河北省承德市第一中学学年高二英语下学期第三次周测试题.docx
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河北省承德市第一中学学年高二英语下学期第三次周测试题.docx
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河北省承德市第一中学学年高二英语下学期第三次周测试题
某某省某某市第一中学2020-2021学年高二英语下学期第三次周测试题
本试卷满分100分,时间45分钟
I.阅读理解(每题2.5分,总分27.5分)
A
Whales,likedolphins,belongtoagroupofmammalscalled“cetaceans”.ThisnameesfromaLatinwordmeaning“largeseaanimals”.Thereareatleastseventy-fivekindsofcetaceans.Scientistsdividethevariouskindsintotwomajorgroups—baleenwhales,whichdonothaveteeth,andtoothedwhales,whichhaveteeth.Whaleshavethesamebasicshapeasfish,buttheydifferfromfishinmanyways.Themostnoticeabledifferenceisthetail.Fishhaveverticaltailfins(鳍),butwhaleshavehorizontaltailfins.Fishbreathebymeansofgills(鳃),whilewhaleshavelungsandmustetothesurfacetobreathe.Buttheycanholdtheirbreathforlongperiods.
Likeothermammals,whalesgivebirthtoliveyoungandfeedthemwithmilkproducedbythemother’sbody.Mostfish,however,layeggsanddonotfeedtheiryoung.Whalesarealsowarm-blooded—thatis,theirbodytemperatureremainsaboutthesameallthetime.Almostallfisharecold-blooded.Theirbodytemperaturechangeswithchangesinthetemperatureofthewater.
Whaleshaveahighlydevelopedbrainandtheyarehighlyadvancedlifeforms.Theysingtotheiryoung,engageinplexfamilyrelationships,andtheirmunicationskillsarefine.
InDecember2005,awhale,afterbeingrescuedfromfishingnets,didn’tjustswimbacktodeepwater.Ithungaroundandtouchedeachofthediverswithitsmouth.“Knowingthatitwasfree,itstoppedaboutafootawayfromme,pushedmearoundalittlebitandhadsomefun,”saiddivemasterJamesMoskito.Hethoughtitwas“oneofthemostfantasticmoments”ofhislife.
1.AccordingtoParagraph1,whichofthefollowingshowsthecorrectrelationship?
A.Mammalsareatypeofcetacean.B.Cetaceansarenotatypeofmammal.
C.Whalesbelongtothecetaceanfamily.D.Mammalsareatypeofwhale.
2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTadifferencebetweenwhalesandfish?
A.Whalesbreathebymeansoflungs.
B.Whaleshavetailfins.
C.Whalesfeedtheiryoungwithmilk.
D.Awhale’sbodytemperaturenearlydoesn’tchange.
3.Whydidn’tthewhaleswimbacktotheseaafteritwassaved?
A.Itlostitswayinthesea.B.Itwasseriouslywounded.
C.Itwasfrightenedbythedivers.D.Itwantedtothankthedivers.
B
Someyearsago,MichelAndrefoundhimselfstaringatthebodyofadeadwhaleonabeachintheCanaryIslands.Itwasobviousthattheanimalhadbeenstruckviolentlybyaship—butwhy?
Onlylater,aftersurveyingthewhaleswhichlivedintheareaandmeasuringtheincreaseofsoundpollutionfromshipsdiditbeeclearthattherewasalink.
Thewhaleshadbeedesensitisedtothenoiseofapproachingboatsandwerebeingstruckbythem,oftenseriously.“Weneverthoughtthatthiscouldbesomethingthatcouldkill,”recallsAndre,whoisthedirectoroftheLaboratoryofAppliedBioacousticsattheTechnicalUniversityofCatalonia,Barcelona.
Andrehasspent20yearsdevelopinganadvancedsystemtobetterunderstandwhyincidentslikethishappen.Hisunderwatermicrophoneshaveexposedaworldofdeafeningsoundandanimalmunicationneverobservedwithsuchclarity(清晰)before.
Itwasnotaneasytask.Soundwavesdon’ttravelthroughwaterintheuniform,predictablewaytheydothroughtheair.Instead,thetemperature,salinity(盐度)and,flowofwaterhavegreateffectsontheirpath.
Whatcanbedone?
Onesolutionistochangeshippingroutestocourseswhereshipsarestatisticallylesslikelytomeetanimals.It’salsopossibletoslowshipsdownto18km/horless,whichislesslikelytoseriouslyinjureawhale.
Asfordealingwiththerootcauseoftheproblem,theUN’sInternationalMaritimeOrganisationhasalreadypublishedguidelinesonhowtoquietenships,butitwillbeawhilebeforetheeffectsofsuchchangesmightbeobserved.
“Theoceanisnotourworld,”mentsAndre.Butitisourstolookafter.Andthankstohiswork,wecanbetterunderstandtheeffectsofsubseasoundpollution.
4.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“desensitised”inParagraph2mean?
A.Stubborn.B.Flexible.C.Dull.D.Friendly.
5.What’sonewaytosolvetheproblemaccordingtothetext?
A.Tolowerthespeedofships.
B.Toreducethenumberofships.
C.Tosetuppreservesunderthesea.
D.Togivetheinjuredanimalstimelytreatment.
6.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardswhatMichelAndrehasdone?
A.Doubtful.B.Disapproving.C.Positive.D.Uncaring.
7.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?
A.Agreatexpert.B.Noiseinthesea.
C.Animalsinthesea.D.Seaexplorationtechnology.
C
Californiahaslosthalfitsbigtreessincethe1930s,accordingtoastudytobepublishedTuesdayandclimatechangeseemstobeamajorfactor(因素).
Thenumberoftreeslargerthantwofeetacrosshasdeclinedby50percentonmorethan46,000squaremilesofCaliforniaforests,thenewstudyfinds.Noareawassparedorunaffected,fromthefoggynortherncoasttotheSierraNevadaMountainstotheSanGabrielsaboveLosAngeles.IntheSierrahighcountry,thenumberofbigtreeshasfallenbymorethan55percent;inpartsofsouthernCaliforniathedeclinewasnearly75percent.
Manyfactorscontributedtothedecline,saidPatrickMclntyre,anecologistwhowastheleadauthorofthestudy.Woodcutterstargetedbigtrees.Housingdevelopmentpushedintothewoods.AggressivewildfirecontrolhasleftCaliforniaforestscrowdedwithsmalltreesthatpetewithbigtreesforresources(资源).
ButinparingastudyofCaliforniaforestsdoneinthe1920sand1930swithanotheronebetween2001and2010,Mclntyreandhiscolleaguesdocumentedawidespreaddeathofbigtreesthatwasevidenteveninwildlandsprotectedfromwoodcuttingordevelopment.
Thelossofbigtreeswasgreatestinareaswheretreeshadsufferedthegreatestwatershortage.Theresearchersfiguredoutwaterstresswithaputermodelthatcalculatedhowmuchwatertreesweregettinginparisonwithhowmuchtheyneeded,takingintoaccountsuchthingsasrainfall,airtemperature,dampnessofsoil,andthetimingofsnowmelt(融雪).
Sincethe1930s,Mclntyresaid,thebiggestfactorsdrivingupwaterstressinthestatehavebeenrisingtemperatures,whichcausetreestolosemorewatertotheair,andearliersnowmelt,whichreducesthewatersupplyavailabletotreesduringthedryseason.
8.Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?
A.Theseriousnessofbig-treelossinCalifornia.
B.TheincreasingvarietyofCaliforniabigtrees.
C.ThedistributionofbigtreesinCaliforniaforests.
D.TheinfluenceoffarmingonbigtreesinCalifornia.
9.Whichofthefollowingiswell-intentionedbutmaybebadforbigtrees?
A.Ecologicalstudiesofforests.B.Banningwoodcutting.
C.Limitinghousingdevelopment.D.Firecontrolmeasures.
10.WhatisamajorcauseofthewatershortageaccordingtoMclntyre?
A.Inadequatesnowmelt.B.Alongerdryseason.
C.Awarmerclimate.D.Dampnessoftheair.
11.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?
A.California'sForests:
WhereHaveAlltheBigTreesGone?
B.CuttingofBigTreestoBeProhibitedinCaliforniaSoon
C.WhyAretheBigTreesImportanttoCaliforniaForests?
D.PatrickMclntyre:
GrowMoreBigTreesinCalifornia
Ⅱ.七选五(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
选项中有两项为多余选项。
Anewreportsaysplasticisresponsibleforthedamagetotheoceansandtheunderseaenvironment.ThefindingswereannouncedrecentlyataUnitedNationsconference.12
Plasticthrownawaycarelesslymakesitswayintoriversandotherwaterways.13Afterawhile,itcollectsinthesea.Andplasticnevergoesaway.Plasticisnotbiodegradable—destroyedbybacteriaornaturalprocesses.Instead,itjustbreaksupintosmallerpiecesovertime.Theoceanscontainalotofchemicalsandotherpollutants.(污染物)14Thatmeansharmfulmaterialmaygetintoourfoodsupply.
15Humanbeingscausepollutionandtheycantakestepstostopit.Theycanusefewersingleusecontainersandthrowplasticawaycorrectly.Plasticrecyclingprogrammersalsoworkwhereoldbottlesandotherplasticarecollected,brokendownandusedtomakenewproducts.
Thereportalsocallsonpaniestoimprovemethodsforusingplastic.16Anditcallsforinformationaboutthewayplasticisthrownoutorremovedfromuse.
Byputtinganewvalueonplastic,industryhasaspecialreasontocleanuptheenvironment.Butallofthepaniesmustjointodealwiththeproblem.
A.Then,fishmayeattheplastic.
B.Itasksthemtobettermeasureanddirectplasticuse.
C.Theplasticeventuallyreachescoastalareasandoceanwaters.
D.Thereporttalksabouttheharmtosealifeandwhatcanbedonetoimprovethesituation.
E.Plasticshouldbegatheredtogetherandreused.
F.Butpeoplecanmakeabigdifference.
G.Itisconvenienttouseplasticbagsineverydaylife.
III.完形填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分,满分30分)
IsettledintomyseatonaplaneboundforCubafeelingannoyed.WhenIplannedthetrip,Ihad17thatmyCubanpartnersandIwouldhittheground,headingtothefieldstraightawaytocollectsamples(样本).That’showI’ddonefieldworkinotherplaces.But18inCuba,itseemed.Fivedaysearlier,aCubanscientistinformedmethatwe’donlybemeetingto19ourplannedproject.Samplingwouldhappenduringalatertrip.Thatleftmefeeling20.WhydidIneedtotraveltheretohaveameeting?
ButIhadsomethingto21inCuba.
Attheairport,oneofmyCubanpartnersgreetedmewitha(an)22smile,astronghandshakeandawarmhug.Thenwedrovetotheresearchcenter.We23everylabinthebuilding.Imetscientists,secretaries,students,andthecook.Iwas24toeachpersonintheircenter.
Thenextday,wemetagaintobrainstorm.HaditnotbeenfortheCubans,Iwouldn’thavebeen25thatthemapsIhadw
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