英国文学知识点总结.docx
- 文档编号:28691938
- 上传时间:2023-07-19
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:20
- 大小:111.06KB
英国文学知识点总结.docx
《英国文学知识点总结.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《英国文学知识点总结.docx(20页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
英国文学知识点总结
PartOneEarlyandMedievalEnglishliterature
&Masteipiece:
“TheSongofBeowulf"
1・Significance:
■ThenationalepicoftheEnglishpeople;
■AfolklegendbroughttoEnglandbyAnglo-SaxonsfromNorthernEurope;■Passedfrommouthtomouthforhundredsofyearsbeforewrittendowninthe10thcentury;
■ThemostimportantandrepresentativeworkoftheOldEnglish(theAnglo-Saxon)literature・
2.Characters:
Beowulf:
nephewofHygelacHygelac:
kingofGeatsinJutlandHrothgar:
kingoftheDanesGrendel:
amonster
3.Plot:
(1)Beowulf'sfightwiththemonsterGiendelinHrothgar^shall
(2)Beowulf'sslayingofGrendeVsmotherinherlair
(3)Beowulf'sretiuiitohisuncle,andhissuccessiontothethrone・
(4)Beowulf'svictoiyindeath,fiftyyearslater,overthefirediagon
4.Features:
■i.Position.ThenationalepicandthefirstlongpoeminEnglish・
■ii.Rhyme:
Thepoemiswritteninalliterativeverseinaline,with4accentsinaline,threeofwhichshowalliteration(beginningwiththesameconsonantsound)
■iii.Rhetorics.Afigurativelanguageisused,whichiscalled"kenning”ormetaphor・
■iv.Structure*.Itiswrittenininvertedorderwithtwopartsinaline(aspause)
&TheMedievalEnglishLiterature
I.Romance:
(inproseorverseform)
a.Subjectmatter(题材,话题,论题)(Seethedefinition):
Thelifeandadventuresofanoblehero,generallyaknight
b.Theme(主题)(Seethedefinition):
Theloyaltytothekingandlord・
c.Threeromancecycles(传奇故事系列)
TheMatterofFrance(aboutCharlemagneandhispeers)
TheMatterofRome(aboutAlexandertheGreat)
TheMatterofBritain(abouttheadventuresofKingArthurandhisKnightsoftheRoundTable)d.TheclassnatureofRomance:
It'swrittenfartheupperclass
Chivalry(骑士精神)isrepresentedtoshowthequalityoftheknight:
courage,honor,courtesy,loyaltyanddevotiontothehelpless、theweak
andwomen・
e.Masterpiece.•"SirGawiiiandtheGreenKnight"《高文爵士和绿衣骑士》inalliterativeverse.
*GeoffreyChaucer(1340-1400)
1.Position:
i/4ThefatherofEnglishpoetry''ii.ThefounderofEnglishrealism(byGorky)iii・Theforerunnerofhumanism・
2.Contribution:
i.Heintroducedthe“heroiccouplet”(therhymedcoupletofiambicpentameter抑扬格五音步)
ii・HeisthefirstgreatpoetwhowroteinthecuirentEnglishlanguage・iii.HedidmuchinmakingthedialectofLondonthefoundationformodemEnglishspeech.
3.LiteraryCreation:
Influencedby:
Dante(1265-1321):
"TheDivineComedyn
Petrarch(1307-1374):
( Boccaccio(1313-1375): Decameronn 4.Masteipiece: “TheCanterbuiyTales,' i.Significance: a.AcomprehensivepictureofChaucer'stimeasplendidrealisticportrayal・ b.AnartisticcorridorofpeoplefromallwalksoflifeinthemedievalEngland: a)thegentleclass: knight、squire,monkprioress(女修道院的院长),theoxfordscholar・ b)thebui・gherclass: tradesman,carpenter、weaver,theWifeofBath,lawyer c.RealismandHumanismisrevealed: Thepraiseofmaifsenergyquickwitandloveoflife. Theequalrightofmanandwomantopursuetheirhappinessonearthandtheoppositionofthedogmaofasceticism. ii・Features: a.Structuralfeatures: a)Aprologueand24talesb)Allthetalesarecloselyknittedbyinterspersingthemwiththetalk,thequarrels,opinionsofthepilgrimsandespeciallythejudgmentoftheinnkeeper・ b.Literaryfeatures: Heroiccouplet: apairofrhymingiambicpentameterlines.Tone: gentlesatireandmildirony・ &TheEnglishBallads(PopularBallads) 1.LiteraryFeatures: i.Englishfolkliteratureinfeudalsociety・ ii.Insong,usuallyin4-linestanza,withthe2ndand4thlinesrhymed・ iii.iambictrimeter/tetrameter抑扬格三音步/四音步 2.Themes: i.Thestruggleofyoungloversagainsttheirfeudalfamilies・ ii.Theconflictbetweenloveandwealth・ iii.Thecrueleffectofjealousy. iv.TheborderwarsbetweenEnglandandScotland. v.Themattersofclassstruggle・ 3.Masterpieces: 1)RobinHoodBallads: gatheredintoacollectioncalled"TheGesteofRobinHood” 2)"RobinHoodandAllan-a-Dale""GetupandBartheDooF"'SirPatrickSpans" RobinHood ■Status: ayeomanforcedtobeanoutlaw/fugitive ■Deeds: GreenwoodofSherwoodForestnearNottinghaminthecenterofEngland ■HuntingtheKing^sdeer,robbingfromtherichanddistributingamongthepoor ■Friendsandfollowers: theMerryMen(LittleJohn,FriarTuck,WillScarlet,andtheromanticminstrelAlan-a-Dale) ■Hisenemy: theSheriffofNottingham ■Hiswife: MaidMarian 4.Linguisticcharacteristics: 1)economyofwords2)directspeech3)repetition4)easilytobesong (2)&Romance ■Itusesnarrativeverseorprosetosingknightlyadventuresorotherheroicdeedsisapopularliteraryforminthemedievalperiod.Ithasdevelopedthecharacteristicmedievalmotifsofthequest,thetest,themeetingwiththeevilgiantandtheencounterwiththebeautifulbeloved. ■Theheroisusuallytheknight,whosetsoutonajourneytoaccomplishsomemissions.Thereisoftenmysteriesandfantasiesinromance・■Romanticloveisanimportantpartoftheplotinromance・Characterizationisstandardized,whilethestructureislooseandepisodic,thelanguageissimpleandstraightforward・ ■Theimportanceoftheromanceitselfcanbeseenasameansofshowingmedievalaristocraticmenandwomeninrelationtotheiridealizedviewoftheworld・ •Questionsforconsideration: 1・ThefeaturesofthemedievalEnglishliterature? 2.ThesignificanceofTheCanterburyTales? 3.TheliteraryfeaturesofEnglishballads? 4.Thedifferencesbetweenromanceandballad PartIITheEnglishRenaissance &LiteraryinfluenceoftheBibleonEnglishlanguage: HouseholdwordsfromBible: rootofallevil万恶之源clearascrystal极其明白athornintheflesh眼中钉,肉中刺tocastpearlsbeforeswine明珠投暗alaboroflove不计较报酬的工作 eyeforeye,toothfortooth以眼还眼,以牙还牙 TheDevelopmentofLiterature i.TheBeginningoftheEnglishRenaissance a.GeoffreyChuuw(1340-1400)TheforerunnerofEnglishRenaissance b.WilliamCaxHintroducingprintingtoEnglandin1476bringingamultitudeofclassicalworks・ &c.ThomasMore(1478-1535)ThefirsthumanistinEngland I.Introduction GreatthinkerandhumanistintheRenaissance II.Masteipiece: "Utopia" Utopia,fromtwoGreekwordsmeaning44nowhere'\isanislanddiscoveredonavoyagetothenewlydiscoveredAmericas. Itisandescriptionoftheidealcommunistsocietyandidealcommonwealth,wherepropertyisheldincommonandthereisnopoverty. Practicalbasisforthecommunistsociety: Fromeveryoneaccordingtohiscapacities,toeveryoneaccordingtohis各尽所能,按需分配) B.DifferentGenresandtheirrepresentatives: essay,poetry,drama a.essayist: FrancisBacon b.poets: ThomasWyatt,HenryHoward,SirPhilipSidney,EdmundSpenser,WilliamShakespeare c.dramatists/playwrights: ChristopherMarlowe,WilliamShakespeare,BenJonson &]•FrancisBacon A.PositionandContribution: Heisthefirstgreatessayist・HeisthefounderofEnglishmaterialistphilosophy(唯物主义哲学)HeisthefounderofmodernscienceinEngland.InductiveMethodofReasoning(归纳法)wasstatedinhisessay“NewIiistmment^Herepresentstheintellectualenergyoftheage・ B.Masteipiece: a.^AdvancementofLearning^《科学的进展》b."'NewInstrument^新工具 c.-Essays^《随笔集》 Subjects: lovetruth、friendship,parentsandchildren,beauties,studies,riches,youthandages,deathetc. Features: clearness,brevityandforceofexpression・ C・WiseSayings: "Knowledgeispower” "Menfeardeath,aschildrenfeartogointhedark;andasthatnaturalfearinchildrenisincreasedwithtales,soistheother."人们惧伯死亡,正如孩童惧于黑暗中行路: 孩童心中的恐惧感随着听到的童话故事的增多而增长,人们对死亡的惧怕亦是如此。 ” "Readingmakesafiillman,conferenceareadyman;andwritinganexactmaif\ “读书使人充实,讨论使人机智,笔记使人准确。 ” “Studiesseivefordelight,foroniament,andforability”. “读书足以怡情,足以博采,足以长才。 ” "Historiesmakemenwise;poet,witty;themathematics,subtle,naturalphilosophy,deep;moral,grave;logicandrhetoric,abletocontend・Abeuntstiidiainmores^^.From"OfStuLy" “读史使人明智,读诗使人灵秀,数学使人周密,科学使人深刻,伦理使人庄重,逻辑修辞之学使人善辩。 凡有所学,皆成性格。 ” &2.ThomasWyatt托马斯・怀亚特(1503~42): Thefirsttointroducethe J sonnetintoEnglishliterature. &3.HenryHoward,EarlofSurrey(15177-47)萨里伯爵 HewrotethefirstEnglishblankverse(无韵诗,素体诗)tobemasterfullyusedbyShakespeareandMilton,Wordsworth,Tennysonetc. &4.SirPhilipSidney(1554-86)菲利普.锡德尼 Status: poetandcriticofpoetry Masterpiece: a.^AstrophelandStella(1591)《爱星者和星星》: acollectionofsonnets "astrophel"standsfor"star"and“Stella,'standsfor"starlover' b."ApologyforPoetry/Poesy"《为诗一辩》oneoftheearliestliteraryessaystoanswerthePuritanattackonpoetry. Mainideas: &5.EdmundSpenser In1594,hemamedElizabethBoyle,theladyinhissonnetsequence Majorworks: { "Ainoretti"(1595)(oneofthethreefamoussonnetsequence)l小爱神》/《爱 情小唱》 TheFaerieOueene,}(1590-1596)《仙后》 Mainthemes: love,poetry,andreligion Influence: ItsetsthepastoralfashioninEnglishliterature &6.ChristopherMarlowe 1.Literaryposition Hewasthemostgiftedofthe""universitywitsHHewasthetmefounderofEnglishdrama 2.Masteipiecel)“Tamburlaiiie^《帖木儿》Theme: Ambitionforpower 2)“TheJewofMalta"《马耳他岛的犹太人》Theme: Greedforwealth 3)"Dt.Faustus”《浮士德博士的悲剧》Theme: desireforknowledge 3.Contributions: Thefirsttoestablishblankverseastheregularmeasurefortragedy. Hisblankverseisvigorous,fluidandprecise・ HisworkspavedthewayfortheplaysofShakespeare. &7.BenJonson 1.Position: Oneofthemostoutstandingfiguresintheliteraryworldofthe17thcentury・ Amanofversatility: poet,playwright.scholar.critic The“literaryking”inhislateryears theheadofthe
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 英国文学 知识点 总结