曼昆《经济学原理》微观第五版测试题库 19.docx

曼昆《经济学原理》微观第五版测试题库 19.docx

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曼昆《经济学原理》微观第五版测试题库19

Chapter19

EarningsandDiscrimination

TRUE/FALSE

1.Acompensatingdifferentialreferstoadifferenceinwagesthatarisesfromnonmonetarycharacteristics.

ANS:

TDIF:

2REF:

19-1

NAT:

AnalyticLOC:

LabormarketsTOP:

Compensatingdifferentials

MSC:

Definitional

2.Acompensatingdifferentialisadifferenceinwagesduetohigherlevelsofeducationorotherformsofhumancapital.

ANS:

FDIF:

1REF:

19-1

NAT:

AnalyticLOC:

LabormarketsTOP:

Compensatingdifferentials

MSC:

Definitional

3.Thefactthatdoctorsarepaidmorethaneconomicsprofessorsisanexampleofacompensatingdifferential.

ANS:

TDIF:

1REF:

19-1

NAT:

AnalyticLOC:

LabormarketsTOP:

Compensatingdifferentials

MSC:

Definitional

4.Acomputerisanexampleofproductivity-enhancinghumancapital.

ANS:

FDIF:

2REF:

19-1

NAT:

AnalyticLOC:

LabormarketsTOP:

Humancapital

MSC:

Definitional

5.Higherlevelsofhumancapitalarecorrelatedwithhigherearningsbecausefirmsarewillingtopaymoreforbetter-educatedworkerswhohavehighermarginalproductivities.

ANS:

TDIF:

2REF:

19-1

NAT:

AnalyticLOC:

LabormarketsTOP:

Humancapital

MSC:

Interpretive

6.Asaresultofanincreaseintheearningsgapbetweenskilledandunskilledjobs,theincentivetogetacollegeeducationhasbeendeclining.

ANS:

FDIF:

2REF:

19-1

NAT:

AnalyticLOC:

LabormarketsTOP:

Increasingvalueofskills

MSC:

Interpretive

7.Therisinggapinwagesbetweenunskilledandskilledworkersismostlikelyrelatedtoalargerincreaseindemandforunskilledoccupationsrelativetoskilledoccupations.

ANS:

FDIF:

2REF:

19-1

NAT:

AnalyticLOC:

LabormarketsTOP:

Increasingvalueofskills

MSC:

Interpretive

8.OnehypothesistoexplaintherisinggapinwagesbetweenunskilledandskilledworkersintheUnitedStatesisthatinternationaltradehasalteredtherelativedemandsforskilledandunskilledworkers.

ANS:

TDIF:

2REF:

19-1

NAT:

AnalyticLOC:

LabormarketsTOP:

Increasingvalueofskills

MSC:

Interpretive

9.Thestatementthat"therichgetricher,andthepoorgetpoorer"issupportedbyevidenceofanexpandingwagegapbetweenhigh-skillandlow-skillworkers.

ANS:

TDIF:

1REF:

19-1

NAT:

AnalyticLOC:

LabormarketsTOP:

Increasingvalueofskills

MSC:

Interpretive

10.Someeconomistssuggestthatinternationaltradehasledtoanexpandingwagegapbetweenhigh-skillandlow-skillworkersintheUnitedStates.

ANS:

TDIF:

2REF:

19-1

NAT:

AnalyticLOC:

LabormarketsTOP:

Increasingvalueofskills

MSC:

Interpretive

11.Itisincreasinglyclearthattechnologicalchange,ratherthaninternationaltrade,hasbeenlargelyresponsibleforanexpandingwagegapbetweenhigh-skillandlow-skillworkers.

ANS:

FDIF:

2REF:

19-1

NAT:

AnalyticLOC:

LabormarketsTOP:

Increasingvalueofskills

MSC:

Interpretive

12.TheUnitedStatesislosingmanufacturingjobstocountrieslikeChinaandIndia,wheremanufacturingjobshaveincreased30percentsince1995.

ANS:

FDIF:

2REF:

19-1

NAT:

AnalyticLOC:

LabormarketsTOP:

Increasingvalueofskills

MSC:

Applicative

13.Since1995,globalmanufacturingemploymenthasdeclined,yetglobalindustrialoutputhasrisen.

ANS:

TDIF:

2REF:

19-1

NAT:

AnalyticLOC:

LabormarketsTOP:

Increasingvalueofskills

MSC:

Applicative

14.Oneexplanationforthelossinmanufacturingjobsisthatnewtechnologieshavereplacedtheneedforsomeworkers.

ANS:

TDIF:

2REF:

19-1

NAT:

AnalyticLOC:

LabormarketsTOP:

Increasingvalueofskills

MSC:

Applicative

15.Thedemandforworkerswithexcellentproblem-solvingskillsisincreasing,asarethewagesforthoseworkers.

ANS:

TDIF:

2REF:

19-1

NAT:

AnalyticLOC:

LabormarketsTOP:

Increasingvalueofskills

MSC:

Applicative

16.Onereasonwhybetter-lookingworkersmayhavehigherearningsisthatphysicalattractivenessmayenhanceaworker’sproductivityforcertainjobs,especiallyforthoseworkerswhodealwiththepublic.

ANS:

TDIF:

2REF:

19-1

NAT:

AnalyticLOC:

LabormarketsTOP:

Beautypremium

MSC:

Interpretive

17.Onereasonwhybetter-lookingworkersmayhavehigherearningsisthatphysicalattractivenessiscorrelatedwithintelligence.

ANS:

FDIF:

2REF:

19-1

NAT:

AnalyticLOC:

LabormarketsTOP:

Beautypremium

MSC:

Interpretive

18.Thesignalingtheoryofeducationmaintainsthatworkerswhocompletespecificlevelsofeducationsignaltheirhighproductivitytopotentialtoemployers.

ANS:

TDIF:

2REF:

19-1

NAT:

AnalyticLOC:

LabormarketsTOP:

Signaling

MSC:

Definitional

19.Thesignalingtheoryofeducationmaintainsthatworkerswhocompletespecificlevelsofeducationenhancetheirproductivitythrougheducation.

ANS:

FDIF:

2REF:

19-1

NAT:

AnalyticLOC:

LabormarketsTOP:

Signaling

MSC:

Definitional

20.Ifthesignalingtheoryofeducationiscorrect,theneducationiscorrelatedwithhigherearningsbecausepeoplewithhigherlevelsofeducationaremoreproductive.

ANS:

FDIF:

2REF:

19-1

NAT:

AnalyticLOC:

LabormarketsTOP:

Signaling

MSC:

Interpretive

21.Thehuman-capitaltheoryofeducationmaintainsthatworkerswhocompletespecificlevelsofeducationenhancetheirproductivitythrougheducation.

ANS:

TDIF:

2REF:

19-1

NAT:

AnalyticLOC:

LabormarketsTOP:

Humancapital|Signaling

MSC:

Definitional

22.Educationandon-the-jobtrainingaresourcesofhumancapital.

ANS:

TDIF:

1REF:

19-1

NAT:

AnalyticLOC:

LabormarketsTOP:

Humancapital

MSC:

Applicative

23.Thesuperstarphenomenonexplainswhyprofessionalathletesearnmorethanamateurathletes.

ANS:

FDIF:

1REF:

19-1

NAT:

AnalyticLOC:

LabormarketsTOP:

Superstarphenomenon

MSC:

Definitional

24.Superstarsearnhighincomesduetotheirabilitytosatisfythedemandsofmillionsofpeopleatonce.

ANS:

TDIF:

2REF:

19-2

NAT:

AnalyticLOC:

LabormarketsTOP:

Superstars

MSC:

Interpretive

25.Aneffectiveminimumwagelawwillincreasethequantityoflabordemanded.

ANS:

FDIF:

2REF:

19-1

NAT:

AnalyticLOC:

LabormarketsTOP:

Above-equilibriumwages

MSC:

Applicative

26.Laborunionswillraisethequantityoflabordemanded.

ANS:

FDIF:

2REF:

19-1

NAT:

AnalyticLOC:

LabormarketsTOP:

Unions

MSC:

Applicative

27.Efficiencywageswillraisethequantityoflaborsuppliedtothemarket.

ANS:

TDIF:

2REF:

19-1

NAT:

AnalyticLOC:

LabormarketsTOP:

Efficiencywages

MSC:

Applicative

28.Efficiencywagesdecreaseemployeeeffort.

ANS:

FDIF:

1REF:

19-2

NAT:

AnalyticLOC:

LabormarketsTOP:

Above-equilibriumwages

MSC:

Interpretive

29.Efficiencywagesdecreaseemployeeturnover.

ANS:

TDIF:

1REF:

19-2

NAT:

AnalyticLOC:

LabormarketsTOP:

Above-equilibriumwages

MSC:

Interpretive

30.Economictheoryoflabormarketssuggeststhatwagesaregovernedbylaborsupplyandlabordemand.

ANS:

TDIF:

1REF:

19-1

NAT:

AnalyticLOC:

LabormarketsTOP:

Wages

MSC:

Applicative

31.Empiricalevidencesuggeststhatability,effort,andchancearenotlikelytobesignificantcontributorstowagedifferences.

ANS:

FDIF:

1REF:

19-1

NAT:

AnalyticLOC:

LabormarketsTOP:

Wages

MSC:

Interpretive

32.Discriminationisareflectionofsomepeople'sprejudiceagainstcertaingroupsinsociety.

ANS:

TDIF:

1REF:

19-2

NAT:

AnalyticLOC:

LabormarketsTOP:

Discrimination

MSC:

Definitional

33.Differencesinhumancapitalamonggroupsofworkersispossiblyareflectionofpastdiscrimination.

ANS:

TDIF:

1REF:

19-2

NAT:

AnalyticLOC:

LabormarketsTOP:

Discrimination

MSC:

Interpretive

34.Discriminationisanemotionallychargedissuethatisimpossibletostudyobjectively.

ANS:

FDIF:

2REF:

19-2

NAT:

AnalyticLOC:

LabormarketsTOP:

Discrimination

MSC:

Interpretive

35.Whendifferencesinhumancapitalamongworkersleadtodiscrimination,thedifferencesaretypicallyaresultofsocialorpoliticalprocessesratherthaneconomicprocesses.

ANS:

TDIF:

2REF:

19-2

NAT:

AnalyticLOC:

LabormarketsTOP:

Discrimination

MSC:

Interpretive

36.WhencomparingaveragewagesforblackandwhiteworkersintheUnitedStates,wagespaidtoblackworkershavebeenabout20percentlessthanthosepaidtowhiteworkers.

ANS:

TDIF:

2REF:

19-2

NAT:

AnalyticLOC:

LabormarketsTOP:

Labor-marketdiscrimination

MSC:

Applicative

37.WhencomparingaveragewagesformaleandfemaleworkersintheUnitedStates,wagespaidtofemaleshavebeenabout40percentlessthanthosepaidtomaleworkers.

ANS:

FDIF:

2REF:

19-2

NAT:

AnalyticLOC:

LabormarketsTOP:

Labor-marketdiscrimination

MSC:

Applicative

38.Politiciansoftenpointtoaveragewagedifferentialsasevidenceoflabor-marketdiscriminationagainstethnicminoritiesandwomen;however,economistsargueagainstthisapproachbecausetheydon'ttrustanyofthestatisticsquotedbythepoliticians.

ANS:

FDIF:

2REF:

19-2

NAT:

AnalyticLOC:

LabormarketsTOP:

Labor-marketdiscrimination

MSC:

Interpretive

39.Politiciansoftenpointtowagedifferentialsasevidenceoflabor-marketdiscriminationagainstethnicminoritiesandwomen;however,economistsargueagainstthisapproachbecausepeopledifferinthekindsofworktheyarewillingandabletodo.

ANS:

TDIF:

2REF:

19-2

NAT:

AnalyticLOC:

LabormarketsTOP:

Labor-marketdiscrimination

MSC:

Interpretive

40.Economistswouldarguethatthegenderwagegapisnarrowingbecauseofefficiencywages.

ANS:

FDIF:

2REF:

19-2|19-1

NAT:

AnalyticLOC:

Labormarkets

TOP:

Labor-marketdiscrimination|EfficiencywagesMSC:

Interpretive

41.Alldifferencesinwagesthatarenotaccountedforbydifferencesinhuman-capitalinvestmentarelikelytobearesultofdiscrimination.

ANS:

FDIF:

2REF:

19-2

NAT:

AnalyticLOC:

LabormarketsTOP:

Labor-marketdiscrimination

MSC:

Interpretive

42.Inalabormarketfreefromdiscrimination,wagesfor