英国浪漫主义文学EnglishRomanticism.docx
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英国浪漫主义文学EnglishRomanticism.docx
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英国浪漫主义文学EnglishRomanticism
EnglishRomanticism
Introduction
・EnglishRomanticismbeginsin1798withthepublicationofWordsworthandColeridge'sTheLyricalBalladsandendsin1832withWalterScotfsdeath.WilliamBlakeandRobertBurnsalsobelongtothisliterarygenre,thoughtheylivepriortotheRomanticperiod・
*EnglishRomanticismisarevoltoftheEnglishimaginationagainsttheneoclassicalreason.TheFrenchRevolutionof1789-1794andtheEnglishIndustrialRevolutionexertgreatinfluenceonEnglishRomanticism.Theromanticistsexpressanegative
attitudetowardstheexistingsocialorpoliticalconditions・Theyplacetheindividualatthecenterofart,ascanbeseenfromLordByrorfsByronicHero.ThekeywordsofEnglishRomanticismarenatureaimagination.EnglishRomantictendtobenational!
defendingthegreatestEnglishwriters・Theyarguepoetryshouldbefreefromallrules.
OverviewofRomanticliterature
•Theromanticperiodisanageofpoetry.WordsworthandColeridgearethemostrepresentativewriters.TheyexplorenewtheoriesandinnovatenewtechniquesinversificatioitTheybelievethatpoetrycouldpurifyindividualsoulsandsociety
拿TheLyricalBallads&Coleridge'sBiographiaLiteraria.
Lakepoets
拿Wordsworth.ColeridgeandSoutheywereknownasLakePoetsbecausetheylivedandknewoneanotherinthelastfewyearsofthe18thcenturyinthedistrictofthegreatlakesinNorthwesternEnglandTheformertwopublishedTheLyricalBalladstogetherin1798.whileallthreeofthemhadradicalinclinationsintheiryouthbutlaterturnedconservativeandreceivedpensionsandpoetlaureateshipsfromthearistocracy
PositiveRomanticPoets
♦OthergreatestRomanticpoetsare:
JohnKeats,P.B.ShelleyandG.G・Byron.TheyarereferredtoasSatanicPoetsbyRobertSoutheyfortheirviolentimaginationandrebelliousspirit・
Feministworks
•MaryWollstonecraftwroteAVindicationoftheRightsofWomanin1792.
・Gothicnovelisatypeofromanticfictionthatpredominatesinthelate18thcenturyandcontinuestoshowitsinfluenceinearly19山century.Itsprincipalelementsareviolence,horror,andthesupernatural.Frankenstein(1818)byMaryShelleyandTheMysteriesofUdolpho(1794)byAnnRadcliffearemasterpiecesofEnglishgothicnovel.
RomanticFictions
・EnglishfictiongropesitswayamidsttheoverwhelmingRomanticpoetryItrevivesitspopularityinthehandsofJaneAusten&WalterScott
・WalterScottisnotedforhishistoricalnovelbasedonScottishhistoryandlegends.HeexertedgreatinfluenceonEuropeanliteratureofhistime
・JaneAustenisthefirstandforemostEnglishwomennovelistFollowingthe
neoclassicaltradition,sheisunsurpassedinthedescriptionofuneventfuleveryday
EssayistsinEnglishRomanticism
Essayists
Representativeworks
WilliamHazlitt
Familiaressays
CharlesLamb
EssaysofElia;TalesfromShakespeare
Coleridge
BiographiaLiteraria
=
WilliamWordsworth
•WordsworthisthemostrepresentativepoetofEnglishRomanticism・Hewasbornintoalawyersfamilyin1770atCockmouth,Cumberland.Hisparentsdiedwhenhewasveryyoung.
拿HewastakencareofbyhisrelativesHegothiseducationattheGrammarSchoolofHawksheadardthenatSt.JohrfsCollege,Cambridge.
・HewasaworshipperofnaturefromhischildhoodHefrequentlyvisitedplacesofbeautifulseeneryAwalkingtouroftheSwissAlpsheightenedhisaddictiontonature.
WilliamWordsworth
HehadgreatsympathywiththeFrenchRevolutionHepaid2visitstoFrance,duringthesecondvisithefellinlovewithAnnetteVallon.whoborehimadaughter.
WordsworthwastotallydisillusionedbytheJacobindictatorshipandtheFrenchinvasionofotherEuropeancountriesHebecameconservativeinpoliticsHewaslabeledasnegativeRomanticpoetbyKarlMarxandwasseverelycriticizedbyByron
In1795heandhissisterDorothyWordsworthsettleddowninRacedown.Dorsetshire.In1797hemadefriendswithColeridgeThethreepersonsbecamethreepeoplewithonesoulinliteraryhistory
WilliamWordsworth
•LegendhasitthatWordsworthandhissisterlivedakindofincestuouslifeduringthisperiodDorothyhelpedWordsworthturnhiseyesto“thefaceofnatureandpreservedthepoetinhim\SheservedasWordsworthsconfidariteandinspirerAsWordsworthputitinhispoem:
Shegavemeeyes.shegavemeears:
Andhumblecares.anddelicatefears:
Aheart.thefountainofsweettears:
Andlove.andthought,andjoy
WilliamWordsworth
•In1798.WordsworthandColeridgepublishedtheirLyricalBallads.In1798and1799,hemadeatouraroundGermanyUponhisreturntoEnglandheandhissistermovedtoDoveCottageinGrasmere,themostbeautifulplaceintheLakeDistrict.Coleridge&RobertSoutheylivedastonesthrowfromtheirdwellingplace.ThethreepoetscametobeknownasLakePoets.
•In1802.WordsworthgotmarriedtoMaryHutchingson.In1823.hegotasinecurejobasdistributorofstamps
WilliamWordsworth
*In1842,hereceivedthegovernmentpensionandinthefollowingyear,hesucceededSoutheyasPoetLaureate.
*
HediedatRydalMountin1850andwasburiedintheGrasmerechurchyard.
Wordsworth5smajorworks
Wordsworth^famelieschieflyinhisshortpoemsHisshortpoemsfallinto2categoriespoemsaboutnatureandpoemsabouthumanlife.
Heisa"worshipperofnature".Itisnaturethatgiveshim"strengthandknowledgefullofgrace"
Hisbestknownpoemsofnatureinclude:
IWanderedLonelyasaCloud,TinternAbbey,TotheCuckoo,MyHeartLeapsup,ToaButterfly,AnEveningWalkf&TheSparrow'sNest.
Hisbestknownpoemsabouthumanlifeinelude:
LucyPoems,TheSolitaryReaper,TheOldCumberlandBeggar,Michael.&ToaHighlandGirl
Wordsworth'smajorworks
•WordsworthwrotemanysonnetsHisfamoussonnetsare:
EarthHasNotAnythingtoShowMoreFair.OntheExtinctionoftheVenetianRepublic.&ThoughtofaBritonontheSubjugationofSwitzerland
•HisbestknownlongpoemisThePreludeInthispoemWordsworthanalysesthegrowthofhispoeticgeniusduringhischildhoodandyouth.andrecallsthelessonsheowestonature.
•WordsworthsgreatestcontributiontoEnglishliteratureishispoemsandhisPrefacetoTheLyricalBallads.
«ThoughTheLyricalBalladsisknownasthecollaboratedworkofWordsworthandColeridge,allthepoemsbutone(TheRimeofTheAncientMariner)arewrittenbyWordsworthMostofhismostquotedpoemaretakenfromthiscollection
・WordsworthsPreface(1800)toLyricalBalladsisthemanifestoofEnglishRomanticism.Itis'oneoftherevolutionaryworksofcriticism,helpingusherintheRomanticAgeinliterature"(Dutton,1984:
50).
«HeisprimarilyconcernedtojustifythekindsofhispoemswhichhehadcontributedtoLyricalBallads.
KeypointsinhisPreface
*DefinitionofapoetHe(poet)isamanspeakingtomen:
aman.itistrue.endowedwithmorelivelysensibility.moreenthusiasmandtenderness.whohasagreaterknowledgeofhumannature,andamorecomprehensivesoul,thanaresupposedtobecommonamongmankind
KeypointsinhisPreface
拿Creativeprocessofauthenticpoetry
Poetryisthespontaneousoverflowofpowerfulfeelingittakesitsoriginfromemotionrecollectedintranquility:
theemotioniscontemplatedtill,byaspeciesofreaction.thetranqinlitygraduallydisappears,andanemotion,kindred(similar)tothatwhichbeforewasthesubjectofcontemplation,isgraduallyproduced.anddoesitselfactuallyexistinthemindInthismoodsuccessfulcompositiongenerallybegins……
KeypointsinhisPreface
拿Subjectmatter&poeticIanguage
Theprincipalobjectwastochooseincidentsandsituationsfromcommonlife,andtorelateordescribethem,throughout,asfaraswaspossibleinaselectionofIanguagereallyusedbymen.andatthesametime,tothrowoverthemacertaincoloringofimagination,wherebyordinarythingsshouldbepresentedinanunusualaspect……
KeypointsinhisPreface
Humbleandrusticlifewasgenerallychosen.becauseinthatcondition.theessentialpassionsoftheheartfindabettersoilinwhichtheycanattaintheirmaturity……
Thelanguage,tooofthesemenhasbeenadopted(purifiedindeedfromwhatappeartobeitsrealdefects.fromalllastingandrationalcausesofdislikeordisgust)becausesuchmenhourlycommunicatewiththebestobjectsfromwhichthebestpartoflanguageisoriginallyderived
BriefComments
•WordsworthistherepresentativepoetofEnglishromanticism
*
Wordsworth'spoetryis
distinguishedbythesimplicityandpurityofhislanguage.
・Wordsworth'stheoryonversificationhasexertedprofoundinfluenceonlaterpoets(mimesis-imaginativerecreation)
TheSolitaryReaper
BEHOLDher.singleinthefield.YonsolitaryHighlandLass?
Reapingandsingingbyherself:
Stophere,orgentlypass!
Aloneshecutsandbindsthegrain.
Andsingsamelancholystrain:
0listen!
fortheValeprofound
Isoverflow!
ngwiththesound
TheSolitaryReaper
NoNightingaledideverchaunt
Morewelcomenotestowearybands
Oftravellersinsomeshadyhaunt
AmongArabiansands:
Avoicesothrillingneerwasheard
Inspring-timefromtheCuckoo-bird、
Breakingthesilenceoftheseas
AmongthefarthestHebrides.
TheSolitaryReaper
Willnoonetellmewhatshesings?
Perhapstheplaintivenumbersflow
Forold,unhappy,far-offthings.
Andbattleslongago:
Orisitsomemorehumblelay.
Familiarmatterofto-day?
Somenaturalsorrow.Ioss.orpain.Thathasbeen.andmaybeagain?
TheSolitaryReaper
Whateerthetheme.theMaidensangAsifhersongcouldhavenoending;
Isawhersingingatherwork.
Ando*erthesicklebending:
—
Ilistendmotionlessa
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