英语考题.docx
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英语考题.docx
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英语考题
一、namethefiguresofspeechinthefollowingsentences.(20points)指出下列句子的修辞手法
1herrichrelativesrainedbirthdaypresentsonheronlyson.(metaphor暗喻)
2wrongideasmayharmamanjustlikediseases.(simile明喻)like;as;asif;asthough
3somewordsmaybedefacedbycarelessusage.(personification拟人)
4hiswritingisclearandclean.(alliteration头韵)
5hisunfriendlytonguesurprisedher.(metonymy换喻)
6thereisfertilesoilforpopularmusicinchinatoday.(metaphor暗喻)
7napoleonwasastonished“eitheryouaremad,orIam”hedeclared,”both,sir!
”criedtheSwedishproudly.(pun双关)
8thecoachhadtobecrueltobekindtohistrainees.(oxymoron矛盾修饰)
9itwasrainingheavily.”whatfineweatherforanouting!
”(irony反语)
10thegreatwallwasmadenotonlyofstonesandearth,butofthefleshandbloodofmillionsofmen.(synecdoche提喻,局部整体,抽象具体)
11theoldmanputareassuringhandonmyshoulder.(transferredepithet移位修饰)
老人把一个放心的手放在我的肩膀上
12abarbarous野蛮actwascalledcivilizedorcultural.(irony反语)
13thiselephantislikeasnakeasanybodycansee.(simile明喻)
14germangunsandgermanplanesraineddownbombs,shellsandbullets..(metaphor暗喻)
15“…….sayingthatitwasthemostbeautifultongueintheworld,…”(synecdoche提喻)
16whenthenewsofthefailurecame,allhisfriendssaidthatitwasavictoriousdefeat(oxymoron矛盾修辞)
17howandwhyhehadcometojerseyisastoryofstruggle,successandsadness(alliteration头韵)
18charlesshively,awayathomeandwenttobewiththelordonapril222003,fromnaturalcauses.(euphemism委婉)
19thestormwassoangrythatitwantedtodestroyeverythinginiteway(personification拟人)
20myheartalmoststoppedbeatingwhenIheardmydaughter’svoiceonthephone(hyperbole夸张)
二、选择合适的词填空。
1,Idoubt/suspectwhetherhewillcomeherethisafternoon,
2,Wefeelproud/complacentofbeingaChinese
3,Theartist’simaginary/imaginativeuseofcolordelightedthecritics,
艺术家的想象/大胆色彩的欣喜的是,批评者
4,Iamquitejealous/enviousofyouropportunitytostudysuchafamousuniversity
5,Itwasconsiderable/considerateofyounottoplaythepianowhileIwassleeping,
这是相当大的/体贴你,不是弹钢琴,而当时我正在睡觉
6,Norespectable/respectfulgirlwouldassccitewithamanofhisreputation
不尊敬/恭敬的女孩会assccite与他的名声的人
7,Mypoveywasverysensible/sensitivetopersonalcriticisms,
我的波维很懂事/个人批评敏感
8,Hisdisinterested/uninterestedkindnesstousinourdaysofmisfortunecanneverbe
他的无私/无心恋战善心,让我们在不幸的日子永远不能忘记
9,Workinginthegardenalldayisverytired/tiresome,
整天在院子里干活很累/烦人
10,ItwasastoryaboutslumlifeontheoutskirtsofanAmericanindustrious/industrialtowm
这是一个关于贫民窟生活在美国的勤劳/工业溪镇郊外的故事
三、Writeandoutline(20points)“topicoutline”纲要写作
“Scientistshavemadeabreakthroughtocloneahumanbeing”,asoneTVnewsmanputit.Whilehisdescriptionwasoffthemark,therealnewswasalmostasfantastic:
researchersatGeorgeWashingtonUniversitysplitsinglehumanembryosintoidenticalcopies,atechnologythathassparkedastormofcontroversyaroundtheworld.“科学家们已经取得了突破性的克隆人”,正如一位电视新闻记者把它。
虽然他的描述是没谱,真正的新闻几乎跟梦幻般的:
研究人员在乔治华盛顿大学分为单人胚胎成相同的副本,并引起了一场风暴在世界各地争议的技术。
Claimingtheybegantheexperimentstospuradebate,theresearchersgotmorethantheybargainedfor.TheVaticancondemnedthetechnologyasevil;oneGermanmagazinecalledtheresearch“immoral”,andsociologistsinthe.disagreedhotlyoverwhetherthetechnologyshouldbeofferedtoinfertilecouples,couplesincapableofhavingchildren.声称他们开始实验刺激辩论中,研究人员得到了比他们大出意料。
梵蒂冈谴责该技术是邪恶的;德国一家杂志称为研究“不道德”,并在美国社会学者不同意在激烈的技术是否应提供给不育夫妇,夫妻不能生孩子的
Thenewsleftpeoplewonderingwhatthetechnologyisallabout.Actuallywhattheresearchersdidwastoextendatechniquethathasbeenusedinlivestockformorethanadecade.Thephysiciansusedtubefertilizationtechnologytocreate17humanembryosinalaboratory.Whentheembryoshadgrownenoughtocontain2-8cells,theresearchersseparatedtheminto48cells.Twooftheseparatedcellssurvivedforafewdaysinthelab,developingintonewhumanembryossmallerthantheheadofapin.这一消息留给人们想知道技术是怎么一回事。
实际上是什么,研究人员所做的是扩大已应用于家畜超过十年的技术。
医生用管施肥技术,在实验室建立17人的胚胎。
当胚胎长大到足以容纳2-8细胞,研究人员把他们分开成48个单元。
两个分离细胞的存活在实验室几天,发展成为新的人类胚胎比大头针的头较小。
Thoughnogreattechnicalfeat,theprocedureopensarangeofunsettlingpossibilities.Forexample,parentscouldhaveoneembryoimplantedinthemother’swombandstoreitsidenticalsiblingsindefinitely.Thespareembryoscouldbeimplantedlater,allowingparentstocreateafamilyofidenticalchildrenofdifferentages.Spareembryoscouldalsobesoldtootherfamilies,whocouldseefromanalreadybornchildhowtheirembryowouldturnout.Evenmorebizarre,awomanconceivedfromasplitembryocouldgivebirthtoherowntwin.虽然没有很大的技术壮举,程序会打开一系列令人不安的可能性。
例如,家长可以有一个胚胎植入母亲的子宫,并无限期存储其相同的兄弟姐妹。
备用的胚胎可以植入后,让家长营造家庭不同年龄段的儿童相同的。
备用的胚胎还可以出售给其他的家庭,谁可以从一个已经出生的孩子他们的胚胎会如何转出见。
更离奇的,从一个分裂的胚胎孕育一个女人可以给自己的双胞胎分娩。
Suchscenariosraisepainfulissuesabouttherightsofparentsandmeaningofindividuality.Somesociologistsmaintainthatparentshavetherighttodowithembryoswhattheywill,includinghavingtwinsbornyearsapart.Butothersfearthattheprocedureunacceptablyalterswhatitmeanstobehumanbeing,especiallywhentheyoungertwinsareforcedtoseeolderversionsofthemselves.这样的情况下提高对父母和个性内涵的权利痛苦的问题。
一些社会学家认为,父母必须做什么的胚胎会,包括具有年出生的双胞胎相隔的权利。
但也有人担心,该程序无法接受的改变意味着什么,是人,特别是当年轻的双胞胎不得不看旧版本的自己。
Amidthecontroversy,onethingseemscertain:
theexperimentswillcontinue.WhilecloningisforbiddeninGermany,fertilityresearchisproceedinginthe.withoutfederalregulations.Butresearchersmustobtainapprovalfromtheirhospitalboard.Withoutfederaloversight,thehighlycompetitivefertilitybusinessmaysoonusethenewtechnologytoattractclients.AsadoctortoldthescientificjournalScience,“Itwasjustamatteroftime.”在一片争议,有一点似乎可以肯定:
该实验将继续进行。
虽然克隆被禁止在德国,生育能力的研究正着手在美国没有联邦法规。
不过,研究人员必须从他们的医院获得董事会批准。
如果没有联邦政府的监督,竞争激烈的生育能力的企业可能很快使用新技术来吸引客户。
作为一名医生告诉科学杂志科学,“这是只是一个时间问题。
四、Summarywriting摘要写作
The success or failure of a company abroad depends on how effectively its employees can exercise their skills in a new location. That ability will depend on both their job-related expertise and the individual’s sensitivity and responsiveness to the new cultural environment. One of the most common factors contributing to failure in international business assignments is the erroneous assumption that if a person is successful in the home environment, he or she will be equally successful in applying technical expertise in a different culture. 国外一家公司的成功或失败取决于如何有效地员工可以锻炼自己的技能,在一个新的位置。
这种能力将取决于双方的工作相关的专业知识和个人的敏感性和反应能力,以新的文化环境。
其中一个促进国际业务任务失败的最常见因素是错误的假设,如果一个人成功的在家庭环境中,他或她将在应用技术专业在不同的文化同样成功。
Research has shown that failures in the overseas business setting most frequently result from an inability to understand and adapt to foreign ways of thinking and acting rather than from technical or professional incompetence. At home . businesspeople equip themselves with vast amount of knowledge of their employees, customers, and business partners. Market research provides detailed information on values, attitudes, and buying preferences of . consumers; middle-and upper-level managers are well versed in the intricacies of their organization’s culture; and labor negotiators must be highly sensitive to what motivates those on the other side of the table. Yet when North Americans turn to the international arena, they frequently are willing to deal with customers, employees, and fellow workers with a lack of information that at home would be unimaginable. 有研究表明,在海外业务设置故障最频繁地从一个无法理解和适应思维和行动,而不是从技术或专业无能的外交途径产生。
在家里,美国商人充实自己,他们的员工,客户和业务合作伙伴的知识,大量的。
市场研究提供了价值观,态度,以及美国消费者的购买偏好的详细信息;中层和高层管理者都深谙其组织文化的复杂性;和劳动谈判者必须是什么激励着那些在桌子的另一边高度敏感。
然而,当北美转向国际舞台上,他们经常愿意处理与客户,员工,和同事在缺乏信息,在家里是无法想象的。
The literature on international business is filled with examples of business miscues when . corporations attempted to operate in an international context. Some are mildly amusing. Others are downright embarrassing. All of them, to one degree or another, have been costly in terms of money, reputation, or both. For example, when American firms try to market their products in other countries, they often assume that if a marketing strategy or slogan is effective in Cleveland, it will be equally effective in other parts of the world. But problems arise when cultural context changes. 国际业务的文学充满了商业败走麦城的例子,当美国公司试图在国际范围内进行操作。
有些是轻度有趣。
其他都是彻头彻尾的尴尬。
所有这些,以或多或少,都在金钱,名誉,或两者而言是昂贵的。
例如,当美国公司试图推销他们的产品在其他国家,他们通常认为,如果一个营销战略或口号是有效的在克利夫兰,这将是同样有效的,在世界其他地区。
但问题出现时的文化背景的变化。
Just as inattention to the cultural context can result in some costly blunders in marketing and management, it also can affect seriously the success of international business negotiations. Time, effort, reputation, and even contracts can be lost because of cultural ignorance. The world is changing faster than most of us can calculate, and if American businesspersons are to meet the challenges of an increasingly interdependent world, they will need to develop a better understanding of how cultural variables influence international business enterprises. A healthy dialogue between cultures and members of the international business community will be an important step in achieving that needed understanding. 正如注意力不集中的文化背景可能会导致一些代价高昂的失误在营销和管理,它也可以影响严重的国际商务谈判的成功。
因为文化的无知时,省力,信誉,甚至合同可能会丢失。
世界在变化速度比我们大多数人可以计算,如果美国商人都满足日益相互依存的世界的挑战,他们需要更好地了解文化的变量是如何影响国际业务的企业。
文化和国际商界的成员之间健康的对话将是实现这一需要了解的重要一步。
参考范文
Understanding cultural differences plays a vital role in the success of an international business community. According to research, failures in the overseas business context are most constantly attributed to the fact that employees cannot understand and adapt to thinking and acting modes in another culture, instead of technical or professional inadequacy. . businesses frequently err when trying to run in an intern
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