Unit 3 气象导航完整翻译.docx
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Unit 3 气象导航完整翻译.docx
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Unit3气象导航完整翻译
第二节海上气象报告与气象导航
天气预报常见术语(中英文对照)
风、沙
calm无风
breeze微风
moderatebreeze和风
gale强风,风暴
squall狂风(伴有雨、雪)
achillingwind寒风
hurricane飓风
cyclone旋风,气旋
typhoon台风
whirlwind龙卷风
agustofwind阵风
aconstantwind风向稳定的风
afairwind顺风
acontrarywind逆风
sandstorm沙暴
duststorm尘暴雨
drizzle毛毛雨
thundershower雷阵雨
shower阵雨
rainstorm暴风雨
lightrainshower小阵雨
heavyshower强阵雨
isolatedshower局部阵雨
scatteredshower零星阵雨
cloud-burst大暴雨
pouringrain倾盆大雨
freezingrain冻雨
thunder雷
lightning闪电
raindrop雨点,雨滴
rainfall降雨量雪
snowshower阵雪
heavysnow大雪
lightsnow,flurry小雪
sleet雨夹雪
blizzard大风雪
snowstorm暴风雪
snowflake雪花
snowdrift雪堆
snowfall降雪量雾、霜
fog雾
mist薄雾
freezingfog冻雾
hail冰雹
dew露
frost霜气候
mountainclimate高山气候
desertclimate沙漠气候
monsoonclimate季风气候
plateauclimate高原气候
continentalclimate大陆气候
littoralclimate海滨气候
maritimeclimate海洋气候
forestclimate森林气候
一些天气预报的标准术语(中英对翻译)
阴天有阵雨和轻雾overcastwithshowersandmist
多云有轻雾cloudywithmist
阵雨showers
阴天有短时阵雨overcastwithshowers
多云cloudy
中阵雨moderaterain
0871.___A___LOWELYSLWLYWITHCOLDFRONTFMCENTO12N179WANDWARMFROMFMCENTO11N171W.
()低压缓慢东移,带有冷锋(从中心至12N179W)及暖锋(从中心至11N171W)
A.SHLW(shallow)浅薄B.SCTD(scattered)C.OBS(obscure)D.SW
0872.____B__movingratherquicklyeastexpected150milessouthofCapeFarewell972by160000GMT.[22]
(正在形成的低压)东移速度较快,预计160000GMT中心气压972毫巴,将抵达CapeFarewell以南约150海里处
A.DevelopedlowB.DevelopinglowC.BeingdevelopedlowD.Lowtobedeveloped
0873.___C___rainmeansitrainsinsomepartsofthearea.
在某区域的部分地区下雨,这种雨叫什么雨()
A.Squally狂风B.Isolated局部C.Scattered零星D.Occasional偶尔
0874.Alocalwindwhichoccursduringthedaytimeandiscausedbythedifferentratesofwarmingoflandandwaterisa__D____.
由于水、陆之间的温差形成的地方性的风,多发生在白天,这种风叫()
A.Foehn[fen]焚风B.Chinook奇努克风(北美洲落基山东坡)C.Landbreeze陆风
D.Seabreeze海风
0875.Amicrobarographisaprecisioninstrumentthatprovidesa__B____.[142]
微(气)压计是一种提供()的精密仪器
A.chartedrecordofatmospherictemperatureovertime以曲线图形式表现的不同时间的大气温度
B.chartedrecordofatmosphericpressureovertime以曲线图形式表现的不同时间的大气压力
C.graphicrecordofcombustiblegasesmeasuredinanatmosphere
以图表形式表现的大气中的可燃气体(浓度)
D.graphicrecordofvaporpressurefromaflammable/combustibleliquid
以图表形式表现的可燃液体的蒸汽压力
0876.Atropicalstormisbuildingstrengthsomedistancefromyourship.Wavesarecomingfromtheeast,withperiodsincreasingfrom5secondsto15seconds.Theswellisfromtheeast.Wherewasthestormwhenthesenewswellsweregenerated____C____.[225]
你船远方某处有一个热带风暴正在加强,海浪从东来,周期由5秒增加到15秒。
涌浪也从东来。
当这些涌浪形成时,你认为风暴中心在哪()
A.Tothenorthofyou你船北面B.Tothesouthofyou你船南面
C.Totheeastofyou你船东面D.Tothewestofyou你船西面
0877.Atypeofprecipitationthatoccursonlyinthunderstorms(雷暴雨)withstrongconvectioncurrentsthatconveyraindropsaboveandbelowthefreezinglevelisknownas____B__.[231]
在有强对流天气中,只发生在下雷暴雨时,雨水温度接近冰点,这种降水形式叫()
A.Sleet雨夹雪B.Hail冰雹C.Freezingrain冻雨D.Rime霜;雾淞
0878.Aweatherforecaststatesthatthewindwillcommencebacking.IntheNorthernHemisphere,thiswouldindicatethatitwill___B___.[273]
气象预报说风向将开始backing(逆时针变向),在北半球时,这表明风向将()
A.Shiftinaclockwisemanner顺时针变向
B.Shiftinacounterclockwisemanner逆时针变向
C.Continueblowingfromthesamedirection原风向不变
D.Decreaseinvelocity风速减弱
0879.AWINDBLOWSROUNDANTICLOCKWISEdefines__A____.
风向沿逆时针方向变化,叫做()
A.Backing(ofwind)逆时针变向B.Beach(to)冲滩
C.Veering(ofwind)顺时针变向
D.Maintainingdirectionofthewind保持不变
0880.Afteracoldfrontpasses,thebarometricpressure__C____.
冷锋过境后,气压()
A.Drops,andthetemperaturedrops下降,温度下降
B.Drops,andthetemperaturerises下降,温度升高
C.Rises,andthetemperaturedrops升高,温度下降
D.Rises,andthetemperaturerises升高,温度升高
0881.Anticyclonesareusuallycharacterizedby___A___.[373]
反气旋一般有()特征
A.dry,fairweather干燥,晴朗B.highwindsandcloudiness大风,多云
C.gustinessandcontinuousprecipitation阵风,持续降雨
D.overcastskies阴天
0882.Asthetemperatureforagivenmassofairincreases,the___D___.[389]
当某一特定的气团温度上升时,()
A.Dewpointincreases露点上升B.Dewpointdecreases露点下降
C.Relativehumidityincreases相对湿度上升(空气中水汽压与饱和水汽压的百分比)
D.Relativehumiditydecreases相对湿度下降
0883.BASHI:
ETOSE9-10.500MINHVYSQUALLYSHWRSANDTS.SEA8-9M.SWELLSE6-7M.Fromtheaboveforecast,thewindinBeaufortScalewillbe__A____.[406]
巴士海峡:
东到东南风9-10级,大暴雨和遇热带风暴时能见度500米;海浪高8-9米,涌浪向东南,高6-7米。
从以上的天气预报中可知,风力的蒲氏风级是()
A.STRONGGALETOSTORM烈风到狂风(9-10级)
B.GALETOSTRONGGALE狂风到暴风(10-11级)
C.NEARGALETOGALE疾风到大风(7-8级)
D.STRONGBREEZETONEARGALE强风到疾风(6-7级)
蒲福氏风级表
风力等级 WindSpeed Team EffectsObservedatSea
(Knot) M/S
0无级风 Lessthan1 0-0.2 Calm Sealikeamirror.
1 软风 1-3 0.3-1.5 LightAir Rippleswiththeappearanceofscalesareformed,butwithoutfoamcrests
2轻风 4-6 1.6-3.3 Lightbreeze Smallwavelets,stillshortbutmorepronounced,crestshaveaglassyappearanceanddonotbreak.
3微风 7-10 3.4-5.4 GentleBreeze Largewaveletscrestsbegintobreak,foamofglassyappearance;perhapsscatteredwhitehorses.
4 和风 11-16 5.5-7.9 ModerateBreeze Smallwaves,becominglonger;fairlyfrequentwhitehorses.
5 清劲风 17-21 8.0-10.7 FreshBreeze Moderatewaves,takingamorepronouncedlongform;manywhitehorsesareformed.(Chanceofsomespray)
6 强风 22-27 10.8-13.8 StrongBreeze Largewaves,begintoform;thewhitefoamcrestsaremoreextensiveeverywhere(Probablysomespray)
7 疾风 28-33 13.9-17.1 NearGale Seaheapsupandwhitefoamfrombreakingwavesbeginstobeblowninstreaksalongthedirectionofthewind.
8 大风 34-40 17.2-20.7 Gale Moderatelyhighwavesofgreaterlength;edgesofcrestsbegintobreakintospindrift.Thefoamisblowninwell–markedstreaksalongthedirectionofthewind
9 烈风 41-47 20.8-24.4 StrongGale Highwaves.Densestreaksoffoamalongthedirectionofthewind.Crestsofwavesbegintotopple,tumbleandrollover.Spraymayaffectvisibility
10 狂风 48-55 24.5-28.4 Storm Veryhighwaveswithlongoverhangingcrests.Theresultingfoamingreatpatchesisblownindensewhitestreaksalongthe
11 暴风 56-63 28.5-32.5 ViolentStorm Exceptionallyhighwave.(Smallandmedium-sizedshipsmightbeforatimelosttoviewbehindthewaves.)Theseaiscompletelycoveredwithlongwhitepatchesoffoamlyingalongthedirectionofthewind.Everywheretheedgesofthewavescrestsareblownintofroth.Visibilityaffected.
12 飓风 64andover 32.6andover Hurricane Theairisfilledwithfoamandspray.Seacompletelywhitewithdrivingspray;visibilityveryseriouslyaffected.
0884.CAPEWESTWINDWESTTOSOUTHWEST15TO20KNOTSWEATHERSHOWERS.Thisdescriptionislikelytobeundertheheadingof___A___.[443]
海角南部:
风向西到西南,风速15至20节,阵雨。
这段话一般出现在()里
A.FORECAST天气预报B.STORMWARNINGSTMWNG狂风(10级)警报
C.GENERALSITUATION天气大势D.MAPANALYSIS地图分析
0885.Duringthevoyageheencounteredboisterouswindsandheavyweatherduringwhichtimethevessel__B____heavilyandtosuchanextentthatattimesitwasnecessarytochangecourse.
航行途中,我船遇到极强的风,天气恶劣,船舶(艰难前进),不得不经常改变航向
A.MovedB.LaboredC.DroveD.Went
0886.Duringthevoyagemyship___C___badweatherinthePacificOcean.
航行途中,我船在太平洋(遭遇到)恶劣天气
A.meetswithB.hasmetwithC.metwithD.meetedwith
0887.Especiallyinadverseweather,riskofcollisionwithanoffshoresupplyvesselincreaseswhenthevesselismooredtowhatsideoftheunit____A____.[510]
特别是在恶劣天气情况下,你船靠在沿海供应船的哪一舷易与该船发生碰撞()
A.Upwind上风舷B.Downwind下风舷C.Crosswind侧风舷D.Downcurrent下游
0888.Foranaccuratebarometercheck,youwould___D___.[541]
要检查气压计的精确度,你应()
A.Checkitwithabarometeronanothervessel与另一船的气压计相比较
B.Takereadingsfromseveralbarometersandaveragethem从几个不同的气压计读取气压,取平均值
C.Checkitwiththebarometerattheshipchandlery与船舶供应商的气压计相比较
D.CheckitagainstradioorNationalWeatherServicereportsoftheimmediatevicinity
与无线电台站或气象台提供的船舶位置附近的气象报告相比较
0889.HIGHWAVES;DENSESTREAKSOFFOAMALONGTHEDIRECTIONOFTHEWIND;CRESTSOFWAVESBEGINTOTOPPLE,TUMBLEANDROLLOVER;SPRAYMAYAFFECTVISIBILITY.Thisconditionislikelytobetermed____D__.[585]、
高浪,顺风向被风吹成浓密的泡沫。
峰顶开始破碎,飞沫可能影响能见度。
这种情况可能是()
A.Strongbreeze7级风B.Neargale8级风C.Gale9级风D.Stronggale10级风
0890.IfthecenteroflowpressureisduewestofyouintheNorthernHemisphere,whichwinddirectionshouldyouexpect____B____.[638]
在北半球,低压中心在你船西面,预计风向是()
A.Southtowest南偏西B.Southtoeast南偏东C.Westtonorth西偏北
D.Northtoeast北偏东
0891.Ifyourweatherbulletinshowsthecenterofalowpressureareatobe100milesdueeastofyourposition,whatwindscanyouexpectintheNorthernHemisphere____C____.[670]
如果气象报告显示低压中心在你船以东100海里处,在北半球时,你预计会遇上什么风()
A.Easttonortheast东到东北风B.Easttosoutheast东到东南风
C.Northtonorthwest北到西北风D.Southtosoutheast南到东南风
0892.INTERTROPICALCONVERGENCEZONEOVERSOUTHPHILIPPINEPASSINGOVERMINDANAONORTHERNSULUANDPALAWAN.Thisphraseislikelytobeundertheheadingof___C___.[765]
在菲律宾南部的副热带幅合带在棉兰老岛、苏禄海和巴拉旺。
这句话可能出自()
A.GALEWARNING强风警报B.24HOURSFORECAST24小时天气预报
C.SYNOPSIS大势分析D.STORMWARNING狂风(10级)警报
0893.Mechanicalliftingofairbytheupslopeslantoftheterrainiscalled___D___.[822]
空气因地形的斜坡而引起的机械抬升叫()
A.Verticallifting垂直抬升B.Convectivelifting对流抬升C.Advectivelifting平流抬升D.Topographiclifting地形抬升
0894.NORTHEASTTAIWANRYUKYUPARTLYCLOUDYSKIESWITHISOLATEDSHOWERSWINDNORTHEASTLYZEROFIVETOONEFIVEKNOTSSEAMAINLYSLIGHT.Theweatherinthisareais___B
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