届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文类型模拟试题10篇训练之三十二19页word版.docx
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届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文类型模拟试题10篇训练之三十二19页word版.docx
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届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文类型模拟试题10篇训练之三十二19页word版
2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文类型模拟试题10篇训练之三十二
[一]
Foodstoringiscommoninmembersofthecrow(乌鸦)family.Anewstudytestedthebirdsoutsidethisnaturallyoccurringbehaviour,whichmayhaveevolved(进化)specificallybecauseitgivescrowsasurvivaladvantage.Somecrowspeciesareknowntonaturallyusetoolstorecoverfood.Sotheresearcherstestedwhetherthebirdscouldstoreandrecoveratoolsotheycouldgetitattheirfoodafteragapof17hours—somethingwewouldn’texpectthemtodonaturally.Buttheywereabletoinstantlyselectthetooloutofanumberofunnecessaryitems.
Inanotherexperiment,theresearcherstaughtcrowstoselectatoken(代币)fromanumberofitemssothattheycouldthenexchangeforfood.Again,thebirdsthenshowedthattheycouldplanforthefutureusingthisnewbehaviour.Thisisdifferentfromallofthepreviousstudiesinfutureplanning,whichhavefocusedonnaturallyoccurringbehaviour.Forexample,weknowthatchimpanzeesselect,transportandsaveappropriatetoolsforfutureneeds.
Thesestudieshaveshownthatanimalscanplanforthefuture—buttheyleftanimportantquestionopenfordebate.Areanimalsonlyabletoplantouseabilitiesthathaveevolvedtogivethemaspecificadvantage,orcantheyflexiblyandintelligentlyapplyplanningbehaviouracrossvariousactions?
Mostcriticswouldsaytheformer,astheanimalsweretestedinnaturallyoccurringbehaviours.
Butthenewresearchprovidesthefirstevidencethatanimalspeciescanplanforthefutureusingbehaviourthatdoesn’ttypicallyoccurinnature.Thissupportstheviewthatatleastsomerecognitiveabilitiesinanimalsdon’tevolvejustinresponsetospecificproblems.Instead,itsuggeststhatanimalscanapplythesebehavioursflexiblyacrossproblemsinasimilarwaytohumans.Weneedtoinvestigatehowflexiblebehaviourevolved.Thenwemightbeabletoseehowcrows’abilitytoplanforthefuturefitsinwiththeirbroadercognitivepowers.
1.What’sthenewfindingaboutsomecrowsaccordingtoParagraph1?
A.Theycanstorefood.
B.Theycanusetoolstorecoverfood.
C.Theycanstoreandrecovertools.
D.Theycanselectandstorefood.
2.Whatarecrowstrainedbyscientiststodowhengivenatoken?
A.Rejectitcasually.B.Exchangeitforfood.
C.Saveitastheirfood.D.Buildanestwithit.
3.Whatdoscientiststhinkofthestudiesthatanimalscanplanforthefuture?
A.Theyarecontroversial.B.Theyaredisappointing.
C.Theyarecontradictory.D.Theyareconvincing.
4.Whatcanbeinferredaboutrecognitiveabilitiesinanimals?
A.Theydeveloponlywithage.
B.Itisunclearhowthey’veevolvednow.
C.Noanimalsbutcrowsbenefitfromthem.
D.Planningforthefuturehelpstheirevolution.
1.C[细节理解题。
根据第一段最后两句可知乌鸦可以存储和找出所用的工具。
故选C。
]
2.B[细节理解题。
根据第二段第一句“Inanotherexperiment,theresearcherstaughtcrowstoselectatoken(代币)fromanumberofitemssothattheycouldthenexchangeforfood.”可知训练乌鸦用代币来交换食物。
故选B。
]
3.A[细节理解题。
根据第三段第一句“Thesestudieshaveshownthatanimalscanplanforthefuture—buttheyleftanimportantquestionopenfordebate.”可知科学家们对动物可以为未来计划的研究是有争议的。
故选A。
]
4.B[推理判断题。
根据最后一段最后两句可知动物的认知能力是怎样进化的还不清楚。
故选B。
]
[二]
Selfdrivingvehicleswillrelyoncameras,sensorsandartificialintelligence(AI)torecognizeandrespondtoroadandtrafficconditions,butsensingisthemosteffectiveforobjectsandmovementintheneighborhoodofthevehicle.Noteverythingimportantinacar’senvironmentwillbecaughtbythevehicle’scamera.Anothervehicleapproachingathighspeedonacollision(碰撞)trackmightnotbevisibleuntilit’stoolate.Thisiswhyvehicletovehiclecommunicationisundergoingrapiddevelopment.Ourresearchshowsthatcarswillneedtobeabletochatandcooperateontheroad,althoughthetechnicalchallengesareconsiderable.
Applicationsforvehicletovehiclecommunicationrangefromvehiclesdrivingtogetherinarow,tosafetymessagesaboutnearbyemergencyvehicles.Vehiclescouldalerteachothertoavoidcollisionsorsharenoticesaboutpassersbyandbicycles.
Fromasfarasseveralhundredmetresaway,vehiclescouldexchangemessageswithoneanotherorreceiveinformationfromroadsideunits(RSUs)aboutnearbyincidentsordangerousroadconditionsthrough4Gnetwork.AhighlevelofAIseemsrequiredforsuchvehicles,notonlytoselfdrivefromAtoB,butalsotoreactintelligentlytomessagesreceived.Vehicleswillneedtoplan,reason,strategizeandadaptinthelightofinformationreceivedinrealtimeandtocarryoutcooperativebehaviours.Forexample,agroupofautonomousvehiclesmightavoidaroutetogetherbecauseofpotentialrisks,oravehiclecoulddecidetodropsomeoneoffearlierduetomessagesreceived,aforeseencrowdingahead.
Furtherapplicationsofvehicletovehiclecommunicationarestillbeingresearched,includinghowtoperformcooperativebehaviour.
1.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?
A.Thereasonsfortheaccidentsbyselfdrivingvehicles.
B.Theresearchaboutapplicationsforselfdrivingvehicles.
C.Theimportanceofartificialintelligenceofselfdrivingvehicles.
D.Thereasonsfordevelopingcommunicationbetweenselfdrivingvehicles.
2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“alert”meaninParagraph2?
A.Alarm.B.Condemn.C.Ignore.D.Govern.
3.Whatcanwelearnaboutroadsideunits(RSUs)?
A.Theyclassifythevehiclesontheroad.
B.Theycanimprovebadroadconditions.
C.Theytakeoverthepassingvehicles.
D.Theyserveasefficientinformationstations.
4.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?
A.WhenDoVehiclesCommunicate?
B.TheReasonsWhyaHighLevelofAIIsImportant
C.VehicletovehicleCommunicationIsComing
D.WhatDoApplicationsforVehicletovehicleCommunicationNeed?
1.D[段落大意题。
根据第一段最后两句可知第一段讲的是:
发展自驾车车际通信的原因。
故选D。
]
2.A[词义猜测题。
根据画线词后的“toavoidcollisionsorsharenoticesaboutpassersbyandbicycles”避免碰撞或分享有关行人和车辆的通知可知,此处指车辆之间可以互相提醒。
由此可知画线词的意思是“提醒,使……警觉”,故选A。
]
3.D[推理判断题。
根据第三段第一句“Fromasfarasseveralhundredmetresaway,vehiclescouldexchangemessageswithoneanotherorreceiveinformationfromroadsideunits(RSUs)aboutnearbyincidentsordangerousroadconditionsthrough4Gnetwork.”可知,它们充当有效的信息站。
故选D。
]
4.C[标题归纳题。
根据最后一段可知车际通信即将来临。
故选C。
]
[三]
ItmaybecommonknowledgethatwhatBritishpeoplecall“football”isknownas“soccer”intheUS,and“colour”inBritishEnglish(BrE)goeswithoutthe“u”inAmericanEnglish(AmE).ButaccordingtoachartmaderecentlybywebsiteGrammarCheck,thesearefarfrombeingtheonlydifferencesbetweenthetwocountries’useofEnglish.Thechartoutlined63ofthemaincontrastsbetweenBrEandAmE,fromthemorewellknown“lift/elevator”and“autumn/fall”tothelesserknown“garden/yard”and“petrol/gasoline”.
Someofthevocabularymismatchesaresodifferentthattwopeopleinaconversationmayfailtounderstandeachother.Forexample,thetwocountrieshavedifferentnamesforcertainfood.“Biscuits”and“sweets”inBritainareknownas“cookies”and“candy”,respectively,intheUS.Butwhilegettingfoodnamesmixeduponlycausesconfusion,somemisunderstandingsmayleadtoembarrassmentifyou’renotcareful.IfaBritishmanintheUSisaskedtoshowupapartyin“pants”,there’sachancethathemightgetalotofstaresfromotherguests.“Pants”intheUKmeansunderwear.“Trousers”arewhatyouneedtoaskaBritishfriendtowearifyoudon’twantthemtocauseasceneamongyourfriends.
However,evenif63isalreadyalot,therearestillmanydifferencesthatthechartfailedtocover.IfaUSgirlwalksintoaUKbarberandsays“Iwanttohavemybangsfixed”,forexample,itcouldtakeawhilebeforethehairdresserrealizeswhatshemeansisactuallyher“fringe”.
1.Bypresentingthefirstparagraph,theauthormainlytellus.
A.thechartismadebyGrammarCheck
B.peoplearemuchmorefamiliarwith“lift/elevator”
C.BrEandAmEaredifferentinspelling
D.therearemanydifferencesbetweenBrEandAmE
2.IfaBritishmanisaskedtojoininapartyin“pants”,hemight.
A.getintoanembarrassment
B.beattractiveamonghisfriends
C.bepuzzledatothers’dresses
D.askforapairoftrousersinstead
3.Whyistheexampleinthebarbermentioned?
A.Toconfirmsomeexamplesareunknown.
B.Tosupporttheauthor’sopiniononthetopic.
C.ToindicatetheBritishareslowinunderstanding.
D.Toshowthehairdresserisn’tfamiliarwith“bangs”.
1.D[推理判断题。
第一段先以“football”,“soccer”和“colour”为例,说明英美英语词汇的不同;随后作者指出,根据网站GrammarCheck所列图表可知英美英语差异不仅限于此;再从下文不同角度的例子可以推断,作者在第一段中主要向读者传递的是:
英美英语差异很大。
故选D。
]
2.A[细节理解题。
根据第二段最后三句可知,英式英语里“pants”是“underwear”的意思。
如果某英国人穿着“underwear”参加聚会,可能就会引人注目、并陷入难堪的局面。
故选A。
]
3.B[推理判断题。
上文列举了英美英语差异的几个例子,然后在最后一段第一句指出上述图表未能涵盖许多其他的不同之处,其后事例用于强化“区别之大”这一观点。
故选B。
]
[四]
Greece’sfinanceministersayshiscountry’sfinancialsituationis“terriblyurgent”andthecrisiscouldcometoaheadinacoupleofweeks.YanisVaroufakisgavethewarningaftereurozonefinanceministersmetinBrusselstodiscussthefinal7.2bntranche(援助资金)ofGreece’s240bnEU/IMFbailout(紧急援助).
MinisterssaidGreecehadmade“progress”butmoreworkwasneeded.
TheGreekgovernmentisstrugglingtomeetitspaymentobligations(责任).Earlier,Greecebeganthetransferof750m(£544m,
834m)indebtinteresttotheInternationalMonetaryFund—adayaheadofapaymentdeadline.
“Theliquidity(资产流动性)issueisaterriblyurgentissue.It’scommonknowledge,let’snotbeataroundthebush,”MrVaroufakistoldreportersinBrussels.“Fromtheperspectiveoftiming,wearetalkingaboutthenextcoupleofweeks.”
GreecehasuntiltheendofJunetoreachareformdealwithitsinternationalcreditors.Itsfinancesarerunningsolowthatithashadtoaskpublicbodiesforhelp.ThecrisishasraisedtheprospectthatGreecemightdefault(违约)onitsdebtsandleavetheeuro.
Inastatement,th
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