小学英语介词汇总.docx
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小学英语介词汇总.docx
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小学英语介词汇总
小学英语介词总结介词(Preposition)
一、概述
介词是英语中很活跃的词,一般置于名词之前。
它常和名词或名词性词语构成介词短语。
同一个介词常和不同的词语搭配形成固定搭配,表示不同意义。
二、常用介词的基本用法
简单介词(由一个单词构成)如at,from,by,under,near等。
复合介词(由介词与介词或其他词合成的一个介词)into,inside,outside,
within等。
双重介词(由两个简单介词联合形成)如fromacross,sincebefore等。
短语介词(由两个或两个以上构成的介词词组)如becauseof,insteadof等。
1.表示地点位置的介词
1)at,in,on,to,for
at
(1)表示在小地方;
(2)表示“在……附近,旁边”
in
(1)表示在大地方;
(2)表示“在…范围之内”。
on表示毗邻,接壤,“在……上面”。
to表示在……范围外,不强调是否接壤;或“到……”
2)above,over,on在……上
above指在……上方,不强调是否垂直,与below相对;Thebirdisflying
abovemyhead.
over指垂直的上方,与under相对,但over与物体有一定的空间,不直接接触。
Thereisabridgeovertheriver.
on表示某物体上面并与之接触。
Heputhiswatchonthedesk.
3)below,under在……下面
under表示在…正下方Thereisacatunderthetable.
below表示在……下,不一定在正下方Pleasewriteyournamebelowtheline.
4)infrontof,inthefrontof在……前面
infrontof…意思是“在……前面”,指甲物在乙物之前,两者互不包括;其反义词是behind(在……的后面)。
Therearesomeflowersinfrontofthe
house.(房子前面有些花卉。
)
inthefrontof意思是“在…..的前部”,即甲物在乙物的内部.反义词是at
thebackof…(在……范围内的后部)。
Thereisablackboardinthefront
ofourclassroom.我们的教室前边有一块黑板。
Ourteacherstandsinthe
frontoftheclassroom.我们的老师站在教室前.(老师在教室里)
5)beside,behind
beside表示在……旁边
behind表示在……后面
2.表示时间的介词
1)in,on,at在……时
in表示较长时间,如世纪、朝代、时代、年、季节、月及一般(非特指)的早、中、晚等。
如inthe20thcentury,inthe1950s,in1989,insummer,in
January,inthemorning,inone'slife,inone'sthirties等。
on表示具体某一天及其早、中、晚。
如onMay1st,onMonday,on
morning,
fineaonJanuary,innightcoldaonDay,s'YearNew,onChristmas
onSundayafternoon等。
at表示某一时刻或较短暂的时间,或泛指圣诞节,复活节等。
如at3:
20,at
thistimeofyear,atthebeginningof,attheendof…,attheageof…,
atnight,atnoon,atthismoment等。
注意:
在last,next,this,that,
some,every等词之前一律不用介词。
如:
Wemeeteveryday.
2)表示延续时间的介词
“in+段时间”表示将来的一段时间以后;Hewillbebackintwohours.
for历时...之久LisastudiesEnglishfortwohoursafterschool.
since自从.......以来,通常与完成时连用Theyhavebeenclosefriends
sincechildhood.
时间名词前介词用法口诀年前月前要用in具体日子要用on遇到几号也用on上午下午得是in要说某日上下午用on换in记清楚午夜黄昏用at
黎明用它也不错at用在时分前说“差”可要用上to(比如:
3:
55为fiveto
four)说过''要用past(如:
4:
05,fivepastfour)
3.表示运动方向的介词:
across,through通过,穿过
across表示横过,即从物体表面通过acrosstheroad
through穿过,即从物体内部穿过gothroughtheforest
4.表示“在……之间”的介词:
between指在两个人或两个事物之间;
among指在三个或三个以上的人或事物之间。
5.表示其他意义的介词
1)on,about关于
on表示这本书,这篇文章或演说是严肃的,或学术性的,可供专门研究这一问题的人阅读;Heiswritingabookonbiology.
about表示内容较为普通,不那么正式。
HeisreadingabookaboutEnglish.
2)by,with,in表示方法、手段、工具
by以……方法、手段或泛指某种交通工具;bybus
with表示用…工具、手段,一般接具体的工具和手段;Hewriteswithapen.
in表示用…方式,用…语言(语调、笔墨、颜色)等;CanyousayitinEnglish?
Igotoschoolinmyfather'scar.
3)except,besides除了
except除……之外,不包括在内;ExceptforMr.Wang,wewenttoseethe
film.(王先生没去)
besides除……之外,包括在内。
BesidesMr.Wang,wealsowenttosee
thefilm.(王先生也去了)
三、介词的固定搭配
1)介词和名词的连用2)动词和介词的连用
atarriveat/in到达
atfirst起初;开始getoff下车
atlast最后helpsb.Withsth.帮组某人做某事
请求askfor在上课,在上学atschool
atthemoment此刻getup起床
athome在家;无拘束laughat嘲笑
atpresent现在learnfrom向……学习
atwork上班,在工作lookafter照顾
atthesametime同时lookfor寻找
thinkfor想到
worryabout担心
onduty值日listento听谁
onholiday度假lookat看;注视
ontime准时talkabout交谈;谈
ontheleft/right在左/右边waitfor等候;等
ontheradio在广播中thankfor为……而感谢
onfoot步行
onsale出售;降价出售3)形容词和介词连用
onTV在电视上播放beafraidof害怕
onthephone在电话中becarefulwith小心;关心
ontheway在路上beinterestedin对……感兴趣
begoodat善于
inall总体becrazyabout酷爱
inclass在课堂上belatefor做某事迟到
inEnglish用英语begoodfor对……有利
inshort总之4)其他
inahurry匆忙地by+交通工具
intheend最后bybus/train/plane/air/ship/bike/sea/land…
inbed躺在床上lotsof/alotof许多,大量
indanger在危险中atmost至多
infact事实上atleast至少
intime及时地atonce立刻;马上
inaminute立刻inorderto为了
初中英语介词专项练习题
1
()1Childrengetgifts____Christmasand____theirbirthdays.
A.on;onB.at;onC.in;inD.in;on
()2-Thereisnothing____tomorrowafternoon,isthere?
-No.Wecanhaveagameoftabletennis.
A.onB.inC.outD.up
()3Alotofstudentsinourschoolwereborn____March,1981.
A.inB.atC.onD.since
()4Timsuddenlyreturned____arainynight.
A.onB.atC.inD.during
()5Mygrandfatherwasborn____Oct.10,1935.
A.onB.inC.atD.of
()6Thetrainisstarting___fiveminutes.
A.inB.atC.forD.still
()7Mikedoeshisexercises____seven_____theevening.
A.on;toB.at;inC.by;ofD.at;on
2
()1Thepopulationoftheworldhasgrownveryfast____fourhundred
years.
A.forpasttheB.inthepassC.inthepastD.forpast
()2Wereturnedtoourhometown___.
A.nextweekB.inthelastweekC.lastweekD.foraweek
3
()1Childrenwakeupveryearly____themorningofChristmasDay.
A.inB.onC.forD.at
()2____acoldwintermorning,Imetherinthestreet.
A.InB.OnC.AtD.For
()3Ithappenedtobeverycold____themorningofoursportsmeeting.
A.atB.onC.withD.of
()4Whydidyougetupsoearly___thismorning.
A.onB./C.atD.in
4
()1HewenttoShanghai___September3rd,1991andcameback___acold
morninglastyear.
A.in;onB.on;inC.on;onD.in;ia
()2Lucywasborn____thenightofMay12,1984.....
A.onB.inC.atD.to
()3MrsBrowncametoChina____1996.
A.onB.ofC.to,D.in
()4___themorningofNovember20,1915,theworkerscametoChicago
toshowtheirmourning(哀悼)___JoeHill.
A.On;toB.In;of.C.On;for,D.At;for
()5Annmoved___Hangzhou___September,1992.
A./;iniB.to;inC.to;onD,in;in
()6Theystartedoff___anautumnafternoon.
A.duringB.atC.inD.on
5
()1Heoftengoes____school____sixthirty____themorning.
A.for;to;inB.to;atinC.to;for;atD,for;at;to
()2Hearrived___Shanghai___9:
30___March5.
A.at;in;atB.to;on;atC.in;on;atD.in;at;on
()3TheEnglishteachertoldmetogetthere____halfpastten.
A:
inB.atC.onD.of
()4Thechildrengetup___6o'clock.
A.atB.onC.duringD.in
6
()1Thedoctorworked___fivehours___arest.
A.for;withB.on;without
C.about;havingD.for;without
()2Iworkedontheproblem____alongtimeandIworkedit
out____myself____last.
A.for;by;atB.in;with;on
C.on;by;inD.for;for;atthe
()3Anewfactorywillbesetup___ayear.
A.forB.inC.afterD.on
()4Twoyears___hebegantowriteanotherstory-book.
A.afterB.later;C.inD.late
()5Wewillfinishthepicture____aday.
A.inB.onC.afterD.on
()6Theworkershadbeen____strike____almostamonth.
A.on;inB.at;inC.on;forD.on;during
()7MrBrownhadlain____theground____fourhoursbeforetheyfinally
foundhim.
A.on;forB.at;inC.on;afterD.in;during
7
()1Theteacheriscomingback___anhour.
A.afterB.forC.inD.before
()2Shelivedinthemountainvillage____theyears1940-1950.
A.betweenB.duringC.inD.since
()3MissWangwillcometoBeijing____twodays.
A.afterB.inC.onD.before
()4TheAmericanCivilWarlastedfouryearsbeforetheNorthwon____
theend.
A.byB.atC.inD.on
8
()7Maryhadfinishedherhomework____thetimeIgothome.
A.untilB.byC.atD.when
()2Westayedatthelab___ourteacherreturned.
A.tillB.byC.duringD.while
9
1Don'tworry.Hewillreturn____.
A.beforelongB.longbeforeC.longlongagoD.longago
2Therelivedanoldman,fishingatsea____.
A.longbeforeB.beforelongC.longtimeagoD.soon
3Itwasnot_____theycameback.
A.longbeforeB.beforelongC.longtimebeforeD.longafter
4IwastoldthathisunclehadgonetoFrance____.
A.longbefore-B.shortlyafterC.beforelongD.longago
10
()1___Tomgetsupatfiveinthemorning.
A.SometimeB.SometimesC.SometimeD.Sometimes
()2Irememberwemeteachother___lastyear.
A.SometimeB.sometimesC.sometimeD.sometimes
()3MaryandIhavebeentotheGreatWall,___.
A.sometimeB.sometimeC.sometimesD.sometimes
()4HestudiedEnglishfor____inLondon,andthenhewenttoAmerica.
A.sometimesB.sometimenew
B.sometimeB.sometimes
11
()1Idon'tliketosit___Tom'sright.Iwouldliketosit___the
backrow.
A.on;inB.in;onC.on;atD.at;on
()2Thereisabrook____redflowersandgreengrass___bothsides.
A.ofwithB.with;onC.of;atD.with;in
()3Therearemanytrees___oftheroad!
And____ofthetreesis
growinglargerandlarger.......
A.onbothside;anumberB.oneachsides;anumber
C.onbothsides;thenumberD.oneveryside;thenumber
12
()1Theplaneisflying_____.
A.intheskyB.in.theairC.inspaceD.insky
()2Thereisasweetsmell___.
A.intheairB.intheopenairC.intheskyD.inthespace
()3Weheldaninterestingparty___.
A.intheairB.intheskyC.intheopenairD.inspace
()4Seenfrom___,theearthappearstobeabigblueball.
A.thespaceB.spaceC.aspaceD.thisspace
13
()1Tomsits____theclassroomwhileJohnsits____theroom.
A.infrontof;atbackofB.inthefrontof;atthebackof
C.infrontof;atthebackofD.inthefrontof;atbackof
()2Lucysits____thethirdrow,____Jim'sleft.
A.on;onB.in;atC.at;inD.in;on
()3Jiangsuis___theeastofChina,butJapanis___theeastofChina.
A.to;inB.in;to.C.on;toD.to;on
14
()1.-CanIlookupaword____yourdictionary?
-Ihaven'tgotit____me.
A.into;aboutB.in;withC.at;inD.on;on
()2Ilikemooncakes____meat____them.
A
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