田静语法64课时讲义.docx
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田静语法64课时讲义.docx
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田静语法64课时讲义
全真题演练
第一部分简单句
第一章简单句的核心
第一节简单句的核心构成
1.主谓=主语+不及物动词(vi.)
Smallerspeciessurvived.(2006,ReadingComprehension,PartAText3)
Moreapparentreasonablenessfollowed.(2014,ReadingComprehension,Part
AText1)
2.主谓宾=主语+及物动词(vt.)+宾语
Everybodylovesafatpayrise.(2005,ReadingComprehension,PartA,Text1)
Manystudentsexperiencebothvarieties.(2011,ReadingComprehension,PartB)
…veryfewwomenhave15children.(2000,ReadingComprehension,PartAText2)
Severalofhisstaffmembershavemilitary-intelligencebackgrounds.(2003,ReadingComprehension,PartAText1)
3.主谓双宾=主语+及物动词(vt.)+两个宾语(人+物)
Theygavejusticespermanentpositions...(2012,UseofEnglish)
…railroadschargedallcustomersthesameaveragerate...(2003,Reading
Comprehension,PartAText3)
4.主谓宾补=主语+及物动词(vt.)+宾语+宾语的补足语(简称宾补)
Youalwayskeepyoureyesopen...(2004,ReadingComprehension,PartAText
1)
Thespookscallit"opensourceintelligence,"...(2003,ReadingComprehension,
PartAText1)
5.主系表=主语+系动词+表语
Thisisadangerousgame...(2005,ReadingComprehension,PartA,Text2)
考研真题中常出现的系动词,总结如下:
系动词表达含义真题例句
be单独出现(无其他实义动词)“是”
Anthropologyisoneofthesocialsciences.(2003,Translation)
get/become/turn/go/grow“变得”
…theirbehaviorbecamemarkedlydifferent.(2005,ReadingComprehension,PartA,Text1)
look/sound/smell/taste/feel感官动词“看/听/闻/尝/感觉起来……”
Theylookcute.(2005,ReadingComprehension,PartA,Text1)
Andmostfolksstillfeelprettycomfortable
abouttheirability...(2004,ReadingComprehension,PartAText3)
keep/remain/seem/appear/prove
“保持着……”“似乎……”“证明出,显示出……”
Theprospectseemsremote.(2010,ReadingComprehension,PartAText1)
Nonetheless,unificationofsortsremainsamajorgoal.(2012,Translation)
真题演练:
请用下划线标出谓语动词的部分,并判断谓语动词的种类及简单句的种类。
1.…ourpresidentcallshimself‘theDecider’.(2009,ReadingComprehension,PartAText1)——主谓宾补
2.Thehumiliationcontinues.(2004,ReadingComprehension,PartAText2)——主谓
3.Thecomputeristhe21stcentury'sculturemachine.(2012,ReadingComprehension,PartB)——主系表
4.…poetryofmanykindsgavehimgreatpleasure.(2008,Translation)——主谓双宾
5.…eventheword“habit”carriesanegativeimplication.(2009,ReadingComprehension,PartAText1)——主谓宾
第二节简单句的核心变化
一、谓语动词的变化
1.谓语动词的时态
“一般”时态
一般过去时:
谓语动词=did(动词的过去式)
LastyearJapanexperienced2,125incidentsofschoolviolence...(2000,
ReadingComprehension,PartAText4)
6
…thiscitywasoneofthelargesthumansettlementsintheworld.(2014,
ReadingComprehension,PartB)
一般现在时:
谓语动词=do/does(动词的原形或第三人称单数)
Sofartheresultsareinconclusive.(2009,UseofEnglish)
Butmostlawgraduatesnevergetabig-firmjob.(2014,Reading
Comprehension,PartAText2)
Archaeologistscommonlyusecomputerstomapsitesandthelandscapes
aroundsites.(2014,ReadingComprehension,PartB)
Todayitmakesalmostnodifference.(2000,ReadingComprehension,PartA
Text2)
Pearsonalsopredictsabreakthroughincomputer-humanlinks.(2001,
Translation)
一般将来时:
谓语动词=will+do或am/is/aregoingto+do
Wewillhavealesscivilsociety.(2004,ReadingComprehension,PartAText4)
Idon’tknowifotherclientsaregoingtoabandonme,too...(2004,Reading
Comprehension,PartAText3)
…theproblemswillbedifferent.(2002,ReadingComprehension,PartAText1)
Clearly,onlythebiggestandmostflexibletelevisioncompaniesaregoingto
beabletocompeteinsucharichandhotly-contestedmarket.(2005,
Translation)
7
(一般)过去将来时:
谓语动词=would+do或was/weregoingto+do
Theygavejusticespermanentpositionssotheywouldbefreetoupsetthose
inpower...(2012,UseofEnglish)
…itsimplydidn’tforeseewhatwouldhappennext.(2012,Reading
Comprehension,PartAText2)
Forawhileitlookedasthoughthemakingofsemiconductors…wasgoingto
bethenextcasualty.(2000,ReadingComprehension,PartAText1)
“进行”时态
过去进行时:
谓语动词=was/were+doing
Hewassearchingfortinyengravedseals...(2014,ReadingComprehension,
PartB)
Withintwoweeks,hewastalkingforthefirsttimewiththeboardofHartford
FinancialServicesGroup...(2011,ReadingComprehension,PartAText2)
现在进行时:
谓语动词=am/is/are+doing
Homepricesareholdingsteadyinmostregions.(2004,Reading
Comprehension,PartAText3)
Everycatwithanowner…isrunningasmall-scalestudyinoperant
conditioning.(2009,UseofEnglish)
8
将来进行时:
谓语动词=willbe+doing(其中be动词永远用原形be)
过去将来进行时:
谓语动词=wouldbe+doing(其中be动词永远用原形be)
以上两种时态在考研真题当中,几乎不出现,建议考研的同学们不用掌握。
“完成”时态
过去完成时:
谓语动词=had+done
Hehadnevergambledbeforethecasinosenthimacouponfor$20worthof
gambling.(2006,ReadingComprehension,PartB)
Theinterviewershadratedapplicantsonascaleofonetofive.(2013,Useof
English)
…heexpressedtheopinionthatintwoorthreerespectshismindhadchanged
duringtheprecedingtwentyorthirtyyears.(2008,Translation)
RomanCatholicismhadbeenthestatereligion...(2007,UseofEnglish)
现在完成时:
谓语动词=have/has+done
Time…hasgiventhemlegitimacy.(2014,ReadingComprehension,PartAText
3)
TheethicaljudgmentsoftheSupremeCourtjusticeshavebecomean
importantissuerecently.(2012,UseofEnglish)
Forthemostpart,theresponsehasbeenfavorable...(2011,Reading
Comprehension,PartAText1)
9
Mostleadingretailershavealreadytriede-commerce,withlimitedsuccess,
andexpansionabroad.(2010,ReadingComprehension,PartB)
Familieshavealsoexperiencedchangestheseyears.(2004,UseofEnglish)
将来完成时:
谓语动词=willhave+done
…relaxationwillbeinfrontofsmell-television,anddigitalagewillhave
arrived.(2001,Translation)
“完成进行”时态
现在完成进行时:
谓语动词=have/hasbeen+doing
角度相同都表示“现在的之前”
两种时态现在完成时
have/has+done
现在完成进行时
have/hasbeen+doing
强调不同强调结果(做完与否都可以)强调过程
例句Wehavenotwonthematch.Wehavebeenworkinghardfor
severalmonths.
Thatkindofelectronicspyinghasbeengoingonfordecades.(2003,Reading
Comprehension,PartAText1)
Bankershavebeenblamingthemselvesfortheirtroublesinpublic.(2010,
ReadingComprehension,PartAText4)
10
过去完成进行时:
谓语动词=hadbeen+doing
将来完成进行时:
谓语动词=willhavebeen+doing
以上两种在考研真题中没有出现过,不用掌握。
真题演练:
请用下划线标出谓语动词的部分,并判断谓语动词的时态及时态表达的含义。
1.Areceivedoneforits“one-click”onlinepaymentsystem.(2010,
ReadingComprehension,PartAText2)
2.…insectswouldeatusupifbirdsfailedtocontrolthem.(2010,Translation)
3.Iamgoingtosuggestthatitisnottrue.(2006,Translation)
4.Wewillbecomeasecond-ratecountry.(2004,ReadingComprehension,PartA
Text4)
5.Andasignificantnumberofthehomelesshaveseriousmentaldisorders.
(2006,UseofEnglish)
6.Dr.Yehudanotesanotherdifferencebetweenthesexes.(2008,Reading
Comprehension,PartAText1)
7.Agrowingnumberofresearchersandorganisationsarenowthinking
seriouslyaboutthatquestion.(2013,ReadingComprehension,PartAText3)
8.Foreign-madecarsandtextilesweresweepingintothedomesticmarket.(2000,
ReadingComprehension,PartAText1)
11
9.By1830theformerSpanishandPortuguesecolonieshadbecome
independentnations.(2007,UseofEnglish)
10.Americans’lifeexpectancyhasnearlydoubledoverthepastcentury.(2003,
ReadingComprehension,PartAText4)
11.Thistendencyinthenaturalscienceshaslongbeenevidentinthesocial
sciencestoo.(2012,Translation)
12.…foracentury,pastconditionsoflifehavebeenconditionallyspeedingup...
(2000,ReadingComprehension,PartAText3)
2.谓语动词的情态
考研中常出现的情态动词如下:
现在时过去时
must无
canCould
willWould
shall(考研真题中不常出现)Should
mayMight
以上几个情态动词详细用法如下:
情态含义真题例句
12
动词
must“必须”…wemustalsotreadwithcaution.(2012,ReadingC
omprehension,PartB)
Scientistsmustcommunicatetheirmessagetothe
publicinacompassionate,understandableway...
(2003,ReadingComprehension,PartAText2)
can
could
“能够/可
以”
…andtherightmentalworkoutscansignificantly
improveourbasiccognitivefunctions.(2014,Useof
English)
Similarly,thephysicalactoflaughtercouldimprove
mood.(2011,UseofEnglish)
will
would
“愿意/将
要”
(表示“将要”
时常用于将来
时态)
Willyoumarryme?
Thefirstdraftwillappearonthepage...(2008,
ReadingComprehension,PartB)
Potentialhomebuyerswouldcheerforlowerinterest
rates.(2004,ReadingComprehension,PartAText3)
may
might
“可以/可
能”
…expressionsmayinfluenceemotionsratherthanjust
theotherwayaround.(2011,UseofEnglish)
Suchbodilyreactionmightconceivablyhelp
moderatetheeffectsofpsychologicalstress.(2011,
UseofEnglish)
should“应该”Americashouldfollow.(2014,ReadingComprehensi
13
on,PartAText2)
Thosesufferingfrompersistentnightmaresshould
seekhelpfromatherapist.(2005,Reading
Comprehension,PartA,Text3)
除了表示“情绪和态度”之外,每一个情态动词都能表示推测:
Thedetailsmaybeunknowable...(2010,ReadingComprehension,PartAText
4)
Suchsearchescantakeyears.(2014,ReadingComprehension,PartB)
…thislossofmentalfocuscanpotentiallyhaveadamagingimpactonour
professional,social,andpersonalwellbeing.(2014,UseofEnglish)
情态动词的用法变体:
…thepeculiarwayofconductingtheexperimentsmayhaveledtomisleading
interpretationofwhathappened.(2010,UseofEnglish)
Nowsomethingsimilarcouldbehappeningintheoceans.(2006,Reading
Comprehension,PartAText3)
真题演练:
请用下划线标出谓语动词的部分,并找到情态动词,写出含义。
1.Coulditreallybethatsimple?
(2013,ReadingComprehension,PartAText2)
14
2.Employerswouldn’tmindalittlefewerbubblesinthejobmarket.(2004,
ReadingComprehension,PartAText3)
3.Thesecanonlycomefromawell-groundedunderstandingofthele
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