商务英语名词解释.docx

商务英语名词解释.docx

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商务英语名词解释

1.?

Budget?

—预算anaccountofprobablefutureincomeandexpenditureduringastated,period,usu.ayearusedasaguideinmakingfinancialarrangements.

2.?

Return?

—回报thegainfromaninvestment,eitherasincomeoryieldorasprofitonthesaleoftheinvestment.

3.?

Portfolio?

—证券投资组合theentirecollectionofinvestmentsintheformofstocks,bonds,orcertificateofdepositsforpurposesotherthancontrolling

4.?

Royalty?

—专利税moneypaidtotheownerofacopyrightforpermissiontopublishcopyrightmaterialandtotheownerofapatentforpermissiontouseapatenteddesign,usu.atagreedpercentageofthesellingpriceoftheproduct.

5.?

Patent?

—专利权aspecialrighttoaninventortobetheonlypersontomakeandsell,ortoauthorizeotherstomakeandsellanewly-inventedmachineorprocess.

6.?

Non-tariffbarrier?

—非贸易壁垒allformsofman-madeobstructionstointernationaltradeotherthantariffs,includingprohibitionsandquotas,etc.

7.?

Franchise?

—经销权anarrangementbywhichamonopolyproducerorownergivesanotherpermissionfortheexclusiverighttomanufactureorselltheproductsinacertainarea.

8.Purchasingpower?

—购买力ofpersons,thepublic,havingthemoneytobuygoodsandservices.

9.?

PPP?

—购买力平价purchasingpowerparity

10.?

tariff?

—关税taxleviedbythecustoms

11.barrierstotrade?

—贸易壁垒anyactionbyagovernmenttolimitorpreventthefreeflowofgoodsinandoutofitscountry.

12.primarycommodities?

—初级产品thosecommoditiesnotprocessed,oronlyslightlyprocessed,usuallyfarmproduceorrawmaterials

13.drawback?

—退税dutiespaidonimportedgoodsthatarerefundedwhenre-exported

14.specificduties?

—从量税dutiesleviedonthebasisofquantity,weight,sizeetc.ofthegoods

15.advaloremduties?

—从价税dutiesleviedonthebasisofthepriceofthegoods

16.carriage?

—运费thepriceorcostoftransportation

17.voluntaryoffer?

—主动发盘anoffermadeontheinitiativeoftheofferer

18.contractingparties?

—缔约方signatoriesofanagreement

19.forcemajeure?

—[不可抗力]socialornaturalcalamitiesthattakeplacebeyondthecontrolofacontractingparty

20.firmoffer?

—持盘anofferwhosetermsandconditionsarebindingontheoffer

21.offeree?

—受要约人thepartytowhomanofferismade

22.hyperinflation?

—极度通货膨胀soaringofpricesbeyondcontrol

23.inflation?

—通货膨胀riseinpricesbroughtaboutbytheexcessdemand,expansionofmoneysupply,creditetc.

24.protectionism?

—贸易保护主义thetheoryofthesystemofdevelopinghomecountriesthroughdutiesandothermeansimposedoncompetitiveimports

25.bilateral?

—双边的oftwosides

26.bundling?

—捆绑式销售theexchangeofgoodsorservicesaretiedtogether

27.creditors?

—债权人apersontowhomoneownsmoney

28.debtor?

—债务人apersonwhoowesmoney

29.default?

—违约failtocarryoutanobligation

30.draft?

—汇票anunconditionalordertosomeonetopayasumofmoney

31.remittance?

—汇款thesendingofmoneyorthemoneysent

32.drawer?

—出票人thepersonwhoissuesadraft,usuallytheexporter

33.drawee?

—受票人thepersontowhomadraftisdrawn

34.credit-worthiness?

—资信beingbelievedoracceptedbyothersasreliableinmakingpayment

35.applicantofanL/C?

—出口信用证theimporterthatgoestoabankfortheestablishmentofanL/C

36.beneficiary?

—受益人thecompanythatcanmakeuseofanL/Ctogetpaidforitsexport

37.confirmingbank?

—保兑行thebankthataddsitsowncommitmenttoanL/C

38.reimburse?

—退款paybacktosomebodyfortheexpenseshehasspent

39.cleancredit?

—光票信用证acreditthatdoesnotrequireshippingdocumentsforpayment

40.sightcredit?

—即期信用证acreditbywhichpaymentcanbemadeuponpresentationofthedraft

41.middleman?

—中间商traderthroughwhomgoodspassbetweentheproducerandtheconsumer

42.consignee?

—收货人thepartyinthebillofladingtowhomthegoodsareshipped

43.shippingmarks?

—唛头whatisprintedontheouterpackingofgoodsassymbolforidentificationinthecourseoftransportation

44.insurancepolicy?

—保险单adocumentusedforcoveringpossiblerisks

45.title?

—抬头righttothepossessionofapositionorproperty

46.insured?

—被保险人apersoncoveredbyaninsurancepolicy

47.premium?

—保险费theamountpaidbyaninsuredforcoverageunderthecontract

48.potentialloss?

—潜在损失losswhichispossibletoincur

49.claim?

—索赔apaymentdemandedinaccordancewithaninsurancepolicy

50.margin?

—利润amountabovewhatisestimatedasnecessary

51.underwriter?

—保险公司apersonwhocarriesoninsuranceasabusiness

52.invoice?

—发票adocumentforthegeneraldescriptionofthegoodsandtheprice

pensation?

—赔偿金somethinggivenorreceivedasanequivalentforloss

54.pooling?

—联营acombinationoffundsformedforcommonadvantage

55.multi-modaltransportation?

—多式联运transportthatcombinesroad,rail,seaandair

56.redeem?

—兑换torepayorpayoff,esp.loanstock,debenturesandpreferencesharesorstock

57.settlement?

—结算theactofpayingabill,debt,charge,etc

58.exchangerate?

—汇率thepriceatwhichonecurrencycanbeexchangedforanothercurrency

59.moneycirculation?

—货币流通moneyinthehandsofthepublicandbeingusedtopayforgoodsandservices

60.devaluation?

—货币贬值theactofagovernmentinreducingbylawtheexchangevalueofitscurrencyinunitsofgoldorascomparedwithothercurrencies

61.reserve?

—储备金moneyheldasidetomeetfuturedemand

62.investment?

—投资theactofputtingmoneytouseinsomethingofferingprofitablereturns

63.quota?

—配额alimitplacedbyagovernmentontheamountofimportsorcommodity

64.VER?

—自动出口限制anagreementbyacountry’sexportersorgovernmenttolimittheirexportsorgovernmenttolimittheirexportstoanothercountry

65.intellectualproperty?

—知识产权certainnon-tangibleassetsheld,principallycoveringtheareasofpatentprotection,registeredtrademarksanddesigns,andcopy-right

66.taxholiday?

—免税期aperiodoftimeduringwhichtaxisnotlevied

67.jointventure?

—合资企业abusinesswheretheprovisionofriskcapitalissharedbetweentwoormorefirms

68.gilts?

—金边债券stocksissuedbygovernment

69.cost-effective?

—成本效益好producingoptimumresultsfortheexpenditure

70.anti-dumping?

—反倾销oneformofactionwhichmaybetakenbyagovernmenttoprotectindustriesfromunfaircompetitionbywhichgoodsaresoldatapricelowerthaninthecountrywheretheyaremanufactured

71.mandate?

—授权authoritygiventoperformaduty

72.contractingparty?

—缔约国acountryorfirmthatsignsalegalagreement

73.Visibletrade有形贸易?

:

Theformofcommoditytrade,i.e.exportingandimportinggoodsproducedormanufacturedinonecountryforconsumptionorresaleinanother.（includingcashtransaction-bymeansofmoneyandmarket,andcountertrade）

74.Invisibletrade无形贸易?

:

Theformoftransportation,communication,banking,insurance,consulting,informationetc.iscalledinvisibletradeorserviceindustries.

75.FDI（foreigndirectinvestments）?

ismadeofreturnsthroughcontrollingtheenterprisesorassetsinvestedinahostcountry.

76.Portfolioinvestment证券投资?

:

Purchasesofforeignfinancialassetsforapurposeotherthancontrolling.

77.Bonds债券:

Thepapersissuedbyagovernmentorafirmwithpromisetopaybackthemoneylentorinvestedtogetherwithinterest.

78.Licensing许可经营?

:

Inlicensing,afirmleasestherighttouseitsintellectualpropertytoafirminanothercountry.Theychooselicensingbecausetheydonothavetomakecashpaymentstostatbusiness,andcansimplyreceiveincomeintheformofroyalty.

79.Franchising特许经营?

:

afirmcalledthefranchisee,isallowedtooperateinthenameofanother,calledthefranchiserwhoprovidestheformerwithtrademarks,brandnames,logos,andoperatingtechniquesforroyalty.

80.Franchiser特许方?

:

Afirmwhoprovidesthefranchiseewithtrademarks,brandnames,logosandoperatingtechniquesforroyalty.

81.Franchisee被特许方?

:

Afirmisallowedtooperateinthenameofanother.

82.GNP国民生产总值?

:

GrossnationalProduct.Themarketvalueofgoodsandservicesproducedbythepropertyandlaborownedbytheresidentsofaneconomy.

83.GDP国内生产总值?

:

GrossDomesticProduct.Themarketvalueofallgoodsandservicesproducedwithinthegeographicareaofaneconomy.

84.PercapitaGDP人均国内生产总值?

:

ItiscalculatedbydividingitstotalGDPbyitspopulation,whichrevealstheaverageincomelevelofconsumers.

85.Incomedistribution收入分布?

:

Theproportionsofitsrich,middleincomeandpoorpeople.

86.Freetradearea自由贸易区?

:

Themembersremovebarrierstotradeamongthemselveswhilestilladoptseachownexternalpolicy

87.Customsunion关税同盟?

:

Themembersremovebarrierstotradeamongthemselvesandadoptthesameexternalpolicy

88.Commonmarket共同市场?

:

Themembersremovebarriersnotonlytotradebutalsotofactorsofproductionandadoptthesameexternalpolicy.

89.EconomicUnion（EU）经济同盟?

:

Themembersremovebarriersnotonlytotradebutalsotofactorsofproduction,adoptthesameexternalpolicyandharmonizetheirtaxation,governmentexpenditure,industrypoliciesandusethesamecurrency.

90.ParentMNCheadquarter跨国公司母公司，总部?

istheoriginalinvestingmultinationalcorporation.ItisalsotheinternationalheadquartersoftheMNE.

91.Homecounty母国?

:

Thecountrywheretheheadquarteroftheinvestorislocated.

92.Hostcountry东道国?

:

Thehostcountryisaforeigncountrywheretheinvestoroperates.

93.Absoluteadvantage绝对利益?

:

Itholdsthatacommoditywillbeproducedinthecountrywhereitcostsleastintermsofresources（capital,landandlabor）

100.Comparativeadvantage比较利益?

:

Evenifacountryislessefficientthananotherintheproductionofbothcommodities,thereisstillabasisformutuallybeneficialtrade.

1..Internationaltrade国际贸易?

:

Theexchangeofgoodsandservicesproducedinonecountrywiththoseproducedinanothersufficient.

2.Importduties进口关税?

:

Tariffsleviedongoodsenteringanarea

3.Exportduties出口关税?

:

Taxesleviedongoodsleavinganarea

4.Most-favored-nation（MFN）treatment最惠国待遇?

:

Atarifftreatmentunder