任务型阅读12篇有答案.docx

任务型阅读12篇有答案.docx

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任务型阅读12篇有答案

（一）

Abackpack-carrieddigitalnosethatsniffsoutsimpleexplosivedevices（lEDs）andotherthreatspromisestoeasecheckpointdutyfortroopsstationedinhotspotsaroundtheworld.

DevelopedbyScentDetectionTechnologies（SDT）,asmallprivatelyownedcompanybasedinHeraliya,Israel,themilitarizedmininose—trademarkedMN2000-MIL—detectsandidentifiesEDs,riggedvehicles（伪装的车辆）andotherhazardsbythevaporsortracesparticles（微粒）leftonskin,machineryandpersonalbelongings.

Soontoentermassproduction,theMN2000-MILisnruggedized（强化的）versionofthefirm’sMiniNosc2000designedforusebylawenforcementandsecuritypersonnel.Itisasecond-generationversionofIhcfirm'sMN1000,whichhasbeenpurchasedbyseveralAsiancountries,includingChina,whichintroducedthesystemfortheBeijingOlympics.

Likeitsformerproducts,thesystemisbasedoncompany-patentedHigh-FrequencyQuartzCrystalMicrobalancc（HFQCM）technologythatdigitallyimitatesmammalianolfactory（嗅觉的）sensecapableoflearningtorecognizenewsubstance.

Itworkslikeasupersensitivedigitalnoseabletodetectverylownanolcvcl（纳米级）amountsofanysourcesubstance,”SDTChiefExecutiveOfficerBengalsaid.“Wethenteachittoidentifysubstancesbymatchingthemwithalibraryofthreatswe’veprogrammedintothemachine.”

Theentireanalysisprocess,Bengalsaid,takes8to26seconds,dependingonsubstances.

Unlikeothertracedetectionsystemsonthemarket,whicharebasedonradioactive-sourceIonMobilitySpectrometrytechnologySDT'sQCM-basedsystemcontainsnoradioactiveparts.

“IonMobilitySpectrometrysystemsareessentiallyradioactive,”Bengalsaid.Youneedspeciallicensingtosellthemandspeciallytrainedpersonneltoservicethem.Butwe’reusingessentiallygreentechnology.Youdon'tneedtrainedtechnicianstooperateorevenopenourmachines.”

InthetwoyearssinceSDTbeganproducingtheMN2000forthehomelandsecuritymarket,thesystemhasdemonstrateditsabilitytooperateformonthsatatimewithoutservicingortechnicalrepairs.Bengalsaidthenewmilitarymodelwillbemuchstronger,asitwasdesignedtooperateindust,heavyfogandotherwiseextremefieldconditions.

DigitalNoseSniffsoutIEDS

Introduction

●Abackpack-carrieddigitalnoseisintendedto 71  theburdenofcheckpointdutyfortroopsstationedinhotspots.

●Itcandetectoridentifytheexplosivedevicesthat 72  people’slives.

       73    

●Asecond-generationversionhasbeenputintopractical 74  inseveralcountries.

●TheHFQCMtechnologycanrecognizenewsubstancesby 75 mammalianolfactorysenses.Thesesubstances,which 76  thelengthoftheentireanalysisprocess,canbematchedwith 77  threatsprogrammedintothemachine.

●TheQCM-basedsystem 78  fromothertracedetectionsystemsinthatitcontainsnoradioactiveparts.

●Technicianscanoperateorevenopenthemachines 79  training.

Conclusion

Thenewmilitarymodelismorelikelyto  80  toseverefieldconditions

（二）

AmongthenaturalcreaturesthatcanpresentathreattopeopleinruralareasofMexico,oneofthemostproductiveisthescorpion（蝎子）.Theserelativesofspiderskilldozensofpeopleeachyearandinjurethousandsmore.However,scorpionshavebecomeapartofthelocalcultureandtradition.

IntheDurangocitymainmarket,scorpionsareinevidenceateveryturn.Therearebooks,keychainsandlampsdecoratedwithdeadscorpions.TherearescorpionimagesonT-shirtsandhatsandthereareevencandiesshapedlikescorpions.Thewholeplaceseemstobefilledwiththecrawlingcreature.

Inonecornerofthemarket,CheloGarciaevensellslivescorpions.Shesaysshehasexperiencedtwoscorpionstings（蛰）intherecentyearsandthatnothinghappened.Shesaysthatifapersonhasnosymptomsofpoisoningwith30minutesofthestinging,itislikelythatnothingbadwillresult.Shesayssomescorpionshavelittleornopoisonandsoluckplaysabigpart.

ItishardtoexplainwhypeoplecometoMs.Garcia’sstoretobuyliveones,butshedoesagoodbusiness.Sheoftenreachesdownthroughthetopoftheglasscagetocatchoneofthescorpionstoshowhercustomers.Sheholdsthembythetail,wherethebarbedstinger（刺针）islocated,sothatsheissafefromattack.

Inthecrowdedmarket,manypeoplepassbyMs.Garcia’sstoretolookatthecrawlingcreaturesandtorelatetheirownstoriesofencounterswiththescorpions.Oneoldwomansaysshenearlydiedwhenshewasagirlof18yearsoldandhasbeenafraidofscorpionseversince.Shesaidhertonguebecamenumbandherthroatbegantoswellshut,commonsymptomsofthescorpionpoison.ShesaysshesurvivedbecauseGodprotectedher.

EveryyearinMexicoabout200,000peoplearestungbyscorpions.Thenumberofannualdeathswasnearly300,till2015,butapublichealthcampaignandthewidespreadavailabilityofanti-poisonhascutthenumberofdeathstolessthan100ayear.ThestateofDurangoaloneaccountsfortenpercentofallthescorpionstingsinMexicoeachyear.

Whilethescorpionmayberegardedasdisgustingandhorriblebymanypeople,ithasalsobecomeabitofalocalmascot（吉祥物）inDurango.Peoplethereseemproudofthefactthattheircityisknownasthe“scorpioncapital”.

Scorpions:

PartofLocalCultureinMexico

Introduction

●    While（71） ▲ byscorpions,peopleinruralareasofMexicoviewthemasapartofthelocalcultureandtradition.

Themainmarketofscorpions

●   Scorpionscanbeseenalmost（72） ▲ ,rangingfrombookstoT-shirtsandhats.

●   （73） ▲ scorpionsaresoldinGarcia’sstore,whohasbeenstungbyscorpionstwiceinrecentyears.

●   Garciaoftenshowsscorpionstohercustomersbyholdingtheirtails,becausethebarbedstingeris（74） ▲ inthescorpion’stail.

Thesituation  ofscorpions’stings

●   （75） ▲ arethatifapersonfeelsnothingwrongwithin30minutesofthestinging,he/shewillsurvive.

●   Symptomsofthescorpionpoisonincludeanumbtongueanda   （76） ▲ throat.

●   Withmuchattentiontopublichealth,peoplenowhaveeasy（77） ▲ toanti-poison,sothenumberofdeathshasdecreasedalot.

People’s

（78） ▲ towardsscorpions

●   Though（79） ▲ asdisgustingandhorrible,thescorpionhasbecomeabitofalocalmascotinDurango.

●   Peopletheretake（80） ▲ inthefactthattheircityisknownasthe“scorpioncapital”.

（三）

Socialsignature

Sowhatdidthedetaileddatathatwecollectedreveal?

Thisquestionisbestansweredintermsofacharacteristicthatwedecidedtocallthe“socialsignature”ofanindividual,andinparticularbylookingathowthis“socialsignature”changedovertime.Imagineoneofourparticipantsduringthefirstsix-monthobservationwindowcallsomepeopleveryfrequently,andothersonlyoccasionally,wherethepeoplecalledarelikelytoincluderelatives,closefriends,andmoredistantacquaintances.Ifwenowputthepeoplecalledbyourparticipant,withthepersonmostfrequentlycalledinfirstposition,thesecond-mostfrequentlycalledpersoninsecondposition,andsoon,thenwecanbuildaprofile（简况）ofhowtheparticipantallocatedcallsbetweenalloftheirdifferentsocialrelationships.Thisprofileisinfactwhatwecallthe“socialsignature,”anditreflectswhatfraction（部分）ofcallsagivenparticipantplacedtothepersontheycallmost,thefractionofcallstheparticipantplacedtothepersontheycallsecond-most,rightdowntotheleastfrequentlycalledperson.Sowhatwasthe“socialsignature”abletotellus?

First,letmedescribeageneralpropertythatappliedtothe“socialsignatures”ofallparticipants.Thenumberofpeoplethatparticipantscalledfrequently,withwhomtheyhadastrongrelationship,wascomparativelysmall.Wemayhavefiveclosefriendsand20acquaintances,butweareveryunlikelytohave20closefriendsandfiveacquaintances.Ifwelookatthe“socialsignature”ingreaterdetail,wefindthatthereweredifferencesbetweendifferentparticipants,sothatoneindividualmayhavehadthreeclosefriendsandanotherseven.Thatisinfactwhywechosetheterm“signature”. 

Perhapsmostinterestingly,ifwelookedatthe“socialsignature”ofagivenparticipantoverthethreeconsecutivesix-monthobservationwindows,wefoundthatitremainedquitestable.Itisworthtakingamomenttoreflectwhythisshouldbesurprising.Thesocialworldofourparticipantswasundergoingasignificanttransition,withchangesinbothcloseandlessclosefriendships.Bytheendofourstudy,theidentityofsomeoftheclosefriendsoftheparticipantshadchanged,andsotheserelationshipswerenowwithentirelydifferentindividuals,butthefractionofthecallsparticipantsplacedtoacounterpartalmostdidn’tchange.

Howcanweunderstandthepersistenceofanindividual’s“socialsignature”?

Thekeyisthatthepatternofoursocialrelationshipsisshapedbyanumberofcriticalconstraints（限制）.

•Time:

Thefirstverygeneralandquiteinescapableconstraintisthatweonlyhavealimitedamountoftimetomaintainsocialrelationships.

•EmotionalCapital:

Thesecondconstraintreflectsthefactthatastrongsocialrelationshiprequiresconsiderableemotionalinvestment,andourstockofemotionalcapitalislimited.

•CognitiveLimitations:

Thethirdconstraintisbiologicalinnature,andreflectsthefactthattheyalsolimitthesocialrelationships. 

Canthenewsocialtechnologiesthatareaccessiblesignificantlychangethethreefactorsthatwebelieveshapethepatternsofoursocialinteractions?

Basedonthebehaviorthatweobservedforourparticipants,atthispointIwouldtendtoanswerno.

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