彝语和英语的语音对比doc.docx
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彝语和英语的语音对比doc.docx
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彝语和英语的语音对比doc
彝语和英语的语音对比
thephoneticcomparisonbetweentheyilanguageandenglish
abstract:
peopleinliangshanyiminorityautonomousprefecturespeaktheyilanguage,whichisacompletelydifferentlanguagefromenglish.thewriterofthispapercarriedoutaresearchtomakeacomparisonandacontrastofthetwolanguagesinphonetics,forthepurposethattheresultoftheresearchcouldnotonlyhelpyistudentstounderstandthephoneticcharacteristicsofthetwolanguagesandcleartheobstaclesinlearningenglish,butalsohelpenglishteachersinliangshandesignsomescientificteachingmethodsandimprovetheforeignlanguageteachingconditionsthere.thewriterhasbeentomiddleschoolsinpugecounty,liangshanprefect.todosomeinvestigationwithquestionnairesandmini-typemeetings,whereshediscussedthedifferencesofthephoneticsinthetwolanguagesandthedifficultiesyistudentsface,fromwhichshehasgotpreciousfirst-handmaterials.thewriterfoundthat,apartfromthedifferentphoneticsymbolsinthetwolanguages,somemoredifferencesexistintheirintonation,tuneandphoneme.asthewriterfocusesonthedifferenceofphoneticsymbols,shewilldiscussinthispaperthefollowingpoints:
1.somephoneticssymbolsintheyilanguageandenglisharethesamebothinformandpronunciation;2.somephoneticssymbolsintheyilanguageandenglisharethesameinformbutdifferentinpronunciation;3.somephoneticssymbolsintheyilanguageandenglisharedifferentinformbutthesameinpronunciation;4.apartfromvowelsandconsonants,theyilanguagehassomeinitialconsonantsandvowels;5.englishhassomediphthongs,buttheyilanguagehasn’t.finally,thewriterproposesafewconstructivesuggestionstotheenglishteachinginliangshanautonomousprefecture.
keywords:
english;theyilanguage;phonetics;comparison;constructivesuggestionsforteaching
摘要:
凉山彝族自治州的多数居民说的彝语是和英语完全不同的一门语言。
为了提高彝族学生的英语水平,提高彝族地区的英语教学质量,本文作者对彝语和英语的语音进行了对比,目的是找出两种语言在语音方面的异同,帮助彝族学生认识两种语言,扫清英语学习障碍;同时帮助彝族地区的英语教师制定出科学的教学方法,改进凉山州目前的英语教学落后状况。
本文作者到彝族地区普格县对中学生做了问卷调查,并开了小型座谈会与彝族学生面对面交流,获取了第一手资料。
作者发现,英语和彝语的语音除了可以在音标上比较异同,还可从语调、声调、音素组成入手进行阐述。
音标上存在以下差异:
1彝语和英语音标写法与发音均相同;2彝语和英语音标写法相同而发音不同;3彝语和英语音标写法不同而发音相同;4彝语语音除元音和辅音外,还存在声母和韵母;5英语语音中存在双元音,而彝语中没有。
最后,作者对彝族地区的英语教学提出了一些建设性的建议。
关键字:
英语;彝语;语音;对比;教学
ⅰ.introduction
yilanguagebelongstotheyilanguagebranchofsino-tibetanlanguagesystem,andisquitedifferentfromenglisheitherinoriginorinphoneme.formanyreasons,theenglishteachinginyiareaisbackwardcomparedtotheinteriorareaforalongtime,whichbecomesoneofthebiggestobstaclesintheprocessofyistudents’study.manytalentedanddiligentyistudentsarerefusedbymanytopuniversitiesinchinajustbecauseoftheirpoorenglish.inadditiontothereasonsofstudyenvironment,studyconditionandteachingmethod,thedifferencesofspeechorgansandspeechhabitsbetweenenglishandyilanguagearealsotheobstaclesofenglish-learningofyistudents.andalloftheseobstaclesresultininevitableinfluenceinenglishlearninginyiarea.
inordertoofferusefulinformationtotheenglishteachersandyistudentsinyiarea,theresearchteamfirstmadeanthoroughresearchoftheenglishandyilanguagephoneticsandthenpenetratethemiddleschoolsofyiarea(pugecountyofliangshanyipeopleautonomousprefecture)andcommunicatewiththeyistudentsfacetofacetoobtainthefirst-handmaterials.
throughmeansofinvestigate-questionnaireandthemini-symposium,wecommunicatedwiththelocalyistudents,acquiredthefirst-handmaterials,andfinallyfindoutthesimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweenenglishandyilanguageinphoneticsandthecommonproblemsthattheyistudentsfaceinenglish-learning.andihopetheresearchwouldhavesomehelpinimprovingtheenglishteachinginyiareaandinimprovingtheyistudents’englishability.
ⅱ.phoneticsymbolsofthetwolanguages
englishcontains26phoneticsymbols,ofallthesephoneticsymbols,thereare5vowelsand21consonants.everyphoneticsymbolhasoneormorethanonesound.thus,englishtotallyhas44phonemes,iftake[ts],[dz],[tr],[dr]intoconsideration,thenthereare48phonemesinenglish.thewrittenformofphonemeisphonemicalphabet,thatisphonemicsymbol.onephonemicalphabetstandsforonephoneme.englishtotallycontains12monophthongs,8diphthongs,and24consonants.
onthecontrary,yilanguageisasyllablecharacterlanguage,thatistosay,onecharacterstandsforonesyllableinyilanguage.yilanguagetotallyhas10vowelsand43consonants.thecomparisonbetweenthetwolanguagesisasfollowing.
vowel
consonant
english
monophthong
diphthong
stops[p][t][k][b][d][g]
fricatives[f][][s][][h]
[v][][z][]
affricates[][]
liquids[l][r]
nasals[m][n][]
glides[w][j]
frontvowels
[i:
][i][e][]
centralvowels
[][][]
backvowels
[][][][][]
[ei][][ai][au]
[][][][]
yilanguage
[ie][i][a][uo][o]
[e][u][ur][y][yr]
bilabial[b][bb][nb][p][hm][m]
labio-dental[f][v]
glottal[hx]
frontapicalsound[z][c][zz][nz][s][ss]
centralapicalsound[d][t][dd][nd][hn][n][hl][l]
backapicalsound[zh][ch][rr][nr][sh][r]
velar[g][k][gg][mg][ng][h][w]
palatal[j][q][jj][nj][ny][x][y]
accordingtotheanalysisofthematerialsthatwecollected,wecanknowthattherearemanyphoneticsimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweenenglishandyilanguage,mainlyprominentasfollowing:
ⅰ.thephoneticsymbolsthathavesimilarwrittenformandpronunciationinthetwolanguages
phoneticsymbols
yilanguage
english
i
iqi(head)idix(clothes)
sitmiss
p
pbbo(flag)polix(barn)
portpay
n
nekop(mile)neddu(cushion)
notnice
f
taxkefo(altar)futma(six)
finefail
v
vosy(snow)voco(human)
savevote
t
tekop(time)tebbo(pineapple)
toetop
l
lezhyp(rope)leho(corral)
lifelong
k
keddiho(northwest)kebbo(ratify)
keykill
h
hevat(pot)hexjjy(fine)
hathave
s
syke(cucumber)saxle(cotton)
sipseal
r
ryyi(hut)roxjy(economize)
redraw
ⅱ.thephoneticsymbolsthathavesamewrittenformbutdifferentpronunciationinthetwolanguages
phonetic
symbols
yilanguage
english
e
sheddu(iorn)ne(you)
beddead
b
bosimv(protection)bowzhyw(strong)
backbad
d
bvdex(praise)depshe(welcome)
daddark
g
geapmop(great)getlv(technology)
gamegreat
w
wega(effort)wejjip(victory)
whatwhy
z
zyly(bell)zytmop(hoe)
zipzone
j
jibbv(aside)jipxi(relatives)
yetyellow
ⅲ.thephoneticsymbolsthathavethesamepronunciationbutdifferentwrittenforminthetwolanguages
yilanguage
phoneticsymbols
examples
englishphonetic
symbols
examples
y
jjossy(forever)
i:
eat
ie
ieqip(duckegg)
e
dead
o
obbu(smart)
sort
uo
uoma(head)
fox
u
wu(intestines)
u
book
e
ssheddu(iron)
about
bb
bborrox(delegate)
b
back
gg
ggeddu(information)
g
game
x
tatxi(should)
mission
ⅲ.theotherdifferencesbetweenthetwolanguages
yilanguageandenglishbelongtototallydifferentlanguagesystems,yilanguagebelongstosino-tibetanlanguagesystem,whileenglishbelongstoindo-europeanlanguagesystem.so,wecancomparethephoneticdifferencesnotonlyinphoneticsymbols,butalsointone,intonation,formationofpronunciation,diphthong,consonantandvowels.
ⅰ.thetoneofyilanguage
tonesarepitchvariations,whicharecausedbythedifferingratesofvibrationofthevocalcords.pitchvariationcandistinguishmeaningjustlikephonemes;therefore,thetoneisasuprasegmentalfeature.themeaning-distinctivefunctionofthetoneisespeciallyimportantinwhatwecalltonelanguages.englishisnotatonelanguage.yilanguage,however,isatypicaltonelanguage.ithasfourtones.andtheroleofthetonecanbewellillustratedbypronouncingthesamesoundcombinationsuchas‘o’inthefourdifferenttones.
ot(under)ox(havedone)o(kidney)op(goose)
inyilanguage,asyllablecanbepronouncedindifferentways,thusresultindifferentmeanings.thisisthedefinitionoftoneinyilanguagewhichcandistinguishdifferentmeaningsthroughdifferentpronunciation.
theyilanguageinliangshan,asyllablestandsforacharacter,andacharacterconsistsofconsonant,vowel,andtone.
inadditiontodistinguishthemeaningofword,thetonealsohasgrammaticalfunction.forexample:
xit(bite)ngashep(ilookfor)ngamoox(ihaveseen)
xix(what)ngashex(lookforme)nagxmoox(haveseenme)
liangshanyilanguagehasfourtones,thatis.
ⅱ.theintonationofenglish
whenpitch,stresssoundlengtharetiedtothesentenceratherthanthewordinisolation,theyarecollectivelyknownasintonation.intonationplaysanimportantroleintheconveyanceofmeaninginalmosteverylanguage,especiallyinalanguagelikeenglish.englishhasfourbasictypesofintonation,knownasthefourtones:
thefallingtone,therisingtone,thefall-risetone,andtherise-falltone.themostfrequentlyusedarethefirstthree.whenspokenindifferenttones,thesamesequenceofwordsmayhavedifferentmeanings.generallyspeaking,thefallingtoneindicatesthatwhatissaidisastraight-forward,matter-of-factstatement,therisingtoneoftenmakesaquestionofwhatissaid,andthefall-risetoneoftenindicatesthatthereisanimpliedmessageinwhatissaid.comparethefollowingthreedifferentwaysofsayingthesamesentence:
1.‘that’s‘notthe‘bookhe‘wants.
2.‘that’s‘notthe‘bookhe,wants.
3.‘that’s,notthebookhe,wants.
spokeninthefalling-tone,version1simplystatesafact,i.e.,thebookinquestionisnottheonehewants.v
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