医学英语词根大全.docx
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医学英语词根大全.docx
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医学英语词根大全
医学英语词根大全
1(人体主要器官前缀
名称通用名前(后)缀常用形容词示例
心heartcardiao-cardialcardium/carditis/cardiology
脑brainencepholo-cerebralcerebrum/encephalitis/encephalology
肺lungpulmo-pulmonarypulmontiis/pulmonectomy/pulmonology
肝liverhepato-hepatichepatitis/hepatobiliary/hepatology
胃stomachgastro-gastricgastritis/gastrointestinal/gastrology
胆gallbladderchole-biliaryholecystitis/cholinergic/cholecystectomy
肠intestineentero-intestinalenteritis/enterectomy/enterology
脾spleensplen-splenicsplenitis/splenectomy/splenology
胰pancreaspancreato-pancreaticpancreatitis/pancreatectomy
肾kidneynephro-renal/nephricnephritis/nephropathy/nephrology
(与人体系统、器官有关的前(后)缀
名称通用名前(后)缀示例
血bloodhemo-/hematohematology/hemoglobin/hematoma血管vesselvaso-vasopressor/cardiovasology/verebrovascular静脉veinveno-venography/intravenous/venoconstriction动脉arteryarterio-arteriology/arteriole/arteriosclerosis肌musclemyo-mycology/myositis/myocarditis髓marrowmyel-/myelo-myelocyte/myelitis/myeloma神经nerveneur-/neyro-neurology/neuritis/neuron细胞cellcyto-/-cytecytology/cytoma/leukocyte尿urineuro-/ur-urology/urosurgery/urogenital体bodysomato-/somesomatology/somatopsychic/chromosome
3(与数字有关的前缀
数字前缀示例
一(单)mono-/uni-monomer/monoclone/carbonmonoxide/unidirectional二bi-/di-bilateral/biphasiccarbondioxide/dipeptide三tri-trilateral/triphasic/trigeminalnerve四tetra-tetramer/tetracycline/tetraplegia
五penta-pentagon/pentachromic/pentachloride
六hexa-hexachromic/benzenehexachloride(666)/hexacycliccompiund七hepta-heptachromic/heptaploid/heptavalent八octa-octahedral/octalsystem
九nona-nonapeptide/nonagon
十deca-decade/decagram/decaliter
注:
十位数的表示一般为:
个位数前缀+deca,如:
hexadecanol(十六烷醇),
tetradecapeptidegastrin(十四肽胃泌素),octadecanoicacid(十八烷酸)
4(颜色及与颜色有关的前缀
颜色通用名前缀示例
色colorchrom-/chromo-chromosome/chromatin/chromatometer红rederythro-erythrocyte/erythrocyturia/erythrometer白whiteleuko-leukocyte/leukemia/leukocytuira黑blackmelano-melena/melanoma/melanoderma黄yellowxantho-xanthopsin/xanthosis/xanthoma绿green
棕brownbrownmixture/brownring橙orangeVictoriaorange/ethylorange/orangeG粉红pinkoinkfrothysputum
绯红crimson
青铜bronzedbronzeddiabetes
蓝bluecyan-/cyanocyanosis/cyanopsia/cyanemia紫violet/purple
注:
有些病名的“蓝”“紫”“青”为同义,其前缀都为“cyano-”.
5(与疾病和疾患有关的前(后)缀
(1)
含义前(后)缀形容词示例
病patho-pathogen/pathology/pathogenesis/
-pathy-pathicneuropathy/nephropathy/adenopathy病态-osis–oticneurosis/tuberculosis/schistosomiasis增多leukocytosis/erythrocytopenia/granulocytosis减少-penia-penicleukocytopenia/erythrocytopenia/granulocytopenia无a-/an-atypical/anuria/agranulocytopenia小/微-letdroplet/platelet/leaflet
micro-microscopy/microorganism/micronucleus大/巨macro-macroscopic/macronucleus/macrophage
-megalysplenomegaly/acromegaly/hepatomegaly复合/多poly-polyuria/polymer/polyopia全/泛pan-pancolectomy/panmyelosis/pandemic
6(与疾病和疾患有关的前(后)缀
(2)
含义前(后)缀示例
相反dis-disease/disorder/disability困难/障碍dys-dysfunction/dyspepsia/dyspnea不良mal-malfunction/malnutrition/malpractice炎症-itisappendicitis/bronchitis/arthritis瘤/块-omalymphoma/adenoma/hematoma血症-emialeukemia/septisemia/bacteremia痛-algia/-algesia/alge-/algo-analgesia/hypoalgesia/algometer麻痹-plegiahemipleia/pamplegia/myoplegia流出-rrheadiarrhea/hypermenorrhea/rhinorrhea坏死-necrosis/necro-/necr-hepatonecrosis/myonecrosis/necrospermia结石litho-/-lithlithiasis/lithogenesis/cholelithes
7(与方位有关的前缀
含义通用词前缀示例
上upper/superiorpi-/supra-epidemic/epithelium/supracostal下lower/inferiornfra-/sub-infracostal/subclavicular/subcutaneous前front/anterior/priorfore-/ante-/pre-forehead/anteroposterior/precirrhosis后back/posteriorpost-/retro-posthepatic/postprandial/retrocardiac内inner/internalin-/endo-/ento-inhalation/endoscopy/entocranial外outer/externalex-/exo-extract/excretion/exocardial间betweeninter-intermuscular/intercostal/intercourse旁/副onthesideofpara-parathyroid/paraprotein/pararenal周aroundperi-perioperative/pericarditis/peritoneum中心centralcentri-/centra-/centro-centrifugation/centralize/centronucleus反/对oppositecounter-/contra-counterpart/countershock/contraindication
注:
invivo/in’vaivou/活体内;invitro/invaitrou/活体外或试管内;insitu/in’saitju:
/原位
8(与外科手术有关的前(后)缀
含义前(后)缀示例
切除-ectomyappendectomy/gastrectomy/splenectomy切开-tomytracheotomy/hysterotomy/craniotomy切(割)-tometracheotome/thoracotome
吻合-stomyduodenoenterostomy/gastroesophagostomy成形术-plastytracheoplasty/osteoplasty/myoplasty整(矫)形ortho-orthopedics/orthopod/orthotherapy造影-graphyangiography/nephrography/phlebography经…trans-transdominal/translateral/transurethral注:
ortho-也是“正”“原”的前缀,如:
ortho-acid(正酸)
-graphy为方法,如:
electrocardigraphy心电图检查术;
graph为仪器,如:
electrocardigraph心电图机;
gram为图象,文字,如:
electrocardiogram心电图记录。
9(与化学品有关的前(后)缀
含义前(后)缀示例
酸盐atesulfate/nitrate/acetate
醇-olalcohol/propanol/taxol
醛-alretinal/methylal/propanal
酮-oneacetone/progesterone/ketone
糖glyco-glycogenolysis
saccharo-saccharomyces
-saccharidepolysaccharide
酶-asereductase/transminase/kinase
素-inpenicillin/heparin/nuclein原-genallogen/antigen/glycogen
苯基/酚phen-/pheno-phenol/phenate/phenetidin氨基amino-aminobenzene/aminopherase/aminopyrine
10(与“作用”有关的前(后)缀
含义前(后)缀示例
杀-cide/-cidalinsecticide/pesticide/bactericidal抑-stasis/-staticbacteriostasis/virostatic/tuberculostatic驱逐-fugefebrifuge/centrifuge
抗-antiantibiotic/antimycotic/antimutagen去/脱/除de-dehydroprednisone/detergent/desensitization回/再/复re-reabsorb/reactivation/recombinant冷冻cryo-cryobiology/cryopreservation/cryoprotectant否/去/分离dis-disinfection/dissociate/dissection向后/退行retro-retrograde/retrosternal/retrocardiac
SuffixMeaningExample
-acpertainingto属于,关于cardiac:
pertainingtotheheart心脏(病)的
-alpertainingtomedical:
pertainingtomedicine
-arpertainingtomolecular:
pertainingtoamolecule分子的
-arypertainingtobelongingtociliary:
pertainingtothecilia睫毛的,纤毛的,毛状的
-aseenzyme酶amylase:
anyenzymethatconvertsstarchtosugar淀粉
酶
-clesmallness小,少,贫乏,小气follicle:
asmallbodilycavityorsac小囊,(头发的)毛囊
-eaninstrument仪器auriscope:
aninstrumentforexaminingtheear(检查
耳朵用的)耳镜
-ealpertainingtolaryngeal:
pertainingtothelarynx喉的,喉音的
-iacondition;qualityphobia:
abnormalfear恐惧,害怕
-icpertainingtotoxic:
pertainingtotoxin有毒的;因中毒引起的
-icsstudyof;nameofasciencepediatrics:
studyofchildren,theirdevelopmentand
diseases儿科学
-ine/insubstance物质insulin:
substance(hormone)producedbytheisletsof
Langerhansinthepancreas胰岛素
-ismprocessorconditionalcoholism:
excessivedrinkingofalcoholwhichbecomes
addictive酒精中毒
-istonewhospecializesin精通pharmacologist:
adoctorwhospecializesinthestudyof
于……的人drugs药理专家
-itisinflammationreferstoapartrhinitis:
inflammationofthenasalpassages鼻炎,鼻粘膜
in……部位的炎症炎
-(i)umrelationtoawhole;relatedtoendometrium:
innerliningoftheuter子宫内膜
与……相关
-ivecharacterizesbyantitussive:
adrugthatsuppressescoughing止咳药
-lettiny;smalldroplet:
atinydrop小滴
-menttheresultorproductofanactiondevelopment:
thingwhichdevelopsorisbeingdeveloped;
actionofbecomingmature
-oidresembling;like像mucoid:
resemblingmucus粘液样的
-olelittle;smallcentriole:
thesmalldensestructureinthemiddleofthe
centrosome细胞中心粒;中心体
-omatumor;swellingreferstoadoerdermatofibroma:
fibroustumoroftheskin皮肤纤维瘤
-or/-ereitherapersonorthingreceptor:
asensorynerveendingthatrespondstovarious
stimuli感受器,受体
-orycharacterizedby;pertainingtosuspensory:
whichishangingdown悬吊式,悬带
-osesugarfructose:
fruitssugarfoundinhoneyandsomefruit果糖
-osisabnormalconditiononychocryptosis:
abnormalconditionofahiddennail嵌
甲
-ouspertainingtopoisonous:
pertainingtopoison;alsocontainingpoison有
毒的,分泌毒素的
-somesbodiesribosome:
thebodyofnucleicacid核糖体
-umstructure;thing;substance结构,物magnesium:
awhitemetallicchemicalsubstance镁(金属
质元素)
-ycondition;act;processdystrophy:
disordercausedbydefectivenutritionor
metabolism营养不良
Thefollowingisalistofthemostcommonlyusedcompoundsuffixes
SuffixMeaningExample
-algiapain;painful;conditionarthralgia:
paininajoint关节痛
--aseenzymeprotease:
digestiveenzyme蛋白酶
-blastembryo胚,胚胎,人类胚胎hemocytoblast:
blastcell血胚细胞,原始血细胞
-carcinomamalignanttumordevelopingfromadenocarcinoma:
malignanttumordevelopingfrom
connectivetissue相关组织的恶glandulartissue腺癌
性肿瘤
-celeprotrusion;distention突出;膨esophagocele:
abnormaldistentionoftheesophagus食管
胀,延伸突出
-centesissurgicalpuncture手术穿孔paracentesis:
surgicalpunctureofacavityforthe
aspirationoffluid穿刺术
-capniacarbondioxide二氧化碳acapnia:
absenceofcarbondioxide血液二氧化碳缺乏
-cidekillgermicide:
(substance)whichcankillgerms杀菌剂
-clastcellphagocyte:
cell,especiallyawhitebloodcell,whichcan
surroundanddestroyothercells噬菌细胞
-dyniapainglossodynia:
paininthetongue舌痛
-ectasia/-ecexpansion;dilation(膨胀,扩张)atelectasis:
incompleteexpansionofthelungsatbirth肺
tasis不张
-ectomysurgicalexcisionorremovalofgastrectomy:
surgicalremovalofthestomach胃切除术
-edemaexcessiveaccumulationofserousmyxoedema:
conditioncausedwhenthethyroidglanddoes
fluid水肿notproduceenoughthyroidhormone粘液腺瘤病,粘液
水肿
-emiabloodconditionleukemia:
anyofseveralmalignantdiseaseswherean
abnormalnumberofleucocytesformintheblood白血病
-emesisvomiting呕吐hematemesis:
thevomitingofblood咯血;吐血
-gensomethingthatproducedorpathogen:
amicroo
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