学年重大版英语必修一配套文档Unit 3 Period Three 含答案.docx
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学年重大版英语必修一配套文档Unit 3 Period Three 含答案.docx
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学年重大版英语必修一配套文档Unit3PeriodThree含答案
PeriodThree Grammar&Writing
语法精析
一、概念
直接引述别人的原话,放在引号内,被引用的部分称作直接引语(TheDirectSpeech);用自己的话转述别人的话,不用引号,被转述的部分称作间接引语(TheIndirectSpeech)。
间接引语在句子结构上是复合句的宾语从句。
二、规则
英语中,将直接引语变为间接引语时要注意:
语序、主语、时态、人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、时间状语和地点状语等发生变化。
1.陈述句
直接引语是陈述句变为间接引语时,首先使用that引导,口语中that可以省略;主句谓语如果是saidto...须改为told;其他作下列变化:
(1)人称变化:
遵循“一从主,二从宾,第三人称不更新”的原则。
①“一从主”,即在直接引语变为间接引语时,如果从句中主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰,从句中的人称要按主句主语的人称进行变化。
“Ihavealreadydonemyhomework,”shetoldme.
→Shetoldmethatshehadalreadydoneherhomework.
②“二从宾”,即在直接引语变为间接引语时,若从句中的主语或宾语是第二人称或被第二人称所修饰,从句中的人称应与主句中宾语的人称一致。
Marysaidtome,“Yourmotherisgoingtothepartythedayaftertomorrow.”
→Marytoldmethatmymotherwasgoingtothepartyintwodays’time.
③“第三人称不更新”,即在直接引语变为间接引语时,从句中的第三人称不需要变化。
Mr.Smithsaid,“Robertisagoodworker.”
→Mr.SmithsaidthatRobertwasagoodworker.
[即时跟踪1]
单句改错
(1)ShesaidthatIwouldgotherethatevening.I→she
(2)Hesaidthatmyfamilyhadbeenthereformanyyears.my→his
(3)Heaskedmehowyourmotherwasthen.your→my
(2)时态变化:
如果主句谓语动词(即直接引语前面或后面的动词)是过去时态,直接引语变为间接引语时,时态必须和主句的过去形式一致。
即:
一般现在时→一般过去时
现在进行时→过去进行时
现在完成时→过去完成时
一般过去时→过去完成时
过去完成时→(不变)
一般将来时→过去将来时
注意 ①如果主句谓语动词是现在时态,变成间接引语时,时态不变。
Hesays,“Ihaveacceptedhersuggestion.”
→Hesaysthathehasacceptedhersuggestion.
Lucysays,“Idon’tlikemath.”
→Lucysaysthatshedoesn’tlikemath.
②如果直接引语是客观事实和真理,变成间接引语时,即使主句是过去时,时态也不变。
Ourteachersaid,“Lighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.”
→Ourteachersaidthatlighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.
③如果直接引语是一般过去时且有具体的过去时间,时态不变。
Hesaid,“Iwasbornin1998.”
→Hesaidthathewasbornin1998.
[即时跟踪2]
将下列直接引语变为间接引语
(1)Jimsaid,“I’mexpectingalongdistancecall.”
→Jimsaidthathewasexpectingalongdistancecall.
(2)Shesaid,“Ihavenotheardfrommyparentsforalongtime.”
→Shesaidthatshehadnotheardfromherparentsforalongtime.
(3)Hesaid,“Icametohelpyou.”
→Hesaidthathehadcometohelpme.
(4)Marysaid,“We’llhaveapartynextweek.”
→Marysaidthattheywouldhaveapartythenextweek.
(3)时间状语的变化:
now→then
today→thatday
yesterday→thedaybefore
tonight→thatnight
ago→before
tomorrow→thenext/followingday
nextweek→thenext/followingweek
lastnight→thenightbefore
lastweek→theweekbefore
(4)地点状语的变化:
here→there(如果说话的地点仍在原地,则仍用here。
)
(5)指示代词的变化:
this→that these→those
(6)表示方向的动词变化:
come→go bring→take(如果说话人地点仍在原地,则不变。
)
[即时跟踪3]
将下列直接引语变为间接引语
(1)Shesaid,“Iwillcomethisevening.”
→Shesaidthatshewouldgothatevening.
(2)Hesaid,“Itiseighto’clocknow.”
→Hesaidthatitwaseighto’clockthen.
(3)Tomsaid,“Ihaven’tseenJohntoday.”
→Tomsaidthathehadn’tseenJohnthatday.
(4)Shesaid,“Iwillbringmydictionaryheretomorrow.”
→Shesaidthatshewouldtakeherdictionarytherethenext/followingday.
(5)Hesaid,“Mysisterwasherethreedaysago.”
→Hesaidthathissisterhadbeentherethreedaysbefore.
2.一般疑问句
直接引语是一般疑问句变为间接引语时,除了人称、时态、时间、地点等作相应变化外,还有:
(1)主句中的said改为asked(sb.)。
(2)间接引语用if或whether引导。
(3)原直接引语中疑问句语序改为陈述句语序。
Shesaid,“Isyourfatherathome?
”
→Sheasked(me)whethermyfatherwasathome.
3.特殊疑问句
直接引语是特殊疑问句变为间接引语时,除了人称、时态、时间、地点等作相应变化外,还有:
(1)主句中的said改为asked(sb.)。
(2)直接引语中的疑问词不变。
(3)原直接引语中疑问句语序改为陈述句语序。
“WhatdoyoudoeverySundaymorning?
”myfriendaskedme.
→MyfriendaskedmewhatIdideverySundaymorning.
4.选择疑问句
直接引语是选择疑问句,除了有陈述句改为间接引语的那些变化外,还有:
(1)主句中的said改为asked,wondered等。
(2)间接引语由whether...or或if...or引导。
(3)原直接引语中的疑问句语序改为陈述句语序。
Hesaid,“Isthedooropenorclosed?
”
→Heaskedmewhether/ifthedoorwasopenorclosed.
5.反意疑问句
直接引语是反意疑问句,变间接引语时直接引语也变为由if或whether引导的宾语从句,用陈述语序。
“Youhaveworkedhereforalongtime,haven’tyou?
”heasked.
→Heasked(me)if/whetherIhadworkedthereforalongtime.
[即时跟踪4]
将下列句子变为间接引语或直接引语
(1)Tomsaid,“Canyoucomethisafternoon,John?
”
→Tomaskedif/whetherJohncouldgothatafternoon.
→TomaskedJohnif/whetherhecouldgothatafternoon.
(2)TheboyaskedmeifIwasateacher.
→Theboyasked,“Areyouateacher?
”
(3)Shesaidtome,“He’sheretoaskforhelp,isn’the?
”
→Sheaskedmeif/whetherhewastheretoaskforhelp.
(4)Mr.LiaskedSarawhatshewanted.
→Mr.Liasked,“Whatdoyouwant,Sara?
”
(5)“Doyouwanttogohomeorstayhere?
”sheasked.
→Sheasked(me)if/whetherIwantedtogohomeorstaythere.
高考链接
Ⅰ.填写空白处所需的内容(1个单词)或所提供单词的正确形式
1.Youhavetoknowwhereyou’regoingifyouaretoplanthebestwayofgettingthere.(2015·湖南,26)
2.WemustfindoutwhenKarliscoming,sowecanbookaroomforhim.(2015·重庆,8)
3.Jameshasjustarrived,butIdidn’tknowhewascoming(come)untilyesterday.(2014·重庆,8)
4.Expertsbelievethatpeoplecanwastelessfoodbyshoppingonlywhenitisnecessary.(2013·北京,33)
5.“Whatdoyouwanttobe?
”askedMrs.Crawford.“Oh,Iwillbe(be)president,”saidtheboy,withasmile.(2013·湖南,22)
6.Theshockingnewsmademerealizewhatterribleproblemswewouldface.(2011·北京,31)
Ⅱ.完成下列反意疑问句
1.—IspenttwoweeksinLondonlastsummer.
—ThenyoumusthavevisitedtheBritishMuseumduringyourstay,didn’tyou?
(2014·重庆,10)
2.Thereislittledoubtinyourmindthatheisinnocent,isthere?
(2012·江苏,25)
3.Itoldthemnoteverybodycouldrunasfastasyoudid,didn’tI?
(2011·重庆,28)
Ⅲ.单句改错(每小题仅有一处错误)
1.WhenIwasachild,Ihopedtoliveinthecity.IthinkIwouldbehappythere.(2015·全国Ⅰ,短文改错)
think→thought
2.Hello,boysandgirls!
Today,Iamgoingtotalkaboutwhatyoushoulddowhenafirealarmgooff.(2014·四川,短文改错)
go→goes
常用句式
1.IwassopleasedtoreceiveyourletterandIamwritingtotellyou...
2.InyourletteryouaskedmeforsomeadviceonhowtoimproveyourspokenEnglish.
3.Hereismyadvice./Myadviceforyouisthis./Myadviceisthat.../Myadviceisasfollows.
4.Youhadbetter.../Youmightaswell...
5.I’mlookingforwardtohearingfromyou.
典例展示
假定你是李华,你的笔友Jane最近总是感觉身体不适,因此写信向你询问如何保持健康。
请你根据以下要点提示给她回信。
1.合理饮食;
2.锻炼身体;
3.保证充足睡眠,不要熬夜。
注意:
1.词数100左右;
2.信的开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数;
3.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
DearJane,
I’msorrytohearthatyouarenotverywellthesedays.
Bestwishes.
Yourssincerely,
LiHua
联想词汇
1.保持健康stay/keephealthy
2.均衡饮食abalanceddiet
3.新鲜水果蔬菜freshfruitandvegetables
4.有规律的锻炼regularexercise
5.熬夜stayup
佳作背诵
DearJane,
I’msorrytohearthatyouarenotverywellthesedays.Inyourletteryouaskedmehowtostayhealthy.Hereismyadvice.
Firstly,youshouldkeepabalanceddiet.Youshouldavoideatingfoodhighinfatandtoomuchsweetfood.You’dbettereatmorefreshfruitandvegetables.Secondly,takingexerciseeverydayhelpsbuildingastrongbody.Whynottakemoreexerciseinyoursparetime?
Asweallknow,exerciseisanimportantpartofkeepingushealthy.Finally,makesureyouhaveenoughsleepandyoumustn’tstayuptoolateatnight.
Byeatingproperlyandexercisingregularly,youcankeepyourbodyataproperweightandstayhealthy.Itrulyhopemyadviceishelpfulandyou’llgetwellsoon.
Bestwishes.
Yourssincerely,
LiHua
Ⅰ.将下列直接引语变为间接引语
1.“Doyouknowwhatisgoingonnow?
”heaskedhismother.
→Heaskedhismotherwhether/ifsheknewwhatwasgoingonthen.
2.Hesaid,“Nothingistoodifficultifweputourheartintoit.”
→Hesaidthatnothingwastoodifficultifwe/theyputour/theirheartintoit.
3.“Iwenttouniversityinthe1960s,”hetoldhisstudents.
→Hetoldhisstudentsthathewenttouniversityinthe1960s.
4.Mr.Smithasked,“HowlongdidittakeyoutoflytoNewYork,John?
”
→Mr.SmithaskedJohnhowlongithadtakenhimtoflytoNewYork.
5.“Youhavefinishedyourhomework,haven’tyou?
”myfatherasked.
→Myfatheraskedmeif/whetherIhadfinishedmyhomework.
Ⅱ.完成句子
6.Mothertoldhersonthathemuststayathomeuntilshecameback.
妈妈告诉儿子一定要呆在家里直到她回来。
7.Ourgeographyteachertoldusthatthemoonmovesaroundtheearth.
地理老师告诉我们月球绕着地球转。
8.Shetoldmethatshewouldfinishtheworkthenextweek.
她告诉我她将在下一个星期完成工作。
9.TomaskedmewhetherIlikedtheredballorthebrownone.
汤姆问我是喜欢这个红色的球还是那个褐色的。
10.HeaskedmewhenIjoinedthearmy.
他问我是什么时候参军的。
Ⅲ.阅读理解
A
Therewasastorymanyyearsagoofaschoolteacher—Mrs.Thompson.Shetoldthechildrenonthefirstdaythatshelovedthemallthesame.Butthatwasalie.ThereinthefrontrowwasalittleboynamedTeddyStoddard.Hedidn’tplaywellwiththeotherchildrenandhealwaysneededabath.Shedidnotlikehim.
ThenMrs.ThompsongottoknowthatTeddywasactuallyaverygoodboybeforethedeathofhismother.Mrs.Thompsonwasashamedofherself.Shefeltevenworsewhen,likeallherotherstudents,TeddybroughtheraChristmaspresenttoo.Itwashismother’sperfume(香水).
Teddysaid,“Mrs.Thompson,todayyousmelljustlikemyMomusedto.”Suddenly,sherealizedthatwhatTeddyreallyneededwasmotherlylove.Afterthechildrenleftshecriedforatleastanhour.Onthatveryday,shestoppedteachingreading,writingandmath.Instead,shebegantoteachchildren.
Mrs.ThomsponpaidparticularattentiontoTeddy.Theboy’smindseemedtocomealive.Themoresheencouragedhim,thefasterheimproved.Bytheendofthesixthgrade,Teddyhadbecomeoneofthesmartestchildrenintheclass.
SixyearswentbybeforeshegotanotefromTeddy.Hewrotethathehadfinishedhighschool,thirdinhisclass,andshewasstillthebestteacherheeverhadinhiswholelife.Hewenttocollege.Mrs.Thompsongottwomorelettersfromhimwiththelastonesigned,TheodoreF.Stoddard,M.D.(医学博士).
Thestorydoesn’tendthere.Onhisweddingday,Dr.Stoddardwhispered(耳语)inMrs.Thompson’sear,“Thankyou,Mrs.Thompson,forencouragingme.YoumademefeelimportantandshowedmethatIcouldmakeadifference.”
Mrs.Thomspon,withtearsinhereyes,whisperedback,“Teddy,youhaveitallwrong.YouweretheonewhotaughtmethatIcouldmakeadifference.Ididn’tknow
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