单片机温度控制系统中英文翻译资料.docx
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单片机温度控制系统中英文翻译资料.docx
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单片机温度控制系统中英文翻译资料
单片机温度控制系统中英文翻译资料
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外文翻译?
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TheGeneralSituationofAT89C51 ?
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TheAT89C51isalow-power,high-performanceCMOS8-bitmicrocomputerwith4KbytesofFlashProgrammableandErasableReadOnlyMemory(PEROM)and128bytesRAM.ThedeviceismanufacturedusingAtmel’shighdensitynonvolatilememorytechnologyandiscompatiblewiththeindustrystandardMCS-51?
instructionsetandpinout.Thechipcombinesaversatile8-bitCPUwithFlashonamonolithicchip;theAtmelAT89C51isapowerfulmicrocomputerwhichprovidesahighlyflexibleandcosteffectivesolutiontomanyembeddedcontrolapplications.?
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Features:
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CompatiblewithMCS-51?
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4KBytesofIn-SystemReprogrammableFlashMemory?
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Endurance:
1,000Write/EraseCycles?
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FullyStaticOperation:
0Hzto24MHz?
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Three-LevelProgramMemoryLock?
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128x8-BitInternalRAM?
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32ProgrammableI/OLines?
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Two16-BitTimer/Counters?
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SixInterruptSources?
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ProgrammableSerialChannel ?
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LowPowerIdleandPowerDownModes ?
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TheAT89C51providesthefollowingstandardfeatures:
4KbytesofFlash,128bytesofRAM,32I/Olines,two16-bittimer/counters,afivevectortwo-levelinterruptarchitecture,afullduplexserialport,on-chiposcillatorandclockcircuitry.Inaddition,theAT89C51isdesignedwithstaticlogicforoperationdowntozerofrequencyandsupportstwosoftwareselectablepowersavingmodes.1?
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外文翻译 ?
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TheIdleModestopstheCPUwhileallowingtheRAM,timer/counters,serialportandinterruptsystemtocontinuefunctioning.ThePowerDownModesavestheRAMcontentsbutfreezestheoscillatordisablingallotherchipfunctionsuntilthenexthardwarereset.?
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BlockDiagram ?
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PinDescription:
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VCCSupplyvoltage.?
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GNDGround. ?
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Port0:
Port0isan8-bitopendrainbidirectionalI/Oport.AsanoutputporteachpincansinkeightTTLinputs.When1sarewrittentoport0pins,thepinscanbeusedashighimpedanceinputs.(Sink/flow) ?
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Port0mayalsobeconfiguredtobethemultiplexedloworderaddress/databusduringaccessestoexternalprogramanddatamemory.InthismodeP0has2?
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外文翻译?
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internalpull-ups. ?
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Port0alsoreceivesthecodebytesduringFlashprogramming,andoutputsthecodebytesduringprogramverification.Externalpull-upsarerequiredduringprogramverification. ?
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Port1:
Port1isan8-bitbidirectionalI/Oportwithinternalpull-ups.ThePort1outputbufferscansink/sourcefourTTLinputs.When1sarewrittentoPort1pinstheyarepulledhighbytheinternalpull-upsandcanbeusedasinputs.Asinputs,Port1pinsthatareexternallybeingpulledlowwillsourcecurrent(IIL)becauseoftheinternalpull-ups. ?
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Port1alsoreceivesthelow-orderaddressbytesduringFlashprogrammingandverification.?
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Port2:
Port2isan8-bitbidirectionalI/Oportwithinternalpull-ups.ThePort2outputbufferscansink/sourcefourTTLinputs.When1sarewrittentoPort2pinstheyarepulledhighbytheinternalpull-upsandcanbeusedasinputs.Asinputs,Port2pinsthatareexternallybeingpulledlowwillsourcecurrent(IIL)becauseoftheinternalpull-ups. ?
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Port2emitsthehigh-orderaddressbyteduringfetchesfromexternalprogrammemoryandduringaccessestoexternaldatamemorythatuses16-bitaddresses(MOVX@DPTR).Inthisapplicationitusesstronginternalpull-upswhenemitting1s.Duringaccessestoexternaldatamemoriesthatuse8-bitaddresses(MOVX@RI),Port2emitsthecontentsoftheP2SpecialFunctionRegister. ?
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Port2alsoreceivesthehigh-orderaddressbitsandsomecontrolsignalsduringFlashprogrammingandverification. ?
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Port3:
Port3isan8-bitbidirectionalI/Oportwithinternalpull-ups.ThePort3outputbufferscansink/sourcefourTTLinputs.When1sarewrittentoPort3pinstheyarepulledhighbytheinternalpull-upsandcanbeusedasinputs.Asinputs,Port3pinsthatareexternallybeingpulledlowwillsourcecurrent(IIL)becauseofthepull-ups.?
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外文翻译 ?
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Port3alsoservesthefunctionsofvariousspecialfeaturesoftheAT89C51aslistedbelow:
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Port3alsoreceivessomecontrolsignalsforFlashprogrammingandverification. ?
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RST:
Resetinput.Ahighonthispinfortwomachinecycleswhiletheoscillatorisrunningresetsthedevice. ?
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ALE/PROG:
AddressLatchEnableoutputpulseforlatchingthelowbyteoftheaddressduringaccessestoexternalmemory.Thispinisalsotheprogrampulseinput(PROG)duringFlashprogramming. ?
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InnormaloperationALEisemittedataconstantrateof1/6theoscillatorfrequency,andmaybeusedforexternaltimingorclockingpurposes.Note,however,thatoneALEpulseisskippedduringeachaccesstoexternalDataMemory. ?
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Ifdesired,ALEoperationcanbedisabledbysettingbit0ofSFRlocation8EH.Withthebitset,ALEisactiveonlyduringaMOVXorMOVCinstruction.Otherwise,thepinisweaklypulledhigh.SettingtheALE-disablebithasnoeffectifthemicrocontrollerisinexternalexecutionmode.?
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PSEN:
ProgramStoreEnableisthereadstrobetoexternalprogrammemory.WhentheAT89C51isexecutingcodefromexternalprogrammemory,PSENisactivatedtwiceeachmachinecycle,exceptthattwoPSENactivationsareskippedduringeachaccesstoexternaldatamemory.?
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外文翻译 ?
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EA/VPP:
ExternalAccessEnable.EAmustbestrappedtoGNDinordertoenablethedevicetofetchcodefromexternalprogrammemorylocationsstartingat0000HuptoFFFFH.Note,however,thatiflockbit1(LB1)isprogrammed,EAwillbeinternallylatched(fastenwithalatch)onreset. ?
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EAshouldbestrappedtoVCCforinternalprogramexecutions. ?
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Thispinalsoreceivesthe12-voltprogrammingenablevoltage ?
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shouldnotbeonethatwritestoaportpinortoexternalmemory.?
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PowerDownMode ?
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Inthepowerdownmodetheoscillatorisstopped,andtheinstructionthatinvokespowerdownis?
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thelastinstructionexecuted.Theon-chipRAMandSpecialFunctionRegistersretaintheirvaluesuntilthepowerdownmodeisterminated.Theonlyexitfrompowerdownisahardwarereset.ResetredefinestheSFRsbutdoesnotchangetheon-chipRAM.TheresetshouldnotbeactivatedbeforeVCCisrestoredtoitsnormaloperatinglevelandmustbeheldactivelongenoughtoallowtheoscillatortorestartandstabilize.?
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ProgramMemoryLockBits ?
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Onthechiparethreelockbitswhichcanbeleftunprogrammed(U)orcanbeprogrammed(P)toobtaintheadditionalfeatureslistedinthetablebelow:
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Whenlockbit1isprogrammed,thelogiclevelattheEApinissampledandlatchedduringreset.Ifthedeviceispoweredupwithoutareset,thelatchinitializestoarandomvalue,andholdsthatvalueuntilresetisactivated.Itis?
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外文翻译 ?
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necessarythatthelatchedvalueofEAbeinagreementwiththecurrentlogiclevelatthatpininorderforthedevicetofunctionproperly. ?
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ProgrammingtheFlash:
TheAT89C51isnormallyshippedwiththeon-chipFlashmemoryarrayintheerasedstate(thatis,contents=FFH)andreadytobeprogrammed.Theprogramminginterfaceacceptseitherahigh-voltage(12-volt)oralow-voltage(VCC)programenablesignal.ThelowvoltageprogrammingmodeprovidesaconvenientwaytoprogramtheAT89C51insidetheuser’ssystem,whilethehigh-voltageprogrammingmodeiscompatiblewithconventionalthirdpartyFlashorEPROMprogrammers. ?
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TheAT89C51isshippedwitheitherthehigh-voltageorlow-voltageprogrammingmodeenabled.Therespectivetop-sidemarkinganddevicesignature?
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TheAT89C51codememoryarrayisprogrammedbyte-bybyteineitherprogrammingmode.Toprogramanynonblankbyteintheon-chipFlashProgrammableandErasableReadOnlyMemory,theentirememorymustbeerasedusingtheChipEraseMode. ?
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ProgrammingAlgorithm:
BeforeprogrammingtheAT89C51,theaddress,dataandcontrolsignalsshouldbesetupaccordingtotheFlashprogrammingmodetableandFigures3and4.ToprogramtheAT89C51,takethefollowingsteps. ?
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1.Inputthedesiredmemorylocationontheaddresslines.?
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2.Inputtheappropriatedatabyteonthedatalines.?
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3.Activatethecorrectcombinationofcontrolsignals. ?
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4.RaiseEA/VPPto12Vforthehigh-voltageprogrammingmode.?
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外文翻译 ?
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5.PulseALE/PROGoncetoprogramabyteintheFlasharrayorthelockbits.Thebyte-writecycleisself-timedandtypicallytakesnomorethanms.Repeatsteps1through5,changingtheaddressanddatafortheentirearrayoruntiltheendoftheobjectfileisreached. ?
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DataPolling:
TheAT89C51featuresDataPollingtoindicatetheendofawritecycle.Duringawritecycle,anattemptedreadofthelastbytewrittenwillresultinthecomplementofthewrittendatumonOncethewritecyclehasbeencompleted,truedataarevalidonalloutputs,andthenextcyclemaybegin.DataPollingmaybeginanytimeafterawritecyclehasbeeninitiated.?
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Ready/Busy:
TheprogressofbyteprogrammingcanalsobemonitoredbytheRDY/BSYoutput signal.ispulledlowafterALEgoeshighduringprogrammingtoindicateBUSY.ispulledhighagainwhenprogrammingisdonetoindicateREADY. ?
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ProgramVerify:
IflockbitsLB1andLB2havenotbeenprogrammed,theprogrammedcodedatacanbereadbackviatheaddressanddatalinesforverification.Thelockbitscannotbeverifieddirectly.Verificationofthelockbitsisachievedbyobservingthattheirfeaturesareenabled. ?
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ChipErase:
TheentireFlashProgrammableandErasableReadOnlyMemoryarrayiserasedelectricallybyusingthepropercombinationofcontrolsignalsandbyholdingALE/PROGlowfor10ms.Thecodearrayiswrittenwithall“1”s.Thechiperaseoperationmustbeexecutedbeforet
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