从《雨霖铃》的译文谈汉诗英译的意境传达.docx

从《雨霖铃》的译文谈汉诗英译的意境传达.docx

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从《雨霖铃》的译文谈汉诗英译的意境传达

从《雨霖铃》的译文谈汉诗英译的意境传达

　　[Abstract]Chinesepoemtranslationisadifficulttask.ThesuccessoftranslationofChinesepoemsdependsonwhetheritcanapproximatelytransmitartisticconceptionofChinesepoemsandleadthereadersintoaspaceofimagination.Itisdifficulttotranslatetheoriginalmeaning,theatmosphereandthecharmcompletely.TheEnglishversionsofmanyoutstandingChineseclassicalpoemswhicharegentlybeautiful,vigorousanddeepusuallycannotpresenttheoriginaltasteandflavorofthepoetry.Thisthesisfirstpointsoutthatartisticconceptionisakindofidealartisticstate,whichcanleadreadersintothesituationandemotionofapoem.ItisimpossibletoexpresscompletelytheprimarytasteandartisticconceptionofChinesepoetrytoeveryreader.Thereasonisthatthedifferenthistoricalcultureconnotationsanddifferenthabitsandcustomsaswellasdifferentthinkingmethodsareformedinwordsandexpressions.ThisthesisthentakestheversionofBellsRingingintheRainforexampletoanalyzethedifficultyoftheconveyanceofthepoembriefly.Inthepointoftheauthor’view,artisticconceptioncanbeeffectivelytransmittedtoreadersbythefollowingthreemeans:

first,toexpressamorousfeelingsandideas;second,tounearthimages;finally,tostimulateimagination.Theauthornarratesthreewaysthroughthecomparisonofthetwoversionsof“bellsringingintherain”andotherexamplesforfurtherexplanation.Attheend,theauthorpointsoutthattheyareonlythreeeffectivewaysbutnottheabsolutemeans.

[KeyWords]Chinesepoetry;artisticconception;BellsRingingintheRain;solution

【摘要】汉诗英译是否成功就在于能否成功的传达意境。

要成功的传达意境是不容易的，许多好的汉语诗歌翻译成英语后总是会失去原作的艺术魅力、本文首先指出：

意境是通过形象化的情景交融的艺术描写，能够把读者引入到一个想象的空间的艺术境界，意境传达的困难在于中西方存在着诸多差异，不同的历史文化，风俗习惯和思维定势都使汉语诗歌的意境传达成为一个难题，本文以《雨霖铃》的译文为例，分析了这首诗歌意境传达的困难，接着通过《雨霖铃》的两种译文对比提出了意境传达的三种有效方式：

传情达意，挖掘意象，激发联想。

最后作者提出，这只是三种有效的方式，而不是绝对的方式。

【关键词】汉诗英译；意境；《雨霖铃》；方式

1.Introduction

"Poetryisasuperartoflanguage.”[1]Awell-knownstatementismadebyRobertFrost“Poetryiswhatgetslostintranslation”.PoetrytranslationisadifficulttaskanditisespeciallytrueintheChinesepoetrytranslation.“Indeed,poetrytranslationisacreativetask.”BurtonRaffelsays,“Thetranslatedpoemshouldfirstbeanewpoem,agoodone,andshouldbethefavoroflife,insteadoflifelessacademicaccuracy.”TheEnglishversionsofmanyoutstandingChineseclassicalpoemswhicharegentlybeautiful,vigorousanddeepusuallycannotpresenttheoriginaltasteandflavorofthepoetry.Manyfamoussayingsandbeautifullines,whichenjoygreatpopularityduringhundredsofyears,maketheChinesereadershaveadeepsympatheticchord.Butforeignreaderscannotunderstandthemactually,ortheymayevenfeelbewilderedandthemostimportantreasonisthatthetranslationofChinesepoetryislackoftheconveyanceofartisticconception.ThesuccessoftranslationofChinesepoemsdependsonwhetheritcanapproximatelytransmitartisticconceptionofChinesepoemsandleadthereadersintoaspaceofimagination.China’spoetaswellasliteraryandtheoreticiansmostlythinkthatthegreatestachievementofpoetrycreationliesinartisticconception.Itisthesoulofpoetry.Thenwhatonearthisartisticconceptionofpoetry?

Thedefinitionofartisticconception

Artisticconceptionisakindofidealartisticstate,whichcanleadreadersintothesituationandemotionofapoem.Theblendofsituationandemotionisthebasiccomponentofartisticconception,whichisinvolvedintwoaspects,oneistheobjectiveofimagesinlife,theotheristheidealsubjectivecreationofthepoet,wecalltheformeroneas“jing”,andthelateroneas“yi”.Therefore,artisticconceptionistheunifiedentityofthetwoaspects.　

ArtisticconceptionisoneofthemostimportantaestheticconceptionsinancientChina,whichcanbetracedbacktoTangDynasty.InhisTheStyleofPoetrypoetWangChanglinfirstlyputforwardartisticconceptiontogetherwith“物境”“情境”（twoofthreelevelslikeartisticconceptionusedtodescriberespectivelytheobjectandthecircumstancesofapoem）.Althoughheproposedthethreelevelstogether,hedidn’tpointouttherelationship.Jiaoran,apoetandamonkaswell,oncepointedouttherelationsbetweenYi（image）andJing（situation）.Hethoughtthatthefeelingsofareadertoapoemstartfromitssituation.LiuYuxiwhocarriedonJiaoran’stheoryadvancedthatwecansayinTangDynasty,theAestheticSchool---theleadingschoolofpoetrywhichanalyzespoemwithartisticconception,wasformed.AndinQingDynasty,WangGuoweigaveadeeperresearchontheconnotationandcreationofartisticconception.Ashesaysinhis“CommentsonciPoetry”,“Notonlycanliteraturemotivatethewriterhimself,butalsoitcantouchtheheartsofothers.”MaoDunthenthoughttheconnotationoftheliteraturetranslationisthetransmissionoftheidealcondition.Hesaid"theliteraturetranslationistotransmittheartisticidealconditionoftheoriginalworkinanotherlanguageandmakereaderbeinspiredequally,affectedandgetthebeautifulfeelingwhentheyreadtheoriginalwork.[10]

Thedifficultiesoftheconveyanceofartisticconception

Formanyyears,lotsofChinesescholarsaswellasforeignresearchersputtheirefforttodothearduousworktotranslateclassicalChinesepoemsintoEnglish.Andamongtheirworks,thereisnolackofexcellenttranslation.Asamatteroffact,justthroughthewonderfultranslationofsomeexcellenttranslator,alotoffamousclassicalChinesepoemshavewontheirworldreputation.However,asakindofartisticappreciation,weusuallyhavealittlepitythatthetranslationofChinesepoetrystillcannotexpressartisticconceptionwhenwereadastheChinesereaders,lotsofChineseclassicalpoemshavelosttheiroriginalromanticcharm,completeinformation,three-dimensionaleffect,andthestatethatcanleadthereadersintoaindefiniteimagination.ItisnotsurprisedtoseethatmanyscholarsconsiderthetranslationofChineseancientstyledpoetrytobeanunsuccessfulfieldsofar.Wecanseethatevenifsometranslationsdisplaythecontentofpoetry,theyfailtotransmit,interpretthemood,theimage,andthesituationofpoetry.BecauseofthehugedivergencebetweentheEastandtheWest,itisimpossibletoexpresscompletelytheprimarytasteandartisticconceptionofChinesepoetrytoeveryreader.

Thereasonisthatthedifferenthistoricalcultureconnotationsanddifferenthabitsandcustomsaswellasdifferentthinkingmethodsareformedintheaspectofwordsandexpressions.

TherenownedtranslatorMr.YangXianyihassaid:

"Therearemanyotherfactorsconstitutingcertainmeaningsinoriginaltext.Itissimplynotimpossibletotransmitthesemeaningsforthepersonsunderdifferentcultures.[11]Forexample:

theChinesereadershavesomeassociationspontaneouslywithweepingwillowinaChinesepoetry,itisimpossibletocausethiskindofassociationnaturallyifitistranslatedintoanotherlanguage.Inmanypoemstheterminology（poemlanguage）oftenhastheirculturalhistoricalbackgroundcausingthereadertoassociatesufficiently.[12]Thereisnofinaltranslationforanytranslationispartialsinceitishardlypossibleforanytranslatortoseekbalancebetweenvariousrequirement.[13]Ofcourseitcontainstheconveyanceofartisticconception.

2.TheanalysisofBellsRingingintheRain

Here,theauthorwillprobehowtotransmitartisticconceptioninthetranslationofChinesepoetrybytheEnglishversionofBellsRingingInTheRain.

ThecommentofBellsRingingInTheRain

LiuYong’poemsaregoodatdescriptionofdetails,andwritteninapithystyle.Thispoemexpressesthepartingfeelingsanddescribesthesceneofpartingandthepainfulmood.Theemotionisalsoverysentimental.ThispoemisofLiuYong’srepresentativeworks.Thefirststanzadescribesthepartingscene,theauthordescribesthecicadachillily,andtwoloveswerepartingintheroadsideshelter.Theboatwasurging.Theywerereluctanttopart,handinhandwithtearfuleyes,sobbingwithoutaword.Themistywavesinthegreatdistanceandthedistantskyalsoappearedsoheavy.Inthesecondstanza,theauthorsighedwoefully:

partingletsthehumanbesadsincetheoldtimes.Thelongertheypart,thesaddertheyfeel.Evenifthereisbrightdaysandbeautifulscenery,thepoetstillcannotcheerup.

“Thecicada”,“theroadsideshelter”,“thesuddendownpour”,“thenationalcapital”“theboat”,“themistywave”and“thesouthernsky”-----theseimagescomposedthedeparturepictureofgloomycolor,brimwiththethickdeepsorrow.TheChinesereadercanfeeltheauthor‘ssadmoodaftertheyreadandproducethesympatheticchord,butasaresultoftheculturalenvironmentandthebackgrounddifference,foreignreadersmaynothavesimilarfeeling,norcantheyinducetothisdignifiedatmosphere.theChinesereadercouldcarryontheverynaturalassociationtoabovetheseimages,formaseriesofpicturesinthebrains,buttheforeignreaderpossiblycannotbeabletounderstandthiscompletely.Inthesecondstanza,whatistherelationbetween“多情”and“自古”?

Howtotranslate“晓风残月”?

whatis“良辰好景虚设”onearth?

Itisverydifficulttodescribethepainfulmoodandthedeepsorrowfaithfullytotheforeigners.

ThedifficultiesoftheconveyanceofartisticconceptionofBellsRingingintheRain

Itisnotcompletelypossibletotranslatetheoriginalpoem,themoodandtheatmosphere，whichisalsoanextremelybigdifficultproblem,suchas:

Firstly,Itisdifficulttoconveytheemotioninthepoem:

theemotionhereisnotpresentedexplicitlybutimpli