GRE北美试题.docx
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GRE北美试题.docx
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GRE北美试题
GRE北美试题21
No.5-2SECTION1
1.Createdtoserveasperfectlyaspossibletheirworkaday----,thewoodenstorageboxesmadeinAmerica'sShakercommunitiesarenow----fortheirbeauty.
(A)environment..accepted
(B)owners..employed
(C)function..valued
(D)reality..transformed
(E)image..seen
2.Inorderto----hertheorythatthereactionsare----,thescientistconductedmanyexperiments,all
ofwhichshowedthattheheatofthefirstreactionismorethantwicethatofthesecond.
(A)support..different
(B)comprehend..constant
(C)evaluate..concentrated
(D)capture..valuable
(E)demonstrate..problematic
3.Thesheerbulkofdatafromthemassmediaseemstooverpowerusanddriveusto----accountsforaneasilyandreadilydigestibleportionofnews.
(A)insular(B)investigative(C)synoptic
(D)subjective(E)sensational
4.WilliamJameslackedtheusual----death;writingtohisdyingfather,hespokewithout----abouttheoldman'simpendingdeath.
(A)longingfor..regret
(B)aweof..inhibition
(C)curiosityabout..rancor
(D)apprehensionof..eloquence
(E)anticipationof..commiseration
5.Currentdatasuggestthat,although----statesbetweenfearandaggressionexist,fearandaggres-sionareasdistinctphysiologicallyastheyarepsychologically.
(A)simultaneous(B)serious
(C)exceptional(D)partial
(E)transitional
6.Itisironicthatacriticofsuchoverwhelmingvanitynowsuffersfromameasureoftheobliviontowhichhewasforever----others,intheend,allhis----hasonlyworkedagainsthim
(A)dedicating..self-procession
(B)leading..self-righteousness
(C)consigning..self-adulation
(D)relegating..self-sacrifice
(E)condemning..self-analysis
7.Famousamongjobseekersforits----,thecom-pany,quiteapartfromgeneroussalaries,bestowedonitsexecutivesannualbonusesandsuch----aslow-interesthomemortgagesandcompanycars.
(A)magnanimity..reparations
(B)inventiveness..benefits
(C)largesse..perquisites
(D)discernment..prerogatives
(E)altruism..credits
8.WEB:
SPIDER:
:
(A)flower:
bee(B)canal:
otter
(C)nest:
bird(D)acorn:
squirrel
(E)bait:
fish
9.FOUR-POSTER:
BED:
:
(A)convertible:
automobile
(B)soldier:
army(C)student:
school
(D)chlorine:
water(E)paper:
wood
10.BONE:
BODY:
:
(A)scaffold:
hinge(B)brace:
corner
(C)strut:
buttress(D)lattice:
division
(E)girder:
skyscraper
11.SCOOP:
CONCAVE:
:
(A)tongs:
hollow(B)spatula:
flat
(C)beater:
tined(D)cleaver:
indented
(E)skewer:
rounded
12.SYMBOLS:
RERUS:
:
(A)notes:
score(B)military:
insignia
(C)proportions:
recipe
(D)program:
computer
(E)silversmith:
hallmark
13.GUSH:
EFFUSIVE:
:
(A)exult:
honest(B)deliberate:
secretive
(C)giggle:
innocent(D)rage:
irate
(E)whisper:
confidential
14.PERORATION:
SPEECH:
:
(A)tempo:
movement(B)figure:
portrait
(C)light:
shadow(D)verse:
stanza
(E)coda:
sonata
15.INTERREGNUM:
GOVERNMENT:
:
(A)splice:
rope(B)cleavage:
crystal
(C)infraction:
law(D)frequency:
wave
(E)hibernation:
activity
16.EMBROIDER:
CLOTH:
:
(A)chase:
metal(B)patch:
quilt
(C)gild:
gold(D)carve:
knife
(E)stain:
glass
Visualrecognitioninvolvesstoringandretrievingmem-ories.Neuralactivity,triggeredbytheeye,formsanimageinthebrain'smemorysystemthatconstitutesaninternalrepresentationoftheviewedobject.Whenanobjectisencounteredagain,itismatchedwithitsinter-nalrepresentationandtherebyrecognized.Controversysurroundsthequestionofwhetherrecognitionisaparal-lel,one-stepprocessoraserial,step-by-stepone.Psy-chologistsoftheGestaltschoolmaintainthatobjectsarerecognizedaswholesinaparallelprocedure:
theinter-nalrepresentationismatchedwiththeretinalimageinasingleoperation.Otherpsychologistshaveproposedthatinternalrepresentationfeaturesarematchedseriallywithanobject'sfeatures.Althoughsomeexperimentsshowthat,asanobjectbecomesfamiliar,itsinternalrepresen-tationbecomesmoreholisticandtherecognitionprocesscorrespondinglymoreparallel,theweightofevidenceseemstosupporttheserialhypothesis,atleastforobjectsthatarenotnotablysimpleandfamiliar.
17.Theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith
(A)explaininghowthebrainreceivesimages
(B)synthesizinghypothesesofvisualrecognition
(C)examiningtheevidencesupportingtheserial-recognitionhypothesis
(D)discussingvisualrecognitionandsomehypothesesproposedtoexplainit
(E)reportingonrecentexperimentsdealingwithmemorysystemsandtheirrelationshiptoneuralactivity
18.Accordingtothepassage,Gestaltpsychologistsmakewhichofthefollowingsuppositionsaboutvisualrecognition?
I.Aretinalimageisinexactlythesameformsasitsinternalrepresentation.
II.Anobjectisrecognizedasawholewithoutanyneedforanalysisintocomponentparts.
III.Thematchingofanobjectwithitsinternalrepresentationoccursinonlyonestep.
(A)IIonly(B)IIIonly
(C)IandIIIonly(D)IIandIIIonly
(E)I,II,andIII
19.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthematch-ingprocessinvisualrecognitionis
(A)notaneuralactivity
(B)notpossiblewhenanobjectisviewedfortheveryfirsttime
(C)notpossibleifafeatureofafamiliarobjectischangedinsomeway
(D)onlypossiblewhenaretinalimageisreceivedinthebrainasaunitarywhole
(E)nowfullyunderstoodasacombinationoftheserialandparallelprocesses
20.Ittermsofitstoneandform,thepassagecanbestbecharacterizedas
(A)abiasedexposition
(B)aspeculativestudy
(C)adispassionatepresentation
(D)anindignantdenial
(E)adogmaticexplanation
Inlargepartasaconsequenceofthefeministmove-ment,historianshavefocusedagreatdealofattentioninrecentyearsondeterminingmoreaccuratelythestatusofwomeninvariousperiods.Althoughmuchhasbeenaccomplishedforthemodernperiod,premoderncultureshaveprovedmoredifficult:
sourcesarerestrictedinnumber,fragmentary,difficulttointerpret,andoftencontradictory.Thusitisnotparticularlysurprisingthatsomeearlierscholarshipconcerningsuchcultureshassofargoneunchallenged.AnexampleisJohannBachofen's1861treatiseonAmazons,women-ruledsocietiesofquestionableexistencecontemporarywithancientGreece.
Startingfromthepremisethatmythologyandlegendpreserveatleastanucleusofhistoricalfact,Bachofenarguedthatwomenweredominantinmanyancientsoci-eties.HisworkwasbasedonacomprehensivesurveyofreferencesintheancientsourcestoAmazonianandothersocietieswithmatrilinealcustoms-societiesinwhichdescentandpropertyrightsaretracedthroughthefemaleline.SomesupportforhistheorycanbefoundinevidencesuchasthatdrawnfromHerodotus,theGreek"historian"ofthefifthcenturyB.C.,whospeaksofanAmazoniansociety,theSauromatae,wherethewomenhuntedandfoughtinwars.Awomaninthissocietywasnotallowedtomarryuntilshehadkilledapersoninbattle.
Nonetheless,thisassumptionthatthefirstrecordersofancientmythshavepreservedfactsisproblematic.IfonebeginsbyexaminingwhyancientsrefertoAmazons,itbecomesclearthatancientGreekdescriptionsofsuchsocietiesweremeantnotsomuchtorepresentobservedhistoricalfact-realAmazoniansocieties-butrathertooffer"morallessons"onthesupposedoutcomeofwomen'sruleintheirownsociety.TheAmazonswereoftencharacterized,forexample,astheequivalentsofgiantsandcentaurs,enemiestobeslainbyGreekheroes.Theircustomswerepresentednotasthoseofarespect-ablesociety,butastheveryantithesesofordinaryGreekpractices.
Thus,Iwouldargue,thepurposeofaccountsoftheAmazonsfortheirmaleGreekrecorderswasdidactic,toteachbothmaleandfemaleGreeksthatall-femalegroups,formedbywithdrawalfromtraditionalsociety,aredestructiveanddangerous.MythsabouttheAma-zonswereusedasargumentsforthemale-dominatedstatusquo,inwhichgroupscomposedexclusivelyofeithersexwerenotpermittedtosegregatethemselvespermanentlyfromsociety.Bachofenwasthusmisledinhisrelianceonmythsforinformationaboutthestatusofwomen.Thesourcesthatwillprobablytellcontempo-raryhistoriansmostaboutwomenintheancientworldaresuchsocialdocumentsasgravestones,wills,andmarriagecontracts.Studiesofsuchdocumentshavealreadybeguntoshowhowmistakenwearewhenwetrytoderiveourpictureoftheancientworldexclusivelyfromliterarysources,especiallymyths.
21.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto
(A)comparecompetingnewapproachestounderstandingtheroleofwomeninancientsocieties
(B)investigatetheramificationsofBachofen'stheoryaboutthedominanceofwomeninancientsocieties
(C)explaintheburgeoninginterestamonghistoriansindeterminingtheactualstatusofwomeninvarioussocieties
(D)analyzethenatureofAmazoniansocietyanduncoversimilaritiesbetweenitandtheGreekworld
(E)criticizethevalueofancientmythsindeterminingthestatusofwomeninancientsocieties
22.AllofthefollowingarestatedbytheauthorasproblemsconnectedwiththesourcesforknowledgeofpremodernculturesEXCEPT
(A)partialcompleteness
(B)restrictedaccessibility
(C)difficultyofinterpretation
(D)limitedquantity
(E)tendencytowardcontradiction
23.WhichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassageaboutthemythsrecordedbytheancientGreeks?
I.Theysometimesincludedportrayalsofwomenholdingpositionsofpower.
II.Theysometimescontainedelaborateexplanationsofinheritancecustoms.
III.TheycomprisealmostallofthematerialavailabletohistoriansaboutancientGreece.
(A)Ionly(B)IIIonly(C)IandIIIonly
(D)IIandIII
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