedpiecehasbeenremovedfromthe

chessboardandtheplayer,havingplacedhisownpieceonitsnewsquare,has

releasedthiscapturingpiecefromhishand

b.inthecaseofcastling,whentheplayer'shandhasreleasedtherookonthesquare

previouslycrossedbytheking.Whentheplayerhasreleasedthekingfromhis

hand,themoveisnotyetmade,buttheplayernolongerhastherighttomakeany

moveotherthancastlingonthatside,ifthisislegal

c.inthecaseofthepromotionofapawn,whenthepawnhasbeenremovedfromthe

chessboardandtheplayer'shandhasreleasedthenewpieceafterplacingitonthe

promotionsquare.Iftheplayerhasreleasedfromhishandthepawnthathas

reached