胡壮麟《语言学教程》修订版测试题112章含答案.docx

胡壮麟《语言学教程》修订版测试题112章含答案.docx

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胡壮麟《语言学教程》修订版测试题112章含答案

胡壮麟《语言学教程》（修订版）测试题（1-12章，含答案）

胡壮麟《语言学教程》（修订版）测试题

Chapter1IntroductionstoLinguistics

I.Choosethebestanswer.（20%）

1.Languageisasystemofarbitraryvocalsymbolsusedforhuman

__________

A.contactB.communicationC.relationD.community

2.Whichofthefollowingwordsisentirelyarbitrary?

A.treeB.typewriterC.crashD.bang

3.Thefunctionofthesentence“Waterboilsat100degreesCentigrade.”is

__________.

A.interrogativeB.directiveC.informativeD.performative

4.InChinesewhensomeonebreaksabowloraplatethehostorthepeoplepresentarelikelytosay“碎碎（岁岁）平安”asameansofcontrollingtheforceswhichtheybelievesfeelmightaffecttheirlives.Whichfunctionsdoesitperform?

A.InterpersonalB.EmotiveC.PerformativeD.Recreational

5.Whichofthefollowingpropertyoflanguageenableslanguageuserstoovercomethebarrierscausedbytimeandplace,duetothisfeatureoflanguage,speakersofalanguagearefreetotalkaboutanythinginanysituation?

A.TransferabilityB.DualityC.DisplacementD.Arbitrariness

6.Studythefollowingdialogue.Whatfunctiondoesitplayaccordingtothefunctionsoflanguage?

—Aniceday,isn’tit?

—Right!

Ireallyenjoythesunlight.

A.EmotiveB.PhaticC.PerformativeD.Interpersonal

7.__________referstotheactualrealizationoftheideallanguageuser’sknowledgeoftherulesofhislanguageinutterances.

A.PerformanceB.CompetenceC.LangueD.Parole

8.Whenadogisbarking,youassumeitisbarkingforsomethingoratsomeonethatexistshearandnow.Itcouldn’tbesorrowfulforsomelostloveorlostbone.Thisindicatesthedesignfeatureof__________.

A.culturaltransmissionB.productivityC.displacementD.duality

9.__________answerssuchquestionsashowweasinfantsacquireourfirstlanguage.

A.PsycholinguisticsB.Anthropologicallinguistics

C.SociolinguisticsD.Appliedlinguistics

10.__________dealswithlanguageapplicationtootherfields,particularlyeducation.

A.LinguistictheoryB.Practicallinguistics

C.AppliedlinguisticsD.Comparativelinguistics

II.Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalse.（10%）

11.Languageisameansofverbalcommunication.Therefore,thecommunicationwayusedbythedeaf-muteisnotlanguage.

12.Languagechangeisuniversal,ongoingandarbitrary.

13.Speakingisthequickestandmostefficientwayofthehumancommunicationsystems.

14.Languageiswrittenbecausewritingistheprimarymediumforalllanguages.

15.Wewereallbornwiththeabilitytoacquirelanguage,whichmeansthedetailsofanylanguagesystemcanbegeneticallytransmitted.

16.Onlyhumanbeingsareabletocommunicate.

17.F.deSaussure,whomadethedistinctionbetweenlangueandparoleintheearly20thcentury,wasaFrenchlinguist.

18.AstudyofthefeaturesoftheEnglishusedinShakespeare’stimeisanexampleofthediachronicstudyoflanguage.

19.Speechandwritingcameintobeingatmuchthesametimeinhumanhistory.

20.Allthelanguagesintheworldtodayhavebothspokenandwrittenforms.

III.Fillintheblanks.（10%）

21.Language,broadlyspeaking,isameansof__________communication.

22.Inanylanguagewordscanbeusedinnewwaystomeannewthingsandcanbecombinedintoinnumerablesentencesbasedonlimitedrules.Thisfeatureisusuallytermed__________.

23.Languagehasmanyfunctions.Wecanuselanguagetotalkaboutitself.Thisfunctionis__________.

24.Theorythatprimitivemanmadeinvoluntaryvocalnoiseswhileperformingheavyworkhasbeencalledthe__________theory.

25.Linguisticsisthe__________studyoflanguage.

26.Modernlinguisticsis__________inthesensethatthelinguisttriestodiscoverwhatlanguageisratherthanlaydownsomerulesforpeopletoobserve.

27.Onegeneralprincipleoflinguisticanalysisistheprimacyof__________overwriting.

28.Thedescriptionofalanguageasitchangesthroughtimeisa__________study.

29.Saussureputforwardtwoimportantconcepts.__________referstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallmembersofaspeechcommunity.

30.LinguisticpotentialissimilartoSaussure’slangueandChomsky’s__________.

IV.Explainthefollowingterms,usingexamples.（20%）

31.Designfeature

32.Displacement

33.Competence

34.Synchroniclinguistics

V.Answerthefollowingquestions.（20%）

35.Whydopeopletakedualityasoneoftheimportantdesignfeaturesofhumanlanguage?

Canyoutelluswhatlanguagewillbeifithasnosuchdesignfeature?

（南开大学，2004）

36.Whyisitdifficulttodefinelanguage?

（北京第二外国语大学，2004）

VI.Analyzethefollowingsituation.（20%）

37.Howcanalinguistmakehisanalysisscientific?

（青岛海洋大学，1999）

Key:

[Inthereferencekeys,Iwon’tgiveexamplesorfurtheranalysis.Thatseemstoomuchworkforme.Therefore,thiskeyis