黑龙江省大庆市喇中材料高中英语阅读科普环保类.docx
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黑龙江省大庆市喇中材料高中英语阅读科普环保类.docx
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黑龙江省大庆市喇中材料高中英语阅读科普环保类
高中英语阅读——科普环保类
1、阅读下面短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项。
Howcouldwepossiblythinkthatkeepinganimalsincagesinunnaturalenvironments-mostlyforentertainmentpurposes- isfairandrespectful?
Zooofficialssaytheyareconcernedaboutanimals.However,mostzoosremain“collections”ofinteresting“things”ratherthanprotectivehabitats.Zoosteachpeoplethatitisacceptabletokeepanimalsbored,lonely,andfarfromtheirnaturalhomes.
Zoosclaimtoeducatepeopleandsaveendangeredspecies,butvisitorsleavezooswithouthavinglearnedanythingmeaningfulabouttheanimals’naturalbehavior,intelligence,orbeauty.Zooskeepanimalsinsmallspacesorcages,andmostsignsonlymentionthespecies’name,diet,andnaturalrange.Theanimals’normalbehaviorisseldomnoticedbecausezoosdon’tusuallytakecareoftheanimals’naturalneeds.
Theanimalsarekepttogetherinsmallspaces,withnoprivacyandlittleopportunityformentalandphysicalexercise.Thisresultsinunusuallyandself-destructivebehaviorcalledzoochosis.Aworldwidestudyofzoosfoundthatzoochosisiscommonamonganimalskeptinsmallspacesorcages.Anotherstudyshowedthatelephantsspend22percentoftheirtimemakingrepeatedheadmovementsorbitingcagebars,andbearsspend30percentoftheirtimewalkingbackandforth,asignofunhappinessandpain.
Furthermore,mostanimalsinzoosarenotendangered.Captivebreeding(圈养繁殖)ofendangeredbigcats,Asianelephants,andotherspecieshasnotresultedintheirbeingsentbacktothewild.Zoostalkalotabouttheircaptivebreedingprogramsbecausetheydonotwantpeopletoworryaboutaspeciesdyingout.Infact,babyanimalsalsoattractalotofpayingcustomers.Haven’tweseenenoughcompetitionstonamebabyanimals?
Actually,wewillsaveendangeredspeciesonlyifwesavetheirhabitatsandputanendtothereasonspeoplekillthem.Insteadofsupportingzoos,weshouldsupportgroupsthatworktoprotectanimals’naturalhabitats.
【小题1】Howwouldtheauthordescribetheanimals’lifeinzoos?
A.Dangerous.
B.Unhappy.
C.Natural.
D.Easy.
【小题2】Inthestateofzoochosis,animals_________.
A.remainincages
B.behavestrangely
C.attackotheranimals
D.enjoymovingaround
【小题3】Whatdoestheauthortrytoargueinthepassage?
A.Zoosarenotworththepublicsupport.
B.Zoosfailintheirattempttosaveanimals.
C.Zoosshouldtreatanimalsashumanbeings.
D.Zoosuseanimalsasameansofentertainment.
【小题4】Theauthortriestopersuadereaderstoaccepthisargumentmainlyby_________.
A.pointingoutthefaultsinwhatzoosdo
B.usingevidencehehascollectedatzoos
C.questioningthewayanimalsareprotected
D.discussingtheadvantagesofnaturalhabitats
2、YoumayhaveneverheardofLanthanum,CeriumorNeodymium,buttheseelements(元素)andothersknownas“rareearth”playamajorroleinmoderntechnology.Theycanactuallybefoundinmanyplacesontheearth,butnotinquantitiesthatcanbemined.Onlyafewcountries—China,America,India,Australia,BrazilandMalaysiahaveanythatcanbeminedenoughtobetraded.
EventhoughsomeoftheseelementssuchasCeriumareasabundantasCopper,theyarenotfoundinconcentratedamountsontheearth’ssurface.Theyareoftenmixedtogetherwithothermetals,whichmakesextraction(提取)oftheseelementsanexpensiveandanenvironmentallymessyprocess.Itwasduetothisreasonthattheterm“rareearth”wasinvented.
Rareearthmetalsareusedwidelyinourlife.Rechargeablecarbatteries,computers,iPhones,DVDplayers,computermonitors,televisions,lighting,lasers,glasspolishing,andsuperconductorsallusequantitiesofrareearthmetals.Also,withtheadvancementin“green”technologylikesolarpanels,theseshinymaterialsarebecomingmoreimportantthanever.Anaverageelectriccaruses10poundsofLanthanumforitsrechargeablebattery!
Americahaslargedeposits(存储量)ofrareearthsandhasoneofthefirstmines.ItwasopenedinSouthernCaliforniain1940.Theelement“Europium”wasthefirstmetaltobeseparatedinquantityforuseincolortelevisions.However,inthe1980’sand1990’s,asChinastartedproducingtheseelementsinInnerMongolia,theminesinAmericaandelsewherecouldnotkeeppace.ThemineinMountainPass,Californiaalsofailedenvironmentalregulationsandshutdownin2002.
Now,recognizingtheimportanceofhavingmorethanonesupplierofthisimportantresource,otherrareearthowningcountrieslikeIndiaandAustraliaareeitherdustingofftheirrareearthminesorspeedinguptheirproduction.Itisbelievedthatthedebateoverrareearthswillbecomelouderinthecomingmonthsandyears.
【小题1】Whatcanwelearnaboutrareearths?
A.TheyareactuallyasabundantasCopper.
B.Theycanbeminedeasilyasothermetals.
C.Theycanonlybefoundinafewcountries.
D.Theyarenotreallyasrareastheyarenamed.
【小题2】ComparedwithChina,America_____.
A.paidmoreattentiontoEuropium
B.haslargerdepositsofrareearths
C.startedproducingrareearthsearlier
D.hasmorerareearthmines
【小题3】Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthatrareearths_____.
A.arenowingreatdemand
B.cannowbeusedinfewfields
C.areharmfultotheenvironment
D.willsoonbereplacedbyothermetals
3、Mosquitoeshaveanextraordinaryabilitytotargethumansfarawayandflystraighttotheirunprotectedskin.Regrettably,mosquitoescandomorethancauseanitchy(发痒的)wound.Somemosquitoesspreadseveralseriousdiseases,includingDengue,yellowfeverand malaria.
Overonemillionpeopleworldwidediefromthesediseaseseachyear.Newresearchnow showshowmosquitoeschoosewhotobite.
Mosquitoesneedbloodtosurvive.Theyareattractedtohumanskinandbreath.Theysmellthecarbondioxidegas,whichallmammalsbreatheout.Thisgasisthemainwayformosquitoestoknowthatawarm-bloodedcreatureisnearby.
Butmosquitoesalsousetheireyesandsenseoftouch.MichaelDickinsonisaprofessorattheCaliforniaInstituteofTechnology.Hisresearchshowshowthesesmallinsects,withevensmallerbrains,usethreesensestofindabloodmeal.
MichaelDickinson’steamusedplumes—amaterialthatrisesintotheairofcarbondioxidegasintoawindtunnel.Theythenusedcamerastorecordthemosquitoes.Theinsectsfollowedtheplume.
Then,thescientistsplaceddarkobjectsonthelighter coloredfloorandwallsofthe tunnel.Mr.Dickinsonsaid,atfirst,themosquitoesshowednointerestintheobjectsatall. “Whatwasquitestrikingandquitesurprisingisthatthemosquitoesflybackandforthforhours.Thesearehungryfemalesandtheycompletelyignoretheobjectsonthefloorandwallofthetunnel.ButthemomenttheygetahitofCO2,theychangetheirbehaviorquiteobviouslyandnowwouldbecomeattractedtotheselittlevisualblobs(斑点).”
Thissuggestedtotheresearchersthatamosquito’ssenseofsmellismoreimportantinthesearchforfood.Oncemosquitoescatchasmellofahuman oranimal,theyalsofollow visualsignals.
【小题1】Whatdomosquitoesmainlyusetofindtheirtargets?
A.Senseofsmell.B.Senseoftouch.
C.Senseofsight.D.Smartbrains.
【小题2】Thefirstresponseofthemosquitoestotheobjectsintheexperimentis .
A.toflytothedarkones
B.tocatchandsticktothem
C.totakenonoticeofthem
D.toattachthemselvestothem
【小题3】Howcanweavoidbeingattackedbymosquitoesaccordingtothetext?
A.Don’tletthemseeus.
B.Usedarkobjectstostopthem.
C.Makethemflybackandforthforhours.
D.Attractthemtoobjectsfullofcarbondioxidegas.
【小题4】Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?
A.HowDoMosquitoesSurvive?
B.WhyDoMosquitoesNeedBlood?
C.HowDoMosquitoesChoosetoBiteYou?
D.WhyDoMosquitoesAttacktheHumanBeing?
4、Thewaywecookisimportant.Inmanycountries,thetwosourcesofheatusedforcookingarenaturalgasorelectricstoves.TheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)warnsthatmillionsofpeoplearedyingeveryyearfromindoorairpollution.TheWHOfindsthatpoorcooking,heatingandlightingtechnologiesarekillingmillionsofpeopleeachyear.
Indoorairpollutionresultsfromtheuseofdangerousfuelsandcookstovesinthehome.WHOofficialssaynearlythreebillionpeopleareunabletousecleanfuelsandtechnologiesforcooking,heatingandlighting.Andtheysaymorethansevenmillionpeoplediefromexposuretoindoororoutdoorairpollutioneachyear.Ofthatnumber,theWHOsaysabout4.3millionpeoplediefromhouseholdairpollutiongivenoff bysimplebiomass(生物燃料)andcoalstoves.
Thesefindingsshowthatthehomeuseofpoisonousfuelsistoblameformanyofthesedeaths.Thesefuelsincludewood,coal,animalwasteandsoon.CarlosDoraisCoordinatorintheWHO’sDepartmentofPublicHealth,EnvironmentalandSocialDeterminantsofHealth.Hesayspeopleshouldnotuseunprocessedcoalandkerosene(煤油)fuelindoors.Hesaysopeningawindowordoortoletouttheharmfulairwillnotcorrectthesituation.Itwillonlypollutetheoutdoors.“Newtechnologiesandcleanfuelscanridpeopleofthisproblem.”
TheUnitedNationsfoundthatmorethan95percentoffamiliesinsub-SaharanAfricadependonsolidfuelsforcooking.ItsayshugepopulationsinIndia,ChinaandLatinAmericancountries,suchasGuatemalaandPeru,arealsoatrisk.
NigelBruceisaprofessorofPublicHealthattheUniversityofLiverpool.Hesaysresearchersaredevelopinggoodstovesandotherequipmenttoburnfuelsinamoreefficientway.“Therearealreadymanytechnologiesforcleanfuelsavailablenow.Aneffectiveandreasonablylow-costethanol(酒精)stovethatismadebyDometic(aSweden-basedcompany)isnowbeingtestedout.Anotherintere
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- 关 键 词:
- 黑龙江省 大庆市 材料 高中英语 阅读 科普 环保
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