《呼啸山庄》中希克厉人性的变化.docx
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《呼啸山庄》中希克厉人性的变化.docx
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《呼啸山庄》中希克厉人性的变化
学号:
NORTHCHINAUNIVERSITYOFSCIENCEANDTECHNOLOGY
毕业论文
GRADUATETHESIS
论文题目:
《呼啸山庄》中希克厉人性的变化
学生姓名:
专业班级:
11英语1班
学院:
外国语学院
指导教师:
2015年05月21日
TheChangeofHeathcliff’sHumanity
By
Agraduatethesis
submittedinpartialfulfillmentoftherequirements
forthedegreeofBachelorofArtstothe
CollegeofForeignLanguages
NorthChinaUniversityofScienceandTechnology
May21st,2015
摘要
《呼啸山庄》是英国女作家勃朗特姐妹之一艾米莉·勃朗特的作品,是19世纪英国文学的代表作之一。
小说描写吉卜赛弃儿希克厉被山庄老主人收养后,因受辱和恋爱不遂.外出致富。
回来后对与其女友凯瑟琳结婚的地主林顿及其子女进行报复的故事。
全篇充满强烈的反压迫、争幸福的斗争精神,又始终笼罩着离奇、紧张的浪漫气氛。
艾米莉·勃朗特在其短短30年的岁月里,仅留给后世唯一一部长篇小说。
这部小说一出版就遭到猛烈的抨击,有的学者说它是“一部骇人听闻的,荒谬绝伦的,毫无意义的作品”,“小说充满阴森恐怖病态心理和异教思想”,甚至有人嘲弄说“这部恐怖的,令人作呕的小说”。
但它经住了时间的考验,被誉为“最奇特的小说”,并在英国文学史上占据极其重要的地位,时至今日它仍以非凡的艺术魅力,鲜明的主题思想,使无数读者为之折服。
《呼啸山庄》中主人公是一个有争议的人物形象,多数关于小说的评论都是围绕着希克厉的人性中的善恶展开的,有人说他是拜伦式的英雄,或是被压迫工人阶级反抗的代表;还有人说他是灵魂扭曲的恶魔,或是丧失人性的疯狂复仇者。
本文将从多个角度分析男主人公希克厉人性的变化。
关键词人性;变化;希克厉
ABSTRACT
WutheringHeightsistheworkofEmilyBrontewhoisoneofEmilysister,istherepresentativeofthenineteenthCenturyEnglishliterature.ThenoveldepictsaGypsyHeathcliffadoptedbytheoldmasterofvilla,becausetheresultandfailinglovehegoouttomakemoneyandgetrich.WhenhewasreturnedhebegantorevengethelandlordLaytonwhomarriedCatherineandtheirchildren.Itisfullofstrongspiritofthestruggleagainstoppression,forhappiness,andalwayshangsoverthestrange,nervousromanticatmosphere.
InEmilyBronte’sshort30years,onlytowriteonenovel.Thisnovelispublishedbytheviolentattack,somescholarssaythatitis"afrightfultotheear,utterlyridiculous,meaninglessworks","thenovelfullofhorrormorbidityandheresy",andevensomepeopleridiculesaid"thisisahorrible,disgustingnovel".Butithasstoodthetestoftime,isknownas"themostpeculiarnovel",andoccupiedanimportantpositioninthehistoryofEnglishliterature,andtodayitisstillextraordinaryartisticcharm,distinctivetheme,makecountlessreadersforadmiration.
WutheringHeightsheroineisacontroversialcharacter,themajorityofcommentsaboutthenovelaroundHeathcliffinthehumannatureofgoodandevil,somepeoplesayheisByronhero,oroppressedtheworkingclassagainsttherepresentative;otherssayheisthesouloftwisteddemon,oristhelossofhumancrazyavenger.ThispaperwillanalyzethechangeoftheheroHeathcliffhumanityfrommultipleangles.
Keywordshumanity;change;heathcliff
CONTENTS
摘要I
ABSTRACTII
Chapter1Introduction1
1.1IntroductiononEmilyBronte1
1.2IntroductiononWutheringHeights2
1.3IntroductiononBackground2
1.4IntroductiononHumanity3
Chapter2LiteratureReviewandAnalysisofHeathcliff5
2.1LiteratureReview5
2.2AnalysisofHeathcliff6
Chapter3TheChangeofHeathcliff’sHumanity8
3.1TheColdnessofHumanity8
3.2TheLossofHumanity9
3.3TheReturnofHumanity11
Chapter4Conclusion12
BIBLIOGRAPHY13
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS14
Chapter1Introduction
WutheringHeightsistheonlypublishednovelbyEmilyBronte,AwomenwriterinnineteencenturyEnglishliterature.ThemaincontentofnovelisorganizedbythelovestorybetweenHeathcliffandCatherine.Love-hatred-revenge-restorationofhumanityonHeathcliffisnotonlytheessenceofthenovel,butalsothethreadthroughoutthenovel.ThisthesisattemptstodiscussthethemeofHeathcliff’srestorationofhumanity,byreviewingtheexperienceofHeathcliff.ThehighlightofthenovelisthelovestorybetweenHeathcliffandCatherine,whoselovehasexceededtheloveingeneralandreachedtheloveofanidealstate.However,becauseofthespecialenvironmenttheylivetheirwonderfuldreamcannotcometrueandtheirreunioncanonlyappearinheaven.Herethedeathofbodymeanstherebirthofspirit,therestorationofhumanityafterthedeath.InEmily’sminddeathisequaltoeternity,lifecangoonandlovecanrelight.Wherethereishumanbeing,thereislove.Thehumanitycanbedistorted,butcannotbedevoured;theexaltedlovewillwinoverthecruelrevengeintheend.
1.1IntroductiononEmilyBronte
EmilyBrontewasanEnglishnovelistandpoet.SheisconsideredasoneofthemostimportantfiguresinthenineteencenturyEnglishliterature.Wutheringheights,theonlynovelofEmilyBrontemakesherworldfamous.Theperfectcombiningofitspowerfulstyle,strangeimagination,mysteriousatmosphereandromanticpassionmakesWutheringHeightsauniqueworkofthegreatgenius.EmilyBrontewasbornwithoutanypeculiartalentforliterature.TheearlyreadingofEmilycamefromtheirfather’slibrary,whichheldworksofhistory,biographyandpoetry(especiallythecompleteworksofMiltonandByron).SisterCharlottesaidasmuchin1850tothereadingofWutheringHeight:
neitherNeitherEmilynorAnnewaslearned;theyhadnothoughtoffillingtheirpitchersatthewell-springofotherminds;theyalwayswrotefromtheimpulseofnature,thedictatesofintuitionandfromsuchstoresofobservationastheirlimitedexperiencehadenabledthemtoamass.EmilyBronteisdifferentfromothercontemporarywriters.Herimaginationisnarrow,butmoreintense.Sheseesless,butwhatsheseesisabsolutelypresent:
noneofwritershasdescribesthemoors,thewind,thesky,withthepassionatefidelityasher,butthisisallofnaturethatshedescribes.ThepowerandcharmingofEmilyBronte’snoveldoesn’tlieinnaturalisticdescription,orinadetailedanalysisoftheissuesofsocialliving.
1.2IntroductiononWutheringHeights
WutheringHeightsisEmilyBronte'sonlynovel.WrittenbetweenOctober1845andJune1846andpublishedin1847underthepseudonym″EllisBell″.WutheringHeightsisthenameofthefarmhousewherethestoryunfolds.Theessay’smainthemeisthedestructiveeffectofjealousyandvengefulnessbothonthejealousorvengefulindividualsandontheircommunities.AlthoughWutheringHeightsisnowwidelyregardedasaclassicofEnglishliterature,contemporaryreviewsforthenovelweredeeplypolarized;itwasconsideredcontroversialbecauseitsdepictionofmentalandphysicalcrueltywasunusuallystark,anditchallengedstrictVictorianidealsoftheday,includingreligioushypocrisy,morality,socialclassesandgenderinequality.
WutheringHeightscentersonthestoryofHeathcliff.HeisanorphanbroughttoliveatWutheringHeightsbyMr.Earnshaw,Heathclifffallsintoanintense,unbreakablelovewithMr.Earnshaw’sdaughterCatherine.AfterMr.Earnshawdies,hisresentfulsonHindleyabusesHeathcliffandtreatshimasaservant.Becauseofherdesireforsocialprominence,CatherinemarriesEdgarLintoninsteadofHeathcliff.Heathcliff’shumiliationandmiseryprompthimtospendmostoftherestofhislifeseekingrevengeonHindley,hisbelovedCatherine,andtheirrespectivechildren(HarletonandyoungCatherine).Apowerful,fierce,andoftencruelman,HeathcliffacquireafortuneanduseshisextraordinarypowersofwilltoacquirebothWutheringHeightsandThrushcrossGrange,theestateofEdgarLinton.
1.3IntroductiononBackground
EmilyBrontelivedinVictorianTimesforthreedecades.ThosethreedecadesaretheeraofunrestsocietyintheUnitedKingdom.ThepoetWilliamBlake,writingneartheturnofthenineteenthcentury,speaksofEngland’s“darkSatanicMills”Thattime,theIndustrialRevolutionaffectedalltheEngland,eventhewholeworld:
capitalismwasdevelopingandincreasingexposuretoitsinherentdefects.Followedbyaconflictbetweenworkersandcapitalists,thegovernmenthadissuedanumberoflawstoprotecttheinterestsoftherich,sothegapbetweenrichandpoorwasgrowing.Theunemployedworkerswereinpovertyandalargenumberoflaborshadbeenbrutallytorturedtodeath.Thiswasfollowedbytheoutbreakofthefamous"Charterofmovement",andtheBritishGovernmenttookhigh-pressureondemocraticstruggleandthelabormovement.Thattime,everyEnglishman'smindwaslikegoingthroughahurricane,eveninnorthremoteareas,thelandownerscouldnolongerbelikebeforethathadnothingtosuffer.Ourwriter,EmilyBronte,wasborninthiseraofstruggle.
WutheringHeightisbasedpartlyontheGothictraditionofthelateeighteenthcentury,astyleofliteraturethatfeaturedsupernaturalencounters,crumblingruins,moonlessnights,andgrotesqueimagery,seekingtocreateeffectofmysteryandfear.Thebulkofitspopularitymayrestonitsunforgettablecharacters.AsashatteringpresentationofthedoomedloveaffairbetweenthefiercelypassionateCatherineandHeathcliff,itremainsoneofthemosthauntinglovestoriesinallofliterature.Astimepassesby,WutheringHeightshasgainedmoreandmoreattention.Throughoutthehundredyearsthescholarshaveattainedremarkableachievementsfromdifferentpointsofview,suchasthemes,narrativeskills,writingstyle,language,andfeminism.ThispapertriestoanalysisthechangeofHeathcliff’shumanityonWutheringheights.
1.4IntroductiononHumanity
Humannatureisabasicconceptinphilosophy.Sinceancienttimes,therearesomanydisputesaboutwhatisthehumannature.ThephilosopherofancientGreecethoughtthathumannatureiscomposedofoneormorequality.Thesequalitiesdeterminethedifferencebetweenhumanandotheranimal.TheBiblesinissinthatallmen,becausetheyareinherentlyinheritedhumanancestorAdam'ssin.However,thebeginningofThreeCharacterClassicisMenattheirbirth,aregoodinnature.Itcanbeseenthatsofarfortheconceptofhumannaturehasnotconsistentconclusion.Butwecan'tdenythattheworldofhumanlifeisnotperfect,itisfullofgreedandugly.Humannatureisbenevolencesideandaninhibitionofe
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- 关 键 词:
- 呼啸山庄 呼啸 山庄 中希克厉 人性 变化
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