句子的成分和基本句型.docx
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句子的成分和基本句型.docx
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句子的成分和基本句型
第1章句子的成分和基本句型
1.句子的成分
1.主语
位于居首,是谓语讲述的对象,表示所说的“是什么”“是谁”。
由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语充当。
Eg:
TOteachthemEnglishismyjob.
HarryPotteristheherointhisbook.
ProfessorZhangisafamousscientist.
2.谓语
位于主语后,说明主语“是什么”“怎么样”“做什么”。
必须用动词充当。
谓语与主语在人称和数上必须保持一致。
Eg:
Isawyourbrotheryesterday.
David’shobbyismakingmodelplanes.
Pleaselookafterthetwinswell.
3.表语
位于系动词后,说明主语“是什么”“怎么样”。
由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式或相当于名词或形容词的短语充当。
Eg:
AndyandIaregoodfriends.
Leaveshavegoneyellow.
Thepowerofmusicistomakeushappy.
4.宾语
位于谓语后,是动作、行为的对象。
由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语充当。
Eg:
Theworkersarebuildingbridges.
Tomoftenhelpshisclassmates.
Weshouldlearnfromher.
5.宾语补足语
位于宾语后,用来补充宾语的意义。
由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、现在分词、过去分词充当。
Eg:
PleasecallmeTom.
HisblamemadeMarrycry.
6.状语
可位于句末、句首、句中,表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等。
由副词、介词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语充当。
Eg:
Unfortunately,Imissedthetrain.
Andydidhishomeworkcarefully.
7.定语
位置灵活。
用来修饰名词或代词。
由形容词、代词、数词、名词、介词短语、不定式或相当于形容词的词或短语充当。
Eg:
Thepinkdressishere.
Heisaintelligentboy.
二.基本句型
知识积累:
S:
______OC:
_________________
V:
_______IO:
____________________
O:
________DO:
____________________
P:
_________
1.S+V
Thebabyiscrying.
2.S+V+0
Johnboughtacomputer.
3.S+V+P
Theorangetastessour.
4.S+V+IO+DO/S+V+DO+to/for+IO
Heshowedusthephotos.
Ipassedmymothertheball.
5.S+V+O+OC
ThenewsmadeSusansad.
WecallherConnie.
划出下列句子的成分并区分是哪种句型。
1.Birdsfly.
2.Classbegins.
3.Hisfirstbookcameoutin2003.
4.Hedidn’tgotothecinemayesterday.
5.Iknowhim.
6.Iboughtadictionaryyesterday.
7.Hisfacegoesred.
8.Mysisterisoutnow.
9.HegaveTomapresentyesterday.
10.Ipassedittomymother.
11.Themanageraskedhimtoleave.
12.Iwillmakeyoucaptain.
13.Hebecameascientist.
14.Theyarehonest.
15.Hewroteabookinseniorhighschool.
16.Hetaughtmehowtoreadtheword.
17.Theymadeherhappy.
18.Theyarehonest.
19.ShelikesEnglish.
20.Ifoundspareticketsforhim.
第二章句子的种类
一.陈述句
1.陈述句的肯定结构a:
______+______+……
Judygoestoschoolatseveneveryday.
Mymotherismakingcoffeenow.
b:
_____+_______+_______
YuQiuyuisafamouswriter.
CharlieisgoodatspeakingEnglish.
2.陈述句的否定结构a:
be动词的否定句----主语+be动词+____+……
Heisn’tmyboss.
Theyaren’tcleaningtheroom.
b:
情态动词的否定句-----主语+_____+____+……
Thewomancan’tspeakFrench.
c:
行为动词的否定句-----主语+________+______+_______
Tomdoesn’tdohishomeworkeveryday.
Hedidn’traisehisheaduntilsomeonecalledhim.
练习:
把下列肯定陈述句变成其否定结构。
1.Iamastudent.
2.Sheworksinaschool.
3.DannycomesfromNewYork.
4.Youmusttakethebooksout.
5.Hehadfinishedreadingthebookbytheendoflastmonth.
6.IwasgoodatEnglish.
7.Theyhadtheclassmeetingyesterday.
8.Thesoldierswillbesenttothefront.
9.Thereweresomepassengerswaitingforthebus.
10.Mariacooksverysuccessfully.
二.祈使句
1.含有第二人称主语的肯定结构:
______________________
Eg:
否定结构:
a._______+_________+……
b._______+_____________
2.含有第一人称的肯定结构:
_____+__________+________+……
否定结构:
Let’s/Letus/Letme+_____+______+……
3.含有第三人称主语的肯定结构:
_____+________+________+……
否定结构_________+_________+__________+……
练习:
一.按要求做题。
1.Bequite.(变否定)_______________________________
2.下次别迟到了。
___________________________________
3.Letthebabycry.(变否定)__________________________
4.Let’shaveanothertry.(变否定)_______________________
5.WatchTV.(变否定)_________________________________
6.不要在课堂上说话。
__________________________________
二.把下列句子变成祈使句。
1.Youshouldputtheglasscuponthetable,Peter.
____________________________________________
2.Youmustbecarefulwithyourhealth.
____________________________________________
3.Willyoupleasegivemeahand?
____________________________________________
4.Shallwegoforawalk?
_____________________________________________
三.单项选择。
()1.Taketheexamcarefully,_____youwon’tgetfullmarks.
A.butB.andC.orD.so
()2.KeepanEnglishdiary,______yourEnglishwillimprove.
A.orB.sinceC.whenD.and
()3.Hurryup,______youwon’tmisstheplane.
A.andB.butC.soD.or
()4.Turntheheatdown,______yourcakewillburn.
A.butB.orC.andD.then
()5._____quick,Jenny!
Thereislittletimeleft.
A.AmB./C.BeD.Was
()6._____doit.
A.SpeakB.TospeakC.Spoke
D.Speaking
一.感叹句
1.what引导的感叹句a._________________________________
b.___________________________________________
2.How引导的感叹句a._____________________________
b.____________________________________
c._____________________________________
练习:
用What或How填空。
1.______atalltreeitis!
2._____aninterestingfilmitis!
3.______goodstudentstheyare!
4._____badweatheritis!
5.______awind!
6._____bigthetreeis!
7.______newthebooksare!
8._____excitedsheis!
9._____wellhestudies!
10._____fastheruns!
11._____hehatedthesemen!
同义句转换。
1.Whataprettygirlsheis!
______________thegirlis!
2.Whatnicebookstheyare!
_____________thebooks______!
3.Whatbadweatheritis!
___________________________is!
4.Howbigthefactoryis!
___________bigfactory____________!
5.Howhappytheyoungmenare!
________________________________are!
把下列句子改成感叹句。
1.Theflowerisverybeautiful.
__________________________________
2.Thepicturearesowonderful.
___________________________________
3.Heisworkingquitehard.
___________________________________
4.Thisisausefulbook.
___________________________________
四.疑问句
1.一般疑问句
be动词的一般疑问句:
___________________________
Areyouhungry?
情态动词的一般疑问句:
___________________________
行为动词的一般疑问句:
_____________________________
助动词的一般疑问句:
_________________________________
练习:
把下列陈述句变为一般疑问句。
1.Iamastudent.__________________________________
2.WearegoodatlearningEnglish.____________________________________________________
3.Jennywasusedtorunninglastyear.
__________________________________________________
4.Shecanplaybadminton._____________________________
5.Iknowhimverywell.________________________________
6.Hehadtoldhisfatherthenews.____________________________________________________
2.特殊疑问句
含义:
______________________________________
形式:
______________________________________
语调:
____________
特殊疑问词:
练习:
对划线部分提问
1.TomandTimplaybasketballontheplayground.
_____________________________________________
2.Theyarelovely.
______________________________________________
3.HespeaksEnglishverywell.
______________________________________________
4.Igotoschoolbybus.
______________________________________________
5.Igototheparkinthemorning.
_______________________________________________
6.Billydoeshishomeworkinthemorning.
_______________________________________________
7.Ireadthisbookthreetimesaday.
_______________________________________________
8.Thefridgecostme500dollars.
_______________________________________________
9.Therearefifteenmonkeysinthezoo.
_______________________________________________
10.Myfatheris1.8meters.
_______________________________________________
3.选择疑问句
一般选择疑问句:
_______________________________________
Doyougobackorstayathome?
特殊选择疑问句:
_______________________________________
Whichdressdoyoulikebest,theblueoneortheredone?
答语:
_________________________________
第三章句子的结构
一.简单句
特征:
_____________________________________
TomandIaregoodfriends.
二.并列句
特征:
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
Hurryup,oryouwillbelate.
三.复合句
特征:
______________________________________
宾语从句
宾语从句常用在_______、______、__________、______和_______之后。
Eg:
某些________(sure,happy,glad,afraid,sorry,certain,please等)之后也可以带有宾语从句。
Eg:
运用宾语从句需注意的问题
A.______________________________________
①
②
特别提醒:
B.____________________________________________
①
Animalsareourfriends.
②
Isheastudent?
▲注意:
Iwonder_______heisagainstkeepingpetsornot.
Thepicnicwilldependon_______theweatherwillbefine.
③
练习:
Whofirstdiscoveredtheelementradium?
Whatanimaldoyoulikebest?
HowcanIgotoBeijingInternationalAirport?
Howlongdidittakeyoutofinishthejob?
Howsoonwillhecomeback?
Whereisyourmother?
直接引语变间接引语
1.Hesays,”IhavejustarrivedinScotland”.
2.Hesaystome,“Youcan’tdothat.”
3.BettysaystoHarry,“Iwanttoborrowyourbook.”
4.Tonysaid,“Iamgoingtodrawahorse.”
5.Hesaid,“Ispenttwohoursreadingbooks.”
6.Ourteachersaidtome,“Theearthtravelsaroundthesun.”
7.Hetoldhisson,“Practicemakesperfect.”
8.Mothersaid,“Iamsoproudofyou.”
状语从句
在句中作状语用的从句,一般由______引导,可以表示_______、_______、________、________、________、_______、_______、________、_______等。
Ⅰ表示时间的状语从句
一般由从属连词______________________________________
等引导。
Whenitbegantosnow,wewentintothehouse.
Hewasabouttoleave,whenthetelephonerang.
AfterTomwenttoafitnesscenter,hebecamefitandstrong.
Hevisitedalotofplaces,whilehewastravelling.
DannyhasbeenillsincehewenttoEnglandlastmonth.
Wewalkedandwalkeduntil/tillitwasdark.
Ⅱ表示地点的状语从句
由_______、_________等引导。
Staywhereyouare.
Ⅲ表示原因
由___________________________________等引导。
Ⅳ表示条件
由_____________________等引导。
Ⅴ表示目的
由_____________________________等引导。
Ⅵ表示结果
由________________________等引导。
Ⅶ表示让步
由_______________________引导。
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